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The aims were to assess the prevalence and characteristics of dyslipidemia phenotypes in a Romanian population-based sample from the PREDATORR study. Methods PREDATORR was an epidemiological study with a cross-sectional, cluster random sampling design. Participants were classified into four dyslipidemia phenotypes based on the NCEP ATP III criteria: isolated hypertrigliceridemia, isolated hypoHDL-C, isolated hyperLDL-C and mixed dyslipidemia (≥2 standard lipid abnormalities). Overall, 2656 were included in the analysis by dyslipidemia phenotypes. Results An estimated 67.1% of Romanian adults have at least one lipid abnormality: 27.5% (95%CI26.0–28.9%) have elevated TG, 29.4% (95%CI27.9–30.8%) have low HDL-C and 47.8% (95%CI46.3–49.2%) have elevated LDL-C (26.2% had LDL-C levels ≥2.58 mmol/l associated with CHD or CHD risk equivalent). Also, 30% Romanian adults have mixed dyslipidemia with 7.6% (95%CI6.1–9.0%) having all three lipid abnormalities. The age and sex-adjusted prevalence of isolated dyslipidemia phenotypes in Romanian adult population was 23.7% (95%CI22.2–25.1%) for hyperLDL-Cholesterolemia, 9.3% (95%CI7.8–10.7%) for hypoHDL-Cholesterolemia and 4.1% (95%CI2.6–5.5%) for hypertriglyceridemia. Among participants with triglycerides ≥2.25 mmol/l, 15.2% (95%CI13.7–16.6%) of Romanian adults have non-HDL-C levels ≥3.36 mmol/l. Conclusions The PREDATORR survey indicated a high prevalence of dyslipidemia phenotypes in the Romanian population aged 20–79 years, providing data on its association with several cardiometabolic risk factors.