43 results on '"Linguistic change"'
Search Results
2. The cycle of applicative in Tibetic: Lexicalization, grammaticalization and pragmaticization.
- Author
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Bialek, Joanna and Simon, Camille
- Subjects
VERB phrases ,LINGUISTIC change ,MODERN languages ,GRAMMATICALIZATION ,NOUNS - Abstract
Copyright of Diachronica is the property of John Benjamins Publishing Co. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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3. On the dating of sound changes and its implications for language relationship: The case of Proto-Yeniseian *p- > Ket h-, Yugh f-.
- Author
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Fries, Simon and Korobzow, Natalie
- Subjects
COMPARATIVE method ,LINGUISTIC change ,HISTORICAL chronology ,EIGHTEENTH century ,SPECULATION - Abstract
Copyright of Diachronica is the property of John Benjamins Publishing Co. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Ancient languages and algorithms: Demystifying new methods in historical linguistics.
- Author
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Round, Erich R.
- Subjects
HISTORICAL linguistics ,LINGUISTIC change ,LANGUAGE contact ,CORPORA ,LANGUAGE & languages - Abstract
Copyright of Diachronica is the property of John Benjamins Publishing Co. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. A typological approach to language change in contact situations.
- Author
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Sinnemäki, Kaius, Di Garbo, Francesca, Napoleão de Souza, Ricardo, and Ellison, T. Mark
- Subjects
LINGUISTIC typology ,VARIATION in language ,LANGUAGE contact ,HISTORICAL linguistics ,LINGUISTIC change - Abstract
Copyright of Diachronica is the property of John Benjamins Publishing Co. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Lost in translation: A historical-comparative reconstruction of Proto-Khoe-Kwadi based on archival data.
- Author
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Fehn, Anne-Maria and Rocha, Jorge
- Subjects
LINGUISTIC change ,HISTORICAL source material ,PHONEME (Linguistics) ,LANGUAGE contact ,PHONOLOGICAL awareness ,LEXICAL access - Abstract
Copyright of Diachronica is the property of John Benjamins Publishing Co. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Claire's corner.
- Author
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Bowern, Claire
- Subjects
HISTORICAL linguistics ,FOCUS (Linguistics) ,LINGUISTIC change ,COVID-19 pandemic ,SEMANTICS - Abstract
The editorial in Diachronica by Claire Bowern from Yale University highlights the journal's recent achievements, including two special issue publications and contributions to the "40@40" series. The journal covers various areas of historical linguistics, but has seen a decrease in submissions from primary fieldwork due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite an increase in submissions, the acceptance rate remains low at around 20%, and the journal relies on a large number of reviewers for assessment. The editorial also pays tribute to colleagues in the field who have passed away. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Weaving together the diverse threads of category change: Intersubjective ἀμέλει 'of course' and imperative particles in Ancient Greek.
- Author
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la Roi, Ezra
- Subjects
LINGUISTIC change ,COGNITION ,GRAMMATICALIZATION ,WEAVING - Abstract
Copyright of Diachronica is the property of John Benjamins Publishing Co. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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9. A long birth: The development of gender-specific paucal constructions in Russian.
- Author
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Nesset, Tore
- Subjects
NOUNS ,ADJECTIVES (Grammar) ,LINGUISTIC change ,MIDDLE Ages ,STATISTICS ,MEDIEVALISM - Abstract
Copyright of Diachronica is the property of John Benjamins Publishing Co. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Language sources and the reconstruction of early languages: Sociolinguistic discrepancies and evolution in Old French grammar.
- Author
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Bauer, Brigitte L. M.
- Subjects
VARIATION in language ,GRAMMAR ,LANGUAGE & languages ,LINGUISTIC change ,SOCIAL stratification - Abstract
This article argues that with the original emphasis on dialectal variation, using primarily literary texts from various regions, analysis of Old French has routinely neglected social variation, providing an incomplete picture of its grammar. Accordingly, Old French has been identified as typically featuring e.g. "pro-drop", brace constructions, and single negation. Yet examination of these features in informal texts, as opposed to the formal texts typically dealt with, demonstrates that these documents do not corroborate the picture of Old French that is commonly presented in the linguistic literature. Our reconstruction of Old French grammar therefore needs adjustment and further refinement, in particular by implementing sociolinguistic data. With a broader scope, the call for inclusion of sociolinguistic variation may resonate in the investigation of other early languages, resulting in the reassessment of the sources used, and reopening the debate about social variation in dead languages and its role in language evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Claire's corner.
- Author
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Bowern, Claire
- Subjects
LINGUISTIC change - Abstract
Diachronica, a journal focused on the study of language change, recently celebrated its 40th volume. Over the years, the journal has evolved from publishing two issues per year conducted by mail to now publishing five issues per year, with an increasing number of open access papers. In recognition of the journal's anniversary, four papers from previous volumes have been made open access, with plans to continue this in the future. The latest issues of volume 40 cover a wide range of topics and methodologies, including phylogenetics, sociolinguistic variation, phonetics, and syntax. The upcoming issues will feature a special issue on language change in signed languages and another on new statistical methods in historical linguistics. The journal also takes a moment to remember colleagues who have passed away. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
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12. The role of frequency of use in lexical change: Evidence from Latin and Greek.
- Author
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Wilson, Fiona M., Pappas, Panayiotis A., and Mooers, Arne O.
- Subjects
GREEK language ,LINGUISTIC change ,SEMANTICS ,INVERSE relationships (Mathematics) ,EVIDENCE - Abstract
Based on the number of words per meaning across the Indo-European Swadesh list, Pagel et al. (2007) suggest that frequency of use is a general mechanism of linguistic evolution. We test this claim using within-language change. From the IDS (Key & Comrie 2015) we compiled a comparative word list of 1,147 cognate pairs for Classical Latin and Modern Spanish, and 1,231 cognate pairs for Classical and Modern Greek. We scored the amount of change for each cognate pair in the two language histories according to a novel 6-point scale reflecting increasing levels of change from regular sound change to external borrowing. We find a weak negative correlation between frequency of use and lexical change for both the Latin-Spanish and Classical-Modern Greek language developments, but post hoc tests reveal that low frequency of use of borrowed words drive these patterns, casting some doubt on frequency of use as a general mechanism of language change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Alignment change in Chukotkan: Further exploration of the pathways to ergativity.
- Author
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Kantarovich, Jessica
- Subjects
LANGUAGE contact ,LINGUISTIC change ,SEQUENCE alignment - Abstract
Copyright of Diachronica is the property of John Benjamins Publishing Co. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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14. Loss of grammatical gender and language contact.
- Author
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Igartua, Iván
- Subjects
LANGUAGE contact ,GRAMMATICAL gender ,LANGUAGE attrition ,WOMEN in development ,LINGUISTIC change - Abstract
Copyright of Diachronica is the property of John Benjamins Publishing Co. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Using phonotactics to reconstruct degrammaticalization
- Author
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Don Daniels
- Subjects
Phonotactics ,050101 languages & linguistics ,Linguistics and Language ,Pronoun ,Computer science ,Comparative method ,05 social sciences ,Linguistic change ,Language and Linguistics ,Linguistics ,030507 speech-language pathology & audiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Morpheme ,Order (business) ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,0305 other medical science - Abstract
The principle of directionality is an important part of the comparative method: in order to arrive at a reconstruction, historical linguists need a robust theory that informs them in what direction linguistic change is likely to proceed. But any such theory will have exceptions. How are these to be spotted? I examine one case in which a counter-directional change, degrammaticalization, can be reconstructed by invoking the phonotactics of the proto-language. The degrammaticalized form is the Sirva 3sg pronoun be, and the proto-language is Proto-Sogeram. After making this reconstruction, I also demonstrate that it can be used to enhance our understanding of degrammaticalization. Be spawned a small family of related forms, which shows us that degrammaticalized forms can become polygrammaticalized in the same way as other grammatical morphemes.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Reconstructing phylogeny from linkage diffusion.
- Author
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Pelkey, Jamin
- Subjects
RECONSTRUCTION (Linguistics) ,LINGUISTIC change ,TIBETO-Burman languages ,NGUL language ,PHULA (Asian people) - Abstract
Copyright of Diachronica is the property of John Benjamins Publishing Co. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Constructions and language change.
- Author
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Nesset, Tore and Kuznetsova, Julia
- Subjects
LINGUISTIC change ,CONSTRUCTION grammar ,RUSSIAN language ,GENITIVE case (Grammar) ,ACCUSATIVE case (Grammar) - Abstract
Copyright of Diachronica is the property of John Benjamins Publishing Co. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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18. The evidence for homophony avoidance in language change.
- Author
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Kaplan, Abby
- Subjects
LINGUISTIC change ,HISTORICAL linguistics ,LANGUAGE & languages ,MANDARIN dialects ,CHINESE language ,HISTORY - Abstract
The author comments on an article by Geoffrey Sampson which criticizes the idea that language change is constrained by homophony avoidance. Topics discussed include the arguments presented by Sampson such as the lack of evidence of the proponents of homophony avoidance hypothesis, the role of neutralizations in the history of Mandarin, and several quantitative studies on the influence of homophony avoidance on sound change.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Where do all the motion verbs come from?
- Author
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Verkerk, Annemarie
- Subjects
VERBS ,HISTORICAL linguistics ,LINGUISTIC change ,HISTORICAL lexicology ,ETYMOLOGY ,HISTORY - Abstract
The last four decades have seen huge progress in the description and analysis of cross-linguistic diversity in the encoding of motion (Talmy 1985, 1991, Slobin 1996, 2004). Comparisons between satellite-framed and verb-framed languages suggest that satellite-framed languages typically have a larger manner of motion verb lexicon (swim, dash), while verb-framed languages typically have a larger path of motion verb lexicon (enter, cross) (Slobin 2004, Verkerk 2013, 2014b). This paper investigates how differences between the motion verb lexicons of satellite-framed and verb-framed languages emerge. Phylogenetic comparative methods adopted from biology and an etymological study are used to investigate manner verb lexicons and path verb lexicons in an Indo-European dataset. I show that manner verbs and path verbs typically have different types of etymological origins and that manner verbs emerge faster in satellite-framed subgroups, while path verbs emerge faster in verb-framed subgroups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. D-possessives and the origins of Moroccan Arabic.
- Author
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Heath, Jeffrey
- Subjects
ARABIC language ,BERBER languages ,LINGUISTIC change ,POSSESSIVES (Grammar) - Abstract
Despite the general view that Berber was the only important substratum for Maghrebi Arabic, Moroccan Arabic (MA) took shape in the 7th-8th centuries AD in Roman cities in which Late Latin (LL) was spoken. The occupation of Morocco was far more tenuous than in other areas conquered during the Arab expansion. Rapid language shift from LL to a contact Arabic introduced by eastern Berber troops left telltale signs in phonology and in morphological simplification. Archaic MA D-possessives di, d- and dyal- reflect Latin dē and pronominal combinations thereof, and must be dated to the language-shift period. Recognition of this has been delayed by hesitation to recognize the LL/MA relationship and by Arabic-internal explanations of D-possessives that must be rejected in light of what we now know about Maghrebi Arabic dialects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Competing modals Beyond (inter)subjectification.
- Author
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Nuyts, Jan and Byloo, Pieter
- Subjects
MODALITY (Linguistics) ,SYNONYMS ,AUXILIARIES (Grammar) ,LINGUISTIC change ,SEMANTICS - Abstract
This paper presents the results of a corpus-based diachronic investigation into the semantic evolution of the Dutch modals kunnen "can", mogen "may" and moeten "must", revealing an interaction between processes of (inter)subjectification and of semantic competition ('no synonymy'). Mogen and kunnen do, but moeten does not, show an evolution in terms of (inter)subjectification. But developments in mogen and kunnen also show an effect of the fact that historically they have been competing for the same semantic ground. There is no comparable competition for semantic ground in moeten. This strongly suggests an interaction between the 'no synonymy' principle and (inter)subjectification, whereby the former may actually trigger the latter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Research priorities in historical-comparative linguistics: A view from Asia, Australia and the Pacific.
- Author
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Koch, Harold, Mailhammer, Robert, Blust, Robert, Bowern, Claire, Daniels, Don, Francois, Alexandre, Greenhill, Simon, Joseph, Brian, Reid, Lawrence, Ross, Malcolm, and Sidwell, Paul
- Subjects
COMPARATIVE linguistics ,LINGUISTIC change ,RECONSTRUCTION (Linguistics) ,LANGUAGE classification - Abstract
The article discusses aspects of historical and comparative study of languages in Asia, Australia, and the Pacific region. Topics include the classification of languages into subgroups and families, proto-languages reconstruction at various levels, and the process of linguistic change. Also mentioned the phylogenetic relations are based from the evolutionary biology.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Joe's Jottings.
- Subjects
LINGUISTIC change ,COMPARATIVE linguistics ,HISTORICAL linguistics - Abstract
An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including linguistic change, comparative linguistics, and historical linguistics.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Synchronic variation and loss of case: Formal and informal language in a Dutch corpus of 17th-century Amsterdam texts.
- Author
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Weerman, Fred, Olson, Mike, and Cloutier, Robert
- Subjects
VARIATION in language ,FORMAL languages ,LINGUISTIC change ,FORMALIZATION (Linguistics) - Abstract
A bias towards formal texts obscures our view of language change and gives a misleading impression of actual developments if 'changes from below' are in conflict with 'changes from above,' resulting from norms that are visible in particular in formal language. A corpus of 17th-century Amsterdam texts with varying levels of formality is assembled to study the loss of genitive and dative case-marking in Dutch. These results are compared with the use of present participle constructions, which serve as an extra variable to gauge how formal a text is. We argue that nominal case-marking no longer existed in informal language in 17th-century Amsterdam and that the genitive became a feature of formal norms and was hence subject to pressures from above. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Phonetic explanation without compromise: The evolution of Mussau syncope.
- Author
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Blevins, Juliette
- Subjects
PHONETICS ,SOUNDS ,VOWELS ,OCEANIC languages ,PHONOLOGY ,NEOGRAMMARIANS ,LINGUISTIC change ,LINGUISTICS ,AUSTRONESIAN languages - Abstract
Blust (2005, 2007a, 2007b) questions the phonetic motivation of a number of well-attested sound changes. One sound change in this class is the purported case of stressed vowel syncope in Mussau, an Oceanic language (Blust 1984, 2001, 2007a). Regular syncopes typically target unstressed vowels. By contrast, loss of stressed vowels is difficult to motivate, due to their inherent prominence. Close inspection of Mussau historical phonology suggests that, at its origins, syncope was limited to unstressed vowels, with subsequent developments obscuring its original phonetic motivation. Under the proposed analysis, the Neogrammarian insistence on phonetically motivated sound change is maintained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Internal reconstruction in Chulupí (Nivaclé).
- Author
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Campbell, Lyle and Grondona, Verónica
- Subjects
RECONSTRUCTION (Linguistics) ,HISTORICAL linguistics ,COMPARATIVE linguistics ,LINGUISTIC change ,COMPARATIVE method ,MATACO languages ,COGNATE words - Abstract
This paper is about internal reconstruction and the history of Chulupí, a Matacoan language of Argentina and Paraguay. We apply internal reconstruction and postulate several sound changes in the history of Chulupí. We bring the results of this internal reconstruction to bear on external comparisons based on cognates in other Matacoan languages, and in this way we check the validity of the internal reconstruction and contribute to aspects of Matacoan historical linguistics. We discuss some methodological implications for internal reconstruction in general and its relationship to the comparative method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Layering, competition and a twist of fate: Deontic modality in dialects of English.
- Author
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Tagliamonte, Sali and Smith, Jennifer
- Subjects
ENGLISH language ,DIALECTS ,SOCIOLINGUISTICS ,LINGUISTIC change ,GRAMMATICALIZATION ,LANGUAGE & languages ,LINGUISTICS ,LANGUAGE obsolescence ,COMMUNICATION - Abstract
This paper examines an area of ongoing change in English — deontic modality — and uses an archive of synchronic dialect data from England, Scotland and Northern Ireland to discover new information about its development. History records a cline in this system from must to have to to have got to. By taking a cross-dialectal perspective and utilizing comparative sociolinguistic methods we present a possible reconstruction of the later steps in this process. The results reveal dialectal contrasts in the proportion of older and newer forms, but similar patterns of use. Must is obsolescent and there is an unanticipated resurgence of have to alongside pan-dialectal grammatical reorganization: (1) have to is being used in contexts traditionally encoded by must and (2) have got to is specializing for indefinite reference. Young women are the leading edge in these developments suggesting that systemic adjustments in grammar combine with sociolinguistic influences to advance linguistic change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Child language acquisition and language change.
- Author
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Louden, Mark L.
- Subjects
LINGUISTIC change ,LANGUAGE acquisition ,CHILDREN'S language ,LINGUISTICS - Abstract
Focuses on processes by which child acquires and modifies a language. Role of historical linguistics in shedding light on language change; Overview of causes of language change cited in books "The Development of Language," written by David Lightfoot, and "Language Creation and Language Change," edited by Michel DeGra; Assessment of whether the language change is brought about by child or adults.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Unity and diversity in grammaticalization scenarios, Bisang, Walter & Andrej Malchukov.
- Author
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Hilpert, Martin
- Subjects
GRAMMATICALIZATION ,PSYCHOLINGUISTICS ,UNIVERSAL language ,CONCORD ,LINGUISTIC change - Abstract
Johannes Helmbrecht investigates the sources of demonstrative pronouns in his paper 'On the grammaticalization of demonstratives in Hoocak and other Siouan languages'. This makes the grammaticalization of Yucatecan auxiliaries an example of converging grammaticalization paths that are drawn towards the same target from different starting points. The contributions by Helmbrecht, Jacques and Creissels discuss grammaticalization phenomena that have not been documented before, which puts the focus more squarely on language-specific aspects of grammaticalization. In summary, I Unity and diversity in grammaticalization scenarios i is a very stimulating book that not only offers interesting results, but that also challenges the reader to think in new ways about universal and language-specific aspects of grammaticalization. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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30. Review of Galves, Cyrino, Lopes, Sandalo & Avelar (2012): Parameter theory and linguistic change
- Author
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George Walkden
- Subjects
Linguistics and Language ,LOPES ,Art history ,Linguistic change ,Sociology ,Language and Linguistics ,Epistemology - Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Review of Labov (2001): Principles of Linguistic Change: Social factors
- Author
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Jules D. Gliesche
- Subjects
Linguistics and Language ,Sociology ,Linguistic change ,Social science ,Language and Linguistics - Published
- 2005
- Full Text
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32. Review of Andersen (2001): Actualization: Linguistic change in progress
- Author
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Edwin Battistella
- Subjects
Linguistics and Language ,Linguistic change ,Sociology ,Language and Linguistics ,Epistemology - Published
- 2004
- Full Text
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33. Review of Posner (1997): Linguistic change in French
- Author
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Andrée Tabouret-Keller
- Subjects
Literature ,Linguistics and Language ,business.industry ,Sociology ,Linguistic change ,business ,Language and Linguistics ,Linguistics - Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Exaptation and Language Change. [Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 336].
- Author
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Lass, Roger
- Subjects
ENGLISH language -- Variation ,LINGUISTIC change ,NONFICTION - Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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35. On the Regularity of Hypercorrection in Phonological Change
- Author
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Sheri Pargman
- Subjects
Linguistics and Language ,Hypercorrection ,Philosophy ,Historical linguistics ,Phonological change ,Linguistic change ,Humanities ,Language and Linguistics - Abstract
SUMMARY Hypercorrection, as it has traditionally been defined in historical linguistics, is often described as a sporadic and irregular performance error that does not affect the structure of a language in any sort of systematic or lasting way. In this article, evidence is presented from the South Dravidian family of languages to show that such an assumption cannot be supported in all cases. Early in the history of this family, a phonological change involving umlaut operated to lower high vowels in root syllables before a low-vowel suffix. However, in one of the languages of this family, Literary Tamil, a subsequent change occurred whereby the effects of umlaut were reversed, and the resultant new pattern was hypercorrectively extended to new environments that did not originally contain the appropriate conditioning for the change. So widespread was the overextension of the pattern that its outcome was virtually identical to the outcome of a regular, phonetically-conditioned sound law. This suggests not only a reformulation of the importance of hypercorrection in bringing about significant linguistic change, but also a reconsideration of the role accorded to phonetic factors as the only means through which exceptionless phonological change can be effected. RÉSUMÉ L'hypercorrection, selon la définition traditionnelle qu'en donne la linguistique historique, est une erreur sporadique et irrégulière qui ne concerne que la parole et qui n'a pas de conséquences systématiques ou permanentes pour ce qui est la structure de la langue. Cet article présente pourtant des données linguistiques de la famille sud-dravidienne qui montrent qu'en fait cette supposition ne tient pas toujours. Tout au début dans l'histoire de cette famille, un changement métaphonique a eu lieu dont le résultat a été l'abaissement d'une voyelle haute dans une syllabe de racine devant un suffixe comprenant une voyelle basse. Toutefois, dans une des langues de cette famille, le tamoul littéraire, un changement s'est produit plus tard, renversant les effets de la métaphonie, et par lequel la nouvelle distribution phonologique qui résultait du renversement s'étendait par hypercorrection aux mots qui n'avaient pas ä l'origine les conditions nécessaires pour subir le changement métapho-nique. L'hyperextension de cette nouvelle distribution phonologique a été si générale dans la langue que ses effets sont pratiquement identiques ä ceux d'un changement phonique régulier et attendu. Ces données mènent ä revoir l'importance de l'hypercorrection dans l'introduction de changements linguistiques importants, et ä repenser le rôle des facteurs phonétiques comme seul moyen d'arriver aux changements phonologiques sans exceptions. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die Hyperkorrektion, ihrer traditionellen Stellung innerhalb der histori-schen Sprachwissenschaft zufolge, wird oft als ein sporadischer, unregelmäs-siger Performanzfehler beschrieben, der keine systematische, dauernde Wir-kung auf die Struktur einer Sprache ausube. In diesem Beitrag werden Fakten aus der süddravidischen Sprachfamilie vorgelegt, die die Unannehmbarkeit einer allgemeinen Gültigkeit dieser Auffassung beweisen. In der frühen Ge-schichte dieser Familie fand nämlich ein Lautwandel statt, der den hohen Vokal einer Wurzelsilbe niedrig werden liess, wenn diese einem Suffix, der einen niedrigen Vokal enthielt, voranging. In einem Mitglied dieser Sprachfamilie — der tamilischen Schriftsprache — hat aber eine spätere Entwick-lung die Ergebnisse des Umlautwandels beseitigt, und danach ist ein daraus resultierendes Muster entstanden, das durch Hyperkorrektion nun in neuen Umgebungen verbreitet worden ist, die die urspriinglich zutreffende Bedin-gung nicht besassen. So verallgemeinert wurde dièse iibertriebene Ausdeh-nung des Musters, daß ihr Ergebnis wie das Ergebnis eines regelmässigen, phonetisch bedingten Lautwandels — zumindest der äußeren Erscheinung nach — aussah. Daraus lässt sich schliessen, dass die Bedeutung der Hyperkorrektion bei der Sprachentwicklung, sowie die Rolle der phonetischen Fak-toren, die man im allgemeinen fur das einzige Mittel hait, durch das ein aus-nahmsloser Lautwandel statt findet — eine neue Einschätzung verdienen.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
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36. Origins of sound change: Approaches to phonologization.
- Author
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Samuels, Bridget
- Subjects
LINGUISTIC change ,NONFICTION - Published
- 2014
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37. Parameter theory and linguistic change.
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Walkden, George
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LINGUISTIC change ,NONFICTION - Published
- 2014
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38. Cyclical Change. Edited by Elly van Gelderen.
- Author
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Willis, David
- Subjects
LINGUISTIC change ,NONFICTION - Abstract
The article reviews the book "Cyclical Change," edited by Elly van Gelderen.
- Published
- 2011
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39. Constructions and Language Change. Edited by Alexander Bergs & Gabriele Diewald.
- Author
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Juge, Matthew L.
- Subjects
LINGUISTIC change ,NONFICTION - Abstract
The article reviews the book "Constructions and Language Change," edited by Alexander Bergs and Gabriele Diewald.
- Published
- 2010
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40. Creolization as Typological Change
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Rebecca Posner
- Subjects
Literature ,Linguistics and Language ,business.industry ,Philosophy ,Creole language ,French ,Linguistic change ,Romance ,Language and Linguistics ,language.human_language ,Creolization ,Syntax (logic) ,Jargon ,Verstehen ,language ,business ,Humanities - Abstract
SUMMARY Is 'creolization' a process that differs fundamentally from other kinds of linguistic change? Recent debate centers round Bickerto/i's 'Language Bioprogram Hypothesis' (LBH), according to which a pure 'creole' is a newly-created language utilising the lexical items of an unstructured contact-language (a jargon) and the grammatical theory innate in all human beings. Linguistic 'change', on the other hand, is a more gradual process in which tradition plays a part, without sudden breakdown of inherited structures, regarded as characteristic of creolization, which occurs only in certain social conditions. Romance Creoles are here contrasted with patois, in a attempt to discern crucial differences. French completive and relative structures are examined in some detail. The conclusion is that, while some features of Romance Creoles can be seen as continuing the tendencies of non-creole Romance, others involve more radical typological change, resulting, conceivably, from a drastic switch in the way new speakers understand the structure of the language to which they are exposed. A parallel is drawn with earlier periods in Romance history. RÉSUMÉ La 'creolisation' diffère-t-elle de faÇon fondamentale du change-ment linguistique 'normal'? Cet article examine surtout l'hypothèse de Bickerton (Language Bioprogram Hypothesis) qui propose qu'un creole 'pur' se cree d'un coup a partir des elements lexicaux d'un 'jargon de contact', agences par un bioprogramme linguistique inne et universel. En revanche, la tradition jouerait un role dans le changement propre-ment dit, qui s'avere plus graduel, et ne bouleversent pas de la même fa-Çon les structures heritees. Les conditions sociales qui provoquent la creolisation seraient à specifier. On fait le contraste des Creoles et des patois, pour degager des differences fondamentales: on examine surtout la syntaxe des completives et relatives en franÇais. La conclusion: bien que quelques aspects des Creoles ne fassent que prolon-ger les tendances des autres parlers romans, il y en a d'autres qui decoulent plutot d:une alteration typologique plus radicale, ce qui in— diquerait un decalage des attitudes linguistiques au moment de l'acqui-sition de la langue heritee. On fait la comparaison avec d'autres evé-nements au cours de l'histoire des langues romanes. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Gibt es einen grundsätzlichen Unterschied zwischen 'Kreolisierung' und anderen Arten von Sprachveranderung? Der vorliegende Aufsatz un-tersucht vor allem die sog. 'Sprachbioprogrammhypothese' (Language Bio-program Hypothesis) Bickertons, derzufolge ein reines Kreol eine neuer-zeugte Sprache darstellt, die lexikalische Elemente einer unstrukturier-ten Kontaktsprache (Jargon) zusammen mit einer universellen, eingebore-nen Grammatik verbindet. Dahingegen spielt die tüberlieferung bei regu-lärem, graduellen Sprachwandel eine gewisse Rolle, ohne abruptes Zusam-menbrechen überkommener Strukturen, wie sie in Fallen der Kreolisierung als charakteristisch gelten, die nur unter gewissen sozialen Bedingun-gen stattfindet, Es wird hier zwischen romanischen Kreolsprachen und Volksmundarten (patois) unterschieden, urn grundsatzliche Unterschiede herauszustellen. Hier werden insbesondere Erganzungs- und Relativ-sätze im Franzosischen untersucht. Das Ergebnis ist, daß, obschon ei-nige Aspekte der romanischen Kreolsprachen als Weiterentwicklung von Tendenzen der nicht-kreolisierten romanischen Sprachen angesehen werden konnen, enthalten andere radikalere typologische Veranderungen, die offenbar von einem drastischen Wandel herriihren in der Art, wie die neuen Sprecher die Struktur der Sprache verstehen, der sie ausgesetzt sind. Eine Parallele wird gezogen zu früheren Epochen in den romanischen Sprachen.
- Published
- 1985
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41. Teleology/ Semeiosis, and Linguistic Change
- Author
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Michael Shapiro
- Subjects
Linguistics and Language ,Meaning (semiotics) ,Language structure ,Teleology ,Philosophy ,Historical linguistics ,Context (language use) ,Linguistic change ,Telos ,Humanities ,Language and Linguistics ,Bildung - Abstract
SUMMARY The ancient question of teleology in language change has recently been raised anew by several theorists and has been the focus of discussion at a number of conferences on historical linguistics. The pro-teleology arguments of such scholars as Anttila and Itkonen in response to the neo-positivism of Lass can be buttressed and given wider scope by recourse to the philosophy of Charles Sanders Peirce, whose theory of signs and unique concept of final cause have immediate applications to the nature of language structure and the goals of language change. Through a detailed rehearsal of Peirce's understanding of signs and semeiosis, as well as an accounting of his thoughts about efficient and final causation in the context of Aristotle's, the 'telos' of language change emerges as diagrammatization, i.e., the formation of semeiotic diagrams in which relations of meaning are mirrored by relations of form. Teleology, when viewed as an inalienable part of the ontology of language structure, is thus revealed to have the principled status of a theoretical foundation for any adequate understanding of language as a panchronic semeiotic whole. RÉSUMÉ La vieille question concernant la téléologie dans le changement linguistique a récemment été posée à nouveau par plusieurs théoriciens, et elle a été le centre d'attention dans la discussion à l'occasion de plusieurs conférénces consacrées à la linguistique historique. Les arguments 'pro-téléologiques' des érudits comme R. Anttila et E. Itkonen répondan t au néo-positivisme de R. Lass peuvent être renforcés et élargis en se servant de la philosophie de Charles Sanders Peirce dont la théorie des signes et le concept particulier de cause finale peuvent trouver des applications immédiates à la nature de la structure langagière et aux fins du changement linguistique. Moyennant une réanalyse détaillée de l'interprétation peircienne des signes et de la sémiose ainsi qu'une inclusion de sa pensée au sujet des causes efficientes et finales dans le contexte d'Aristote, le 'télos' du changement linguistique surgit comme une diagrammatisation, i.e., la formation des diagrammes sémiotiques dans lesquels des rapports de sens sont reflétés par des rapports de forme. La teleologie, si on la garde comme partie inaliénable de l'ontologie de la structure du langage, sera révélée comme ayant le rang d'une fondation théorique pour toute compréhension du langage comme un ensemble panchronique et sémiotique. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die alte Frage die Teleologie des Sprachwandels betreffend ist in jüngster Zeit wieder aufgeworfen w rden; sie war Mittelpunkt theoretischer Erörterungen anlaßlich mehrerer Konferenzen zur historischen Lin-guistik. Die pro-teleologischen Argumente, vorgebracht von Gelehrten wie R. Anttila und E. Itkonen gegen die neopositivistische Position R. Lass', können verstärkt und erweitert werden mithilfe der Philosophie von Charles Sanders Peirce, dessen Zeichentheorie und dessen einzigar-tiges Konzept finalistischer Gründe direkt angewendet werden können auf die Natur sprachlicher Strukturen und auf die Ziele des Sprachwandels. Mithilfe einer genauen Bestandsaufnahme von Peirce' Auffassung des Zei-chens und der Semeiosis, sowie durch eine Hinzunahme seiner Gedanken über effiziente und finalistischer Ursachen im Kontext des Aristoteles, erwachst das 'Telos' des sprachlichen Wandels als Diagrammatisierung, d.h. als die Bildung semeiotischer Diagramme, in denen die Relationen von Bedeutung durch Relationen von Formen widerspiegelt erscheinen. Die Teleologie, wenn sie als unveränderlicher Bestandteil des Wesens sprachlicher Struktur begriffen wird, offenbahrt sich als ein Prinzip der theoretischen Begründung jeden angemessenen Verstandnis ses der Sprache als ein panchronistisches, semiotisches Ganzes.
- Published
- 1985
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42. On the 'Rationalist' Conception of Linguistic Change
- Author
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Esa Itkonen
- Subjects
Linguistics and Language ,Philosophy ,Linguistic change ,Humanities ,Language and Linguistics - Abstract
SUMMARY Language is a social phenomenon; linguistic changes are non-nomic in character; the customary type of explanation utilized in diachronic linguistics is teleological explanation. From these three facts is follows that it is plausible to consider linguistic changes as social actions. They are explained by corresponding reasons, i.e., goals entertained by speakers and their beliefs about available means. On the one hand, reasons possess the status of (non-mechanistic) causes; on the other, actions which are means adequate to ends qualify as rational. Therefore causal explanations of linguistic changes should be more narrowly defined as rational explanations, the rationality involved being subconscious in nature. RÉSUMÉ Le langage est un fait social; les changements linguistiques sont caracterises par l'absence de nomicite; la linguistique diachronique se sert presque uniquement de 1'explication teleologique. De tout cela il s'ensuit que les changements linguistiques doivent etre consideres comme des actions sociales. lis sont expliques par les raisons correlatives, c'est-a-dire les buts adoptes par les sujets parlants ainsi que les mo-yens dont ceux-ci croient disposer. D'un cote, une action servant de moyen adequat a un but est qualifiee de rationnelle; de I'autre, les raisons remplissent la fonction des causes (non-mecaniques). Par consequence, les explications causales des changements linguistiques doivent etre definies, plus precisement, comme des explications rationnelles, la rationalite en question etant de caractere subconscient. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Sprache ist ein soziales Phanomen; Sprachveranderungen sind nicht-nomischer Natur; die diachrone Sprachwissenschaft bedient sich fast aus-schlieBlich teleologischer Erklarungen. Hieraus folgt, dafl Sprachveranderungen berechtigterweise als eine Art von sozialen Handlungen be-trachtet werden. Sie werden dadurch erklart, daß die Griinde (= 'reasons') der Sprecher, d.h. einerseits ihre Willensziele und andererseits ihre Auffassungen iiber die vorhandeneh Mittel, dargestellt werden. Griinde besitzen den Status (nicht-mechanistischer) Ursachen (= 'causes'), wohingegen diejenigen Handlungen, die geeignete Mittel zum Zweck sind, als rational gelten. Folglich miissen kausale Erklarungen von Sprachveranderungen enger als rationale Erklarungen definiert werden, wobei eine unbewuftte Art von Rationalitat angenommen wird.
- Published
- 1984
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43. Semantic Similarity between Categories as a Vehicle of Linguistic Change
- Author
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Dieter Stein
- Subjects
Linguistics and Language ,Semantic similarity ,First person ,Philosophy ,Context (language use) ,Linguistic change ,Humanities ,Language and Linguistics - Abstract
SUMMARY The paper discusses three instances of linguistic change from the history of English which seem to involve semantic similarity between linguistic categories in the pattern of internal evolution. One case concerns the generalization of a personal ending within the same person category across number categories. The second one deals with the transfer of a syntactic strategy from one person category to a semantically similar one, also involving the second person category, and the third example tries to account for the sequential diffusion of a syntactic innovation (rise of do periphrasis) through different types of w/z-question by appealing to a notion of semantic similarity to the original or most weighted context of the innovation (yes-no questions). It is argued that although semantic similarity defines directionalities of syntactic and morphological change, it is dependent on the operation of further forces, such as a motivation to generalize, to become operative in linguistic change. The paper includes a general discussion of theoretical difficulties associated with the notion 'similarity'. RÉSUMÉ L'expose discute trois cas de changement linguistique dans l'histoire de la langue anglaise dont I'évolution interne est caractérisée par des effets d'une dimension de ressemblance sémantique entre des catégories linguistiques. Le premier exemple concerne la généralisation d'un suffixe personnel d'une catégorie de nombre k l'autre au sein de la meme catégorie personnelle. Le deuxième se réfere k la transmission d'une stratégic syntaxique d'une categorie personnelle a un autre, qui lui ressemble sur le plan sémantique, en utilisant la deuxième personne. Dans le troisieme exemple donc il est essayé de qualifier la diffusion d'innovations syntaxiques, qui succèdent 1'un k l'autre (la naissance de la périphrase de do), k cause des types divers de questions partielles (qui commencent par wh) par une conception de ressemblance sémantique, de contexte de depart de l'innovation ou de contexte auquel est attachee l'importance la plus grande (questions totales). H est argumente que, bien que la ressemblance semantique determine les directionalites des changements syntaxiques et morphologiques, la ressemblance est en plus dependante d'autres facteurs (comme par exemple de la generalisation de la motivation) pour en effet declencher un procès de changment linguistique. L'expose traite egalement quelques difficultes theoriques qui resultent du concept psychologique de 'ressemblance'. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Der Aufsatz diskutiert drei Falle von Sprachwandel aus der Geschichte der englischen Sprache, deren interne Entwicklung sas Wirken einer Dimension semantischer Ahnlichkeit zwischen linguistischen Kategorien nahelegt. Das erste Beispiel betrifft die Generalisierung einer Personen-Endung inner-halb ein- und derselben Personenkategorie von einer Numeruskategorie zu einer anderen. Das zweite bezieht sich auf die Obertragung einer syntaktischen Strategic von einer Personenkategorie auf eine semantisch ahnliche unter Einbeziehung der zweiten Person. Im dritten Beispiel schließlich wird ver-sucht, die Diffusion von zeitlich aufeinanderfolgenden syntaktischen Innova-tionen (das Entstehen der doPeriphrase) durch die verschiedenen Typen von wh-Fragen durch ein Konzept semantischer Ahnlichkeit zum Ausgangskontext der innovation oder zum am starksten gewichteten Kontext zu erklaren (yes-no Fragen). Es wird argumentiert, daß, obwohl die semantische Ahnlichkeit die Direktionalitaten syntaktischer und morphologischer Veranderungen bestimmt, diese zusatzlich von weiteren Faktoren abhängig ist (wie z.B. von der Generalisierung der Motivation), um einen Sprachwandelprozess tatsachlich auszulosen. Der Aufsatz geht auch kurz auf die theoretischen Schwierigkeiten ein, die mit dem psychologischen Begriff 'Ahnlichkeit' verbunden sind.
- Published
- 1988
- Full Text
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