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This paper addresses the theme of communications between the province of Mato Grosso and the Atlantic through the territory of the province of Paraná, using as sources, preferably, the reports of the presidents of the two provinces, and having as a background the concerns of the Brazilian national state due to the remote and border condition of Mato Grosso. It is shown that the routes sought were initially terrestrial-fluvial and, later, rail-fluvial, and that the leaders of Paraná had a greater interest in such communications than their counterparts in Mato Grosso. In addition to envisioning the possibility of Paraná becoming the "emporium" of Mato Grosso commerce, those leaders also sought the benefits brought to their province by the central government's investments in roads to Mato Grosso. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Guianas are an important field in the Caribbean migratory system, whereby goods, objects, currencies, and populations circulate for different reasons: geographical, cultural proximity, climatic, geopolitical and socioeconomic factors. From the 1960s and 1970s, Haitian migration increased in the Guianas. Five decades later, after the January 2010 earthquake, the migratory spaces were intensified in the region, Brazil became part of them as a country of residence and transit to reach French Guiana and Suriname. In 2013, the routes were altered. Some migrants started to use the Republic of Guyana to enter Brazil through the border with Roraima, in the Amazon, or to cross the border towards Suriname and French Guiana. This article is divided into two levels. First, it describes the way in which migrants' practices and trajectories intersect national borders in the Guianas. Then, it analyzes the migratory system, documents and papers, and the problems that the different Haitian migratory generations raise in space and time. The ethnographic research is based on the Triple Border Brazil, Colombia and Peru, but also in Suriname, French Guiana and Haiti. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current paper analyzes the southern frontier of the state of Pará and the northern territory of the state of Maranhão, Brazil, close to the river Turiaçu and assesses its importance for the displacement of people and goods during Portuguese colonial rule and in the post-1822 Independence years. The paper investigates the strategic and political relevance of the frontier for travel and transport, correspondence and transport of goods within the context of the Brazilian Indigenes, merchants and the Portuguese and Brazilian governments. The conflicts between inhabitants and settlers are highlighted in the essay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three types of frontiers that may lead towards a single direction are investigated. There is the spatial frontier, apparently identifiable and material, which requires mediation of a historical construction. The textual frontier deals with theoretical developments on the theme and with the fictional production aiming at the land and its people. There is also the frontier between reality and the fantastic which frequently reveals aspects that are difficult to explain empirically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colonial chroniclers, and later historians, noticed that since colonial times, the "Brazilian being" is a man on the move. They lived on the roads like ants, one said. A society in movement, said another. Until 1850, hundreds of thousands had been forced to cross the South Atlantic. Between the mid-19th century and the first decades of the 20th century, millions crossed the Atlantic; thousands migrated by force from the north to the southeast during the boom in coffee crops. Between 1930 and 1950, hundreds of thousands moved to Paraná. During the 1940s and 50s, thousands more were forced to walk from the northeast to the southeast due to the climate. Between 1960 and 1980, nearly 40 million Brazilians moved from the countryside to the cities and from small towns to large cities, from the south/southeast to the center-north and north. These are populations in movement through space. In each movement, these populations take with them their cultural biota and cause changes to the destination biome, changing its frontiers. The territory where were live today consists of layers upon layers of landscapes built by these populations in movement through space. Plants, animals, insects, germs, techniques and memories are documents of this process that originated our cities. A hundred years ago, it was wilderness; it has been transformed into the landscape of soybean/wheat/sugarcane. Coffee came from Ethiopia, soybeans from China, wheat from Asia, and sugarcane from India. The viruses to be combated were malaria, yellow fever, impaludism. They were stationary viruses. Nowadays, viruses literally fly along with populations. The field of history can no longer renounce the dialogue between space, populations and time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]