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Global warming caused by carbon emissions has become increasingly prominent. As the world's second-largest economy, China is under enormous pressure to cut down its carbon dioxide emissions. It is urgent to seek effective methods to forecast carbon emissions and put forward the pointed and effective measures to reduce emissions. In this paper, we first use the software Eviews to make an analysis of randomness on data of carbon emissions in the four representative provinces and city, Beijing, Henan, Guangdong, and Zhejiang, in terms of their carbon emissions data from 1997 to 2017. Then, according to their distinct characteristics, the methods of stationary processing of the difference, moving average, and substituting strong impact points, respectively, are adopted to perform the data preprocessing. Then, model identification, parameter estimation, and model test are carried out to establish the model of ARIMA(p , d, q) for the prediction of the carbon emissions of the four regions, respectively. Finally, the model is used to forecast the data and analyze their tendency for their carbon emissions in the next three years. The results can provide guidance for decision-makers to set reasonable carbon emission reduction targets and take appropriate energy conservation and emission reduction measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, natural disasters and public health events caused by global warming have occurred frequently around the world. It has become a global consensus to actively respond to climate change. Firms are the main source of greenhouse gas emissions. The disclosure of carbon information is one of the most important ways for firms to respond to climate change. The effect of female directors on carbon information disclosure is still unclear. Considering that China is the largest country in greenhouse gas emissions and the social status of females in China is different from western countries, this paper explores the effect of female directors on carbon information disclosure by firms in China. Based on the sample of listed Chinese firms in high carbon industries during the period of 2012–2017, our empirical results show that female directors have a positive association with carbon information disclosure. In addition, we find that the power, educational level, and financial background of female directors have positive impacts on firms' carbon information disclosure. Our findings make a significant contribution to the ongoing debate on the role of female directors and provide new insights and policy implications for firms, regulators, and other stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the analysis of the feature of Asian continent becoming cold in the early 21st century winter under the background of global warming, the Asian Warming Hole (AWH) index is proposed in this paper to measure the intensity during the cold events process. Result shows that the Asian continent is indeed experiencing a cold stage in the early 21st century winter, but it is just in a cold phase and will become warmer in the future. In recent years the activity of the winter cold events has an obvious quasi-four-year cycle, which can be reflected by atmospheric circulation, and AO (Arctic Oscillation) may play a very important role. It is credible that Asian surface temperature will be higher in the coming 3-4 years compared with 2011 winter, signifying that the precipitation may increase correspondingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]