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Current paper analyzes the southern frontier of the state of Pará and the northern territory of the state of Maranhão, Brazil, close to the river Turiaçu and assesses its importance for the displacement of people and goods during Portuguese colonial rule and in the post-1822 Independence years. The paper investigates the strategic and political relevance of the frontier for travel and transport, correspondence and transport of goods within the context of the Brazilian Indigenes, merchants and the Portuguese and Brazilian governments. The conflicts between inhabitants and settlers are highlighted in the essay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an analytical review of the literature on the regional debates in Argentina, Chile and Uruguay on family, marriage and filiation raised around the drafting of civil codes in the last decades of the nineteenth century and its first reforms, during the first half of the twentieth century. It questions the different legal mechanisms - and the arguments on which they were based - through which the demarcations between the public and the private, the political and the intimate, the natural and the social were established and regulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The military demobilization of allied troops stationed in Paraguay and the festivities and commemorations at the end of the War of the Triple Alliance were controversial subjects and occur in the documents produced by foreign embassies and by the press in Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil. The discussion formed the imagination of journalists and political disputes between liberals and conservatives in Brazil, between 1869 and 1870. Current paper simultaneously uses contemporary official documents and newspapers to demonstrate how the theme was forwarded by the government and by the press to Brazilian society. It will also be a great help for the writing of the history of the War against Paraguay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ancestors of the Xukuru of Ororubá, Fulni-ô and Wassú, and other indigenous peoples in the northeastern region of Brazil participated in the War against Paraguay. What do documents and registers inform us on the subject? What did these populations report on the War? What is the meaning of indigenous memories on the conflict? Recent studies on the "great war" bring about a novel interpretation by going beyond the traditional points of the war, by describing the battles and the biography of war heroes. Current approach tries to understand the different phases of the conflict and the different social groups involved. Current paper discusses the indigenous history and memories on the War against Paraguay within current debates on the conflict, for a better comprehension of indigenous history in contemporary Northeast of Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aureliano Cândido Tavares Bastos was one of the protagonists in the debate on the possibility of religious freedom in 19th century Brazil. Current paper analyzes the book Cartas do Solitário and Bourdieu field concept to have an in-depth discussion on the issue and other questions of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The killing of animals for human consumption in the early 19th century was done in a rudimentary form and without any government control. Concern on the rationalization and modernization of urban spaces started to take priority. A greater intervention of sanitary authorities within social dynamics implied in the revision of several aspects on the different moments of meat production, such as conditions for breeding and killing of animals in abattoirs, new requirements on the hygiene of abattoirs, the need for centralization and control by the municipal authorities for abattoirs, control of laborers in abattoirs and the gradual displacement of abattoirs far from urban space and from the sight of the population within ethical concerns on the death of animals. Current paper analyzes the initial phase of this transforming process of abattoirs taking as example the specific case of the municipal abattoir in Ponta Grossa PR Brazil in 1888. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]