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Purpose: To compare the short and medium-term effects of physiotherapy plus corticosteroid injection (combined) with physiotherapy alone on pain intensity, disability, Quality of Life (QoL), and treatment effectiveness in patients with Subacromial Pain Syndrome (SAPS)., Methods: In this double-blind, parallel Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT), 50 patients with SAPS were randomly assigned into combined ( N  = 25, a single injection 3-6 days before physiotherapy) and physiotherapy alone group ( N  = 25). Pain, disability, QoL, and treatment-effectiveness were measured at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 3 and 6-month follow-up with Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Shortened Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (Quick-DASH), Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) (primary outcome measure), Western Ontario Rotator Cuff (WORC), and Global Rating of Change (GRC) respectively. A 2 × 4 (group × time) mixed model analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied for analysis., Results: The ANOVA revealed statistically significant group-in-time interaction for all outcome measures ( p -value < 0.05). The independent t -test showed more effectiveness in the combined group at medium-term, as the mean scores of almost all outcome measures were substantially lesser ( p  < 0.01). Moreover, in short-time, despite a greater number of patients stating "completely recovered" in the combined group, there was no statistically significant difference between groups., Conclusions: Effects of physiotherapy plus corticosteroid injection could be more long-lasting than physiotherapy alone in improving pain intensity, disability, QoL, and treatment effectiveness in patients with SAPS., Trial Registration Number: IRCT20201010048980N1.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONShoulder pain is common, persistent, and predominantly results from subacromial pain syndrome (SAPS).Physiotherapy and corticosteroid injections are effective interventions for this condition.Comprehensive physiotherapy alone can be as effective as corticosteroid injection combined with physiotherapy in the short term.A combined approach versus physiotherapy alone may have more medium-term effects on SAPS patients' pain, disability, quality of life, and treatment effectiveness.

Objective: To test the psychometric specifications of the Persian version of the Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique (CHART) short form in an Iranian population., Design: Cross-sectional study., Subjects: Fifty-two individuals with a mean age of 49.3 years (SD 7.9, minimum 38 years and maximum 80 years), who had chronic spinal cord lesions, were included in this study. Most of them were paraplegic (88.5%) and unemployed (76.9%)., Methods: Reliability (internal consistency) of the measure was examined by applying Cronbach's alpha. In addition, validity (construct) was tested by Pearson's correlation., Results: Overall, the internal consistency of the questionnaire was found to be satisfactory (Cronbach's alpha 0.613). Regarding construct validity, the minimum and maximum significant correlations were among Physical Component Summery and Cognitive Independence (r = 0.267, p < 0.05), Vitality and Social Integration (r = -0.429, p < 0.01) respectively., Conclusion: By analyzing data regarding the psychometric specifications of the Persian version of CHART, we can conclude that this version is a valid, reliable and unique measure that can be used for spinal cord-injured individuals. As demonstrated in our preliminary study, it is easy to be filled out and is not confusing. Implications for Rehabilitation The Persian version of the CHART has been successfully validated. It can be used by those working specifically in the field of spinal cord injury and also more generally. It will enable both initial assessment and follow-up for people in Persian-speaking areas of the world.

Aim: To study long-term outcome of unilateral above-knee amputation., Objective: Long-term clinical symptoms and functional status of above-knee amputees are not well documented. The purpose of this study was to document the long-term outcome of war related above-knee amputations., Context: The study consisted of a comprehensive assessment and examination and review of history and wartime medical records of 31 Iranian above-knee amputees from the Iraq-Iran war by using a detailed questionnaire. The average follow-up was 17.5 years (range from 15 to 22 years). All patients were males and had been combatants., Results: The most common agent of war injury was a shell with an incidence of 45.1%, while land mines and direct bullet shots were the following causes of war injury resulting in amputation in 41.9% and 12.9%, respectively. Clinical symptoms included phantom sensation in 27 patients (87%), phantom pain in 14 patients (45.1%), phantom movement in 5 patients (16.1%) patients and stump pain in 20 patients (64.5%). Additionally, 19 patients (61.2%) suffered from back pain, 17 patients (54.8%) complained of contra lateral (non-amputated) knee pain and 4 patients (14.8%) complained of ipsilateral hip pain. Seventeen patients (54%) reported psychological problems. Eighteen cases (58%) were employed or had been employed for multiple years after amputation. All patients (100%) were married and 30 (96.7%) had offspring., Conclusions: The study showed that our patients had significant rates of amputation symptoms after an average of two decades of amputation, but on the other hand good family and social function of the patients were recorded. Amputation is not a static disability but a progressive deteriorating condition that affects the health condition of the amputee over time.