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Passive worms are prone to spreading through Peer-to-Peer networks, and they pose a great threat to the security of the network. In this paper, considering network heterogeneity and the number of hops a search can reach, we propose a novel mathematical model to study the dynamics of the propagation of passive worms. For the proposed model, the basic reproduction number R0 is derived by employing the existence of the positive equilibrium. And the stabilities of the worm-free equilibrium and positive equilibrium are analyzed. Moreover, we verify the rationality of the model established by comparing the stochastic simulation with the numerical simulation. Finally, we examine the effect of the number of hops on the spread of passive worms and discuss the various immunization strategies. We find that if R0>1, the propagation speed of passive worms is accelerated with the increase of hop count d; if R0

The stability of the SIR epidemic model with information variable and limited medical resources was studied. When the basic reproduction ratio ℛ01, we obtain the sufficient conditions of the existence of the endemic equilibrium. The local asymptotical stability of equilibrium is verified by analyzing the eigenvalues and using the Routh-Hurwitz criterion. We also discuss the global asymptotical stability of the endemic equilibrium by autonomous convergence theorem. A numerical analysis is given to show the effectiveness of the main results.

Most of the current epidemic models assume that the infectious period follows an exponential distribution. However, due to individual heterogeneity and epidemic diversity, these models fail to describe the distribution of infectious periods precisely. We establish a SIS epidemic model with multistaged progression of infectious periods on complex networks, which can be used to characterize arbitrary distributions of infectious periods of the individuals. By using mathematical analysis, the basic reproduction number R0 for the model is derived. We verify that the R0 depends on the average distributions of infection periods for different types of infective individuals, which extend the general theory obtained from the single infectious period epidemic models. It is proved that if R0

For a multigroup cholera model with indirect transmission, the infection for a susceptible person is almost invariably transmitted by drinking contaminated water in which pathogens, V. cholerae, are present. The basic reproduction number ℛ0 is identified and global dynamics are completely determined by ℛ0. It shows that ℛ0 is a globally threshold parameter in the sense that if it is less than one, the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable; whereas if it is larger than one, there is a unique endemic equilibrium which is global asymptotically stable. For the proof of global stability with the disease-free equilibrium, we use the comparison principle; and for the endemic equilibrium we use the classical method of Lyapunov function and the graph-theoretic approach.

A mathematical model with stage structures is presented that incorporates the awareness stage and the decision-making stage; individuals exchange product information by two channels: mass media and interpersonal communication. When the persuasive advertisement is neglected in the decision-making stage, we find a threshold value about whether new products diffusion is successful or not. When the persuasive advertisement is considered, there must exist a positive equilibrium under some parameter condition; moreover, it must be globally asymptotically stable as long as it exists. Results show that the persuasive advertisement in the decision-making stage does not influence new products' successful diffusion, but the critical value that new products diffuse successfully decreases when the persuasive advertisement is considered. Some numerical simulations confirm our theoretical analysis and demonstrate the influence of parameters on the system. Corresponding to the analysis results, some diffusion strategies are provided.

We derive several sufficient conditions for monotonicity of eventually positive solutions on a class of second order perturbed nonlinear difference equation. Furthermore, we obtain a few nonexistence criteria for eventually positive monotone solutions of this equation. Examples are provided to illustrate our main results.

Combining the exponential dichotomy of evolution family, composition theorems for almost automorphic functions with Banach fixed point theorem, we establish new existence and uniqueness theorems for almost automorphic mild solutions to neutral parabolic nonautonomous evolution equations with nondense domain. A unified framework is set up to investigate the existence and uniqueness of almost automorphic mild solutions to some classes of parabolic partial differential equations and neutral functional differential equations.

The complex interactions among internet worms have great impact on the dynamics of worms. To contain the propagation of worms, it is necessary to characterize these interactions. Therefore, a two-worm interaction model is presented in this paper. Different from previous researches, we have considered the influence of adaptive human reaction stirred by one cooperative worm on the other worm in the model. The model’s equilibria and their stability conditions are obtained mathematically and verified by simulations. Results indicate that considering adaptive human behavior significantly changes the prospective propagation course of worms and that this consideration has implications for designing counterworm methods.

A novel deterministic SEIS model for the transmission of email viruses in growing communication networks is formulated. Interestingly, the model is different from classical SEIS models not only in the form, but also in the dynamical features. We study the equilibria and their stability and analyse the bifurcation dynamics of the model. In particular, we find that the virus-free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable for any parameter values, which may attribute to the absence of the basic reproduction number. It is shown that the model undergoes a saddle-node bifurcation and admits the bistable phenomenon. Moreover, on the basis of the Lyapunov function, the domains of attraction of equilibria are estimated by solving an LMI optimization problem. Based on the above theoretical results, some effective strategies are also provided to control the propagation of the email viruses. Additionally, our results are confirmed by numerical simulations.

We discuss the epidemic network model with infectious force in latent and infected period. We obtain the basic reproduction number and analyze the globally dynamic behaviors of the disease-free equilibrium when the basic reproduction number is less than one. The effects of various immunization schemes are studied. Finally, the final sizes relation is derived for the network epidemic model. The derivation depends on an explicit formula for the basic reproduction number of network of disease transmission models.

An SIR epidemic model with pulse birth and standard incidence is presented. The dynamics of the epidemic model is analyzed. The basic reproductive number R∗ is defined. It is proved that the infection-free periodic solution is global asymptotically stable if R∗1. Our theoretical results are confirmed by numerical simulations.

This paper is concerned with nonoscillation of second-order neutral delay differential equation with forcing term. By using contraction mapping principle, some sufficient conditions for the existence of nonoscillatory solution are established. The criteria obtained in this paper complement and extend several known results in the literature. Some examples illustrating our main results are given.

An SIR epidemic model with incubation time and saturated incidence rate is formulated, where the susceptibles are assumed to satisfy the logistic equation and the incidence term is of saturated form with the susceptible. The threshold value ℜ0 determining whether the disease dies out is found. The results obtained show that the global dynamics are completely determined by the values of the threshold value ℜ0 and time delay (i.e., incubation time length). If ℜ0 is less than one, the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable and the disease always dies out, while if it exceeds one there will be an endemic. By using the time delay as a bifurcation parameter, the local stability for the endemic equilibrium is investigated, and the conditions with respect to the system to be absolutely stable and conditionally stable are derived. Numerical results demonstrate that the system with time delay exhibits rich complex dynamics, such as quasiperiodic and chaotic patterns.

We will establish an existence and uniqueness theorem of pseudo almost automorphic mild solutions to the following partial hyperbolic evolution equation (d/dt)[u(t)+f(t,Bu(t))]=Au(t)+g(t,Cu(t)), t∈ℝ, under some assumptions. To illustrate our abstract result, a concrete example is given.