1. Metformin: An old drug against old age and associated morbidities
- Author
-
Floriana Morgillo, Raimondo Di Liello, Pia Clara Pafundi, Teresa Salvatore, Raffaele Marfella, Luigi Elio Adinolfi, Riccardo Nevola, Luca Rinaldi, Ferdinando Carlo Sasso, Raffaele Galiero, Lucio Monaco, Salvatore, T, Pafundi, Pc, Morgillo, F, Di Liello, R, Galiero, R, Nevola, R, Marfella, R, Monaco, L, Rinaldi, L, Adinolfi, Le, and Sasso, Fc
- Subjects
Drug ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,endocrine system diseases ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,media_common.quotation_subject ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Disease ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Diabetes mellitus ,Neoplasms ,Internal Medicine ,Medicine ,Humans ,Hypoglycemic Agents ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Obesity ,Cognitive decline ,Intensive care medicine ,media_common ,business.industry ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,Cancer ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Metformin ,MetforminAgingObesityMortalityCardiovascular diseasesCancer ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Metabolic syndrome ,Morbidity ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Metformin represents a striking example of a “historical nemesis” of a drug. About 40 years after its marketing in Europe, once demonstrated its efficacy and safety, metformin was registered also in the U.S. A few years later, it has become a mainstay in T2DM treatment, according to all international Scientific Societies guidelines. Today, despite the advent of new innovative drugs, metformin still persists as a first-choice drug in T2DM. This success is largely justified. In fact, over the years, also positive effects on health increased. In particular, evidence has been accumulated on a beneficial impact against many other aging-related morbidities (obesity, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, cancer, cognitive decline and mortality). This literature review describes preclinical and clinical evidence favoring the “anti-aging” therapeutic potential of metformin outside of T2DM. The rationale to the use of metformin as part of a combined therapy in a variety of clinical settings, allowing for a reduction of the chemotherapy dose in cancer patients, has also been discussed. In particular, the focus was on metformin action on RAS/RAF/MAPK pathway. In the end, the real challenge for metformin could be to fully demonstrate beneficial effects on health even in non-diabetic subjects.
- Published
- 2019