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Stem cells are becoming one of the vital sources of all tissue engineering procedures in recent days. This is mainly due to the differentiation potential of these cells. Pluripotent adult stem cells are rare and generally small in number, but they can be found in umbilical cord following the birth of a fetus, blood, and adipose tissues. Bone marrow is a rich source of adult stem cells, which have been used in treating several conditions including liver cirrhosis, chronic limb ischemia, and final stage of heart failure. Stem cells isolated from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) are a type of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), widely used for various purposes. They are also investigated for regenerative treatment. They are isolated from the remains of dental pulp tissues of physiologically shedding human deciduous teeth. Thus, these types of stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth are easy to access and are a purely non-invasive procedure. SHEDs are mesenchymal stem cells that are multipoint in nature; however, they possess distinct properties when compared to other mesenchymal cells. These types of stem cells exhibit a higher proliferative rate than bone marrow-derived cells and possess greater osteogenic differentiation potency than human dental pulp stem cells. SHEDs are first identified by Miura et al. in the year 2003. SHEDs are a heterogeneous population of multipotent cells that are isolated from dental pulp tissues remained in exfoliated deciduous teeth. SHEDs possess high proliferation potency and are capable of differentiating into any type of cell wherein they are induced. These cells are able to differentiate into dental pulp cells as well as other cells such as osteoblasts, adipocytes, and neuronal such as cells and endothelial cells. This article reviews the techniques of isolation and basic characteristics and significance of SHEDs. The intracellular signaling involved in the regulation of stem cell and differentiation ability of SHED is discussed in detail. Finally, the regenerative and therapeutic applications of SHEDs are also described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this review is to evaluate the effects of ketamine in depressed patients, which makes it a valuable research tool to identify the response and develop the next generation of fast-acting antidepressants. A growing body of preclinical research suggests that brain glutamate systems may be involved in the pathophysiology of major depression and the mechanism of action of antidepressants. The review aims to assess the treatment effects of a single dose of an N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist in patients with depression. The NMDA antagonist ketamine, fast-acting antidepressants, has consistently shown antidepressant effects within a few hours of its administration. The ketamine can exert their antidepressant effects within hours or a few days of their administration. It is a better understanding of the presumed mechanisms associated with these rapid antidepressant effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aims to study the influence of gender and locality on the attitude of adolescence toward acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Materials and Methods: A total of 100 adolescents were randomly selected from rural and urban area for this study. The age range was between 12 and 45 years with a mean age of 29 years. Attitude toward AIDS scale was used for data collection. Statistical test and findings showed no significant gender difference. Male and female showed similar attitude toward AIDS. There was a significant local effect. Results: People those who live in urban area were found to have more attitude than those who live in rural area. Among the 100 adolescents who participated, 83% of people prefer that making social awareness program will bring out a vast change in community. Knowledge of the modes of transmission was higher than about prevention. Knowledge regarding their sociodemographic characteristics and attitude regarding AIDS were obtained using schematic, pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire. The people who were mentally disabled were excluded from the study. Conclusion: Usage of mass media to deliver key messages and using pamphlets with content would improve the knowledge of AIDS and creates an awareness of AIDS among the people in rural and urban area and to help people to improve life skill of people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Hepatitis is a seditious disease of the liver. It may lead to perpetual liver injury including hepatocellular carcinoma or liver cirrhosis and may eventually lead to mortality. Health-care workers owing to their frequent interaction with patients are at a greater danger of procuring this disease. Medical students have a very significant role in stopping the disease by enlightening the knowledge about the disease among themselves and the patients they treat. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire was prepared consisting of 20 questions which was sent as an online survey to 120 medical students from various colleges across the world (multicenter study). The online survey will be created by the use of survey planet software, and at the end, all the data were collected, compiled, and analyzed for statistical difference. Results and Conclusion: The students require more knowledge and awareness not on the actual disease itself but on how to protect themselves against it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The aim is to measure the cortisol level in obese patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 patients were selected from those attending the outpatient department of Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals and divided into two groups, namely normal healthy individuals and patients with obesity, and the sample was collected and analyzed using ROBONIK ELISA READER. Results: All the data were analyzed using the SPSS package. Paired sample t-test analysis was done to find out significant differences between the two groups. All the tests were considered statistically significant at P < 0.05 level. Conclusion: The results suggest that compared with normal weight people, overweight people have higher cortisol levels in the serum. These results suggest that it might be relevant to consider cortisol and cortisone promotion in overweight people; however, the 11ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities are not abnormal compared with normal weight people. Our association study shows that less healthy family eating behavior is associated with higher body mass index (BMI) as well as higher cortisol and cortisone levels. Our findings emphasize the need for further research on the relationship between overweight/obesity in children and cortisol, cortisone, and ratio of cortisol to cortisone, as well as the influences of parent's BMI and family dietary habits on children's people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The Na/K ratio in urine stands for the dietary of sodium and potassium intake in patients with chronic kidney disease remains unclear for the renal progression. We aimed to determine the risk of progression of chronic kidney disease based on the Na/K ratio in a 24-hour urine collection. Materials and Methods: The study includes 30 chronic renal failure (CRF) patients of both sexes, diagnosed on the basis of clinical findings. The control group included 30 healthy individuals of both sexes. The cases were grouped as follows: Group I: Normal healthy controls = 30 cases. Group II: CRF cases = 30 cases. Results and Discussion: The present study was done with an aim to study of serum sodium and serum potassium in CRF patients. The comparison of serum sodium and serum potassium levels between control cases and CRF cases was found to be statistically significant. Serum sodium level decrease and serum potassium level were found elevated in CRF cases as compare to control cases. Conclusion: Serum sodium level and serum potassium level have some prognostic significance in chronic renal diseases, i.e., when patient improves, the level returns toward normal and the level rises when patient deteriorates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer worldwide. The incidence and mortality rate is increasing in developing countries as compare to developed countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different courses of chemotherapy treatment on serum biochemical profile of breast cancer patients. In the present study, 200 breast cancer patients were selected to study variations in serum biochemical level of breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: The mean values of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase [SGOT]), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase [SGPT]), and alkaline phosphatase (AP) were found to be 32.58 ± 19.7 mg/dl, 1.05 ± 0.59 mg/dl, 8.6 ± 1.3 mg/dl, 27.3 ± 4.02 U/L, 27.9 ± 10.24 U/L, and 111 ± 2 4.04 U/L before the start of chemotherapy courses. The mean values of total and direct bilirubin, total serum protein, albumin, and fasting and postprandial glucose level were 0.30 ± 1.3 mg/dl, 0.13 ± 0.11 mg/dl, 8.11 ± 0.5 g/dl, 3.5 ± 0.07 g/dl, 96 ± 25 mg/dl, and 110 ± 25mg/dl before the start of chemotherapy treatment. Results and Discussion: The level of serum blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, AP, bilirubin, and postprandial glucose level was found to be more than normal reference range; while the level of creatinine, (AST or SGOT), (ALT or SGPT), total serum protein, albumin, and fasting blood glucose level was reported to be within normal reference range during the different courses of chemotherapy. Conclusion: The present results suggest serum biochemical parameters as an important diagnostic tool in the disease monitoring and metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Coagulopathy (additionally called a bleeding disorder) is a condition in which the blood’s capacity to coagulate (form clots) is weakened. The typical clotting procedure relies on the interaction of different proteins in the blood. Coagulopathy might be brought about by decreased levels or nonappearance of blood-thickening proteins, known as clotting factors or coagulation factors. Materials and Methods: This was a poll-based examination. A questionnaire was circled among 100 medical college students from the age of 18 years ahead which included inquiries in regard to their mindfulness about what bleeding disorders was, their genuine beliefs on it. Results were acquired utilizing appropriate measurable strategies, and, in this manner, the awareness of bleeding disorders among medical students was analyzed. Results: Bleeding disorders can lead to heavy and prolonged bleeding after an injury. Hence, it is necessary that medical students are highly aware about them. Conclusion: From the survey and the responses received, it is clear that the students are now aware of the bleeding disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotics are medicines used to prevent and treat bacterial infections. New resistance mechanisms are rapidly developing and spreading globally, causing peril to our ability to treat common infectious diseases, resulting in prolonged illness, disability and worse, and death. Antibiotic resistance increases the cost of health care with prolonged stays in hospitals and requirement of more intensive care. Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria change in response to the use of these medicines. Antibiotics inhibit the important cellular processes, retarding growth and causing cell death. Antibiotic resistance is a global public health concern, which has accelerated by the overuse of antibiotics worldwide. The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance threatens the success and continuation of clinical medicine. This threat reduces the ability to successfully treat many infectious and common diseases while simultaneously exposing and increasing health risks for vulnerable patients. Coordinated efforts to implement new policies, renew research efforts, and pursue steps to manage the crisis are greatly needed to overcome this problem. This crisis is global, as it shows the overuse of antibiotics all over the world. Antibiotic-resistant infections place a substantial health and economic burden on the world health-care system and population. It can be concluded that this review article insists on the judicious use of antibiotics for a good global health-care system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is known as a group of cardiovascular risk factors associated with insulin resistance, hypertension, glucose intolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). It is a major worldwide public health problem. The aim of this study is to analyze the lipid profile status in MetS. Materials and Methods: Healthy individuals and individuals with MetS underwent serum analyzed for fasting blood sugar (FBS) by glucose oxidase-peroxidase method, serum cholesterol by cholesterol esterase-oxidase method, serum triglycerides by colorimetric enzymatic method, HDL-C by phosphotungtic acid method, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and very LDL-C (VLDL-C) were calculated by Friedwald's formula and lipid profile status was compared between the two groups. Results: All the data were analyzed using the SPSS package. The mean value of FBS, triglyceride level, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, and VLDL-C in individuals with MetS was found to be 105 ± 31.22, 151.1 ± 38.80, 191.15 ± 35.12, 20.7 ± 6.31, 140.3 ± 35.37, and 30.42 ± 6.76, respectively. Conclusion: From this study, it is evident that individuals with MetS have most of the risk factors that increase the person's risk of heart attack and stroke. Aside from the increase in waist circumference, most of the disorders associated with MetS have no symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The aim of the study was to determine the effects of pulmonary function tests in construction workers. Pulmonary function tests are valuable observations within the management of patients with the suspected respiratory disease. The construction workers are exposed to harmful dust particles frequently that have an effect on their respiratory system. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 construction workers having a minimum of 3 years exposure to construction sites were included in this study. The pulmonary function test parameters were performed in individuals using a spirometer. This study is based on clinical examination, assessment of pulmonary function test. Results: P value of forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume (FEV) 1 is highly significant. This study showed that the means that of FVC and FEV1 in construction employees were considerably high. The FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and PEF have shown a significant difference between control and construction workers. Conclusion: The current results confirmed that pulmonary function values changed significantly between exposed and non-exposed people to cement dust. Therefore, for a higher future for construction workers, some engineering control and approach are recommended to the safety and health team to control machines that are absolutely operated and consider looking into the dust concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A wide range of psychiatric and medical disorders have been hypothesized to be related to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and thus, together, to form a family of disorders known as obsessive-compulsive (or OCD) spectrum disorder. The grouping of these conditions is based on their phenomenological similarities with OCD (i.e., obsessive thinking and/or compulsive behaviors), as well as their having courses of illness, comorbidity and family history patterns, biological abnormalities, and treatment responses similar to OCD. Proposed OCD spectrum disorders have included body dysmorphic disorder, hypochondriasis, anorexia nervosa, trichotillomania, and some forms of delusional disorder, and among others. However, conditions with impulsive features have also been hypothesized to belong to this family, including impulse control disorders in general, paraphilias and nonparaphilic sexual addictions, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder, and Tourette's disorder. We review the evidence supporting the grouping of these conditions into an OCD spectrum disorder family. We conclude that these disorders are different in some ways from OCD, but that they also have many similarities with OCD, and may, therefore, be related to one another and OCD. In addition, we hypothesize that some of the differences among them may be explained in part by variation along a dimension of compulsivity versus impulsivity. Finally, because most of these conditions appear to be related to mood disorder, we hypothesize that the OCD spectrum disorder family may belong to the larger family of affective spectrum disorder. OCD is an anxiety disorder, characterized by repetitive unwanted obsessions and compulsions, with a prevalence of 0.5-1%-4% in childhood and adolescence. The exact pathogenesis of OCD remains uncertain, but multiple components such as hereditary/genetic, cognitive, biological, environmental, and behavioral factors have been implicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) play an important role in the detection of lung diseases. Lung is the main organ for respiration. Findings suggest that exposure to air conditioner (AC) work environment is risk factor for the development of respiratory dysfunction and prone to allergic disorders. The main aim of the study is to investigate lung function and prevelance of respiratory disease and symptoms among information technology professionals. Materials and Methods: Fifty information technology (IT) employees of age group between 18 and 40 years who were exposed to AC work environment, at least for 6 h per day, and 5 days a week with atleast 2 years were selected as study group (subject). 50 non-IT professionals adults aged between 18 and 40 years who were not exposed to AC work environment were selected as control group. PFT was performed, and the results were analyzed statistically. Result: The mean values for forced vital capacity (FVC) in the study group and control group were 2.73 and 3.41, respectively. This was statistically significant (<0.001). The mean values for forced expiratory volume (FEV1) in the study group and control group were 2.49 and 2.71. This was statistically significant (<0.01). The mean values for FEV1/FVC in male subjects were 90.8 and 85.7 in controls. This was not statistically significant (>0.05). Conclusion: The study shows that there was significant changes that were observed on lung function in IT workers working in the AC environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dysmenorrhea is one of the most common gynecological disorders among females. It is the leading cause of absenteeism in schools and colleges. It affects the social, academic, and sports activities of school and college going girls. The aim of the study is to explore the impacts of dysmenorrhea on academic performances among college girls. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 college girls 18-24 years volunteered for the study and asked them to answer several questions based on relevant literature. Results and Conclusion: Based on these findings, it was seen that college girl's academic performance was affected by dysmenorrhea. And hence education on the proper management of dysmenorrhea should be given to college girls, parents, and hostel administrators to address women's reproductive health needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of the study was to find the effects of Kapalbhati Pranayama on blood sugar level in diabetic patients. Introduction: Specific Yogasanas and Pranayama which can be used as a therapeutic measure in treating physical, psychological elements, endocrine, and physiological it is done for a long period of time. This has been proved by the earlier studies. Yoga is the holistic search for well-being and perfect health. This ancient heritage of India gave man the answers to his spiritual. Recently, among the general public as well as health professionals, there has been an interest in health and natural remedies and increased awareness. Managing psychosomatic and chronic degenerative disorders and overall health can be improved by yoga which is an effective and tested method. Nowadays, the life is full of stress, and stress-related disorders are common. Yoga is the panacea for modern stress discomfort. Materials and Methods: Random blood sugar level was measured in diabetic patients before and after the practice of Kapalbhati Pranayama. Moreover, data were analyzed statistically. Results: The study showed that the mean of the random blood sugar level before the practice of yoga was 164.5 and after 1 month of practice of yoga was 157.8. Moreover, it was found that study was statistically significant. Conclusion: Effect of the Kapalbhati Pranayama on the blood sugar level of borderline diabetic patients is significant. Moreover, the study concludes that regular practice of Kapalbhati Pranayama by borderline diabetics can reduce the blood sugar level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Bhastrika Pranayama called the breath of fire involves forceful inhalation and exhalation thereby helping our body in getting a rich supply of oxygen. Wheezing is simply due to narrowing or inflammation of airways. This pranayama may be helpful for those suffering from respiratory problems by supplying surplus oxygen to lungs. Thereby helping to restore the normal peak flow rate. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 wheezing patients were selected and were divided into two groups: Group 1: 15 patients not performing Bhastrika Pranayama and Group 2: 15 patients were made to perform Bhastrika Pranayama. Patients were made to blow through the peak flow meter. Their peak flow rates were tabulated and compared. Results: There is a significant increase in the peak flow rate (P < 0.005) in Group 2 patients when compared with Group 1. This is due to the influence of Bhastrika Pranayama on peak expiratory flow rate in wheezing patients who performed them. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that Bhastrika Pranayama a natural treatment can help people with wheezing to clear obstructions in their bronchioles, thereby increasing their peak flow rate and allowing an easy flow of oxygen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: C-reactive protein (CRP) is a substance produced by the liver that increases in the presence of inflammation in the body. An elevated CRP level is identified with blood tests and is considered a non-specific "marker" for disease. Hence, the aim of this study is to analyse the CRP level in obese and nonobese individuals. Materials and Methods: Patients were selected from Saveetha Dental College and were divided into two groups Group I as normal (nonobese) individuals and Group II as obese individuals. Individuals with the age group of 20-30 years and obese individuals are included in this study. Informed consent was obtained from the patient before sample collection. Then, serum was separated and analyzed to estimate the CRP by Turbilatex Method using ERBA CHEM 5 plus Autoanalyzer. Results: Paired sample t-test analysis was done to find out significant differences between the two groups. All the tests were considered significant at P < 0.05 level. In this study, we found that the mean value of CRP level is 3.48 ± 1.5 for control and 7.48 ± 1.41 for obese individuals. CRP level is statistically significant from control to obese individuals. Conclusion: Obese individuals have more CRP level than normal individuals. CRP is associated with the body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. Hence, this study will make awareness among obese individuals to maintain their BMI thereby regulating the CRP level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Depression is one of the most threatening physical and mental disorders affecting all age of people today. It causes many health issues. Aerobics is the physical exercise of low to high intensity that primarily depends on the aerobic energy-generating process. It helps to improve and prevent many serious health problems. Methods: A total of 30 depression patients were taken from the aerobics center and followed for 1 month. They are the individual with an age group of 20-60. The depression scale is taken before and after 1 month of aerobics using the Hamilton rating scale for depression (HAMD). Results: Using the values taken by the HAMD, it is proven that aerobics has an effect on depression. Conclusion: This study reveals that aerobics has a positive effect on depression in a short period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Coffee processing causes organic dust exposure which may lead to the development of respiratory symptoms. Primary coffee processing or coffee curing is done in coffee-growing countries; it involves mechanical cleaning of debris from parchment coffee, hulling, grading green coffee beans, and packing. Secondary coffee processing involves polishing, roasting, and grinding, and these processes are mainly done in importing countries. Dust from coffee-processing activities is reported to consist of large and small particles of husks, microorganisms and fungi, and endotoxin. This study assesses the lung function of coffee workers who are exposed to these dusts. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 subjects were selected and divided into two groups. 30 normal people taken as a control group and the 30 coffee workers taken as a study group and the pulmonary function tests were recorded as per standard procedure using spirometer. The parameters used to assess the lung function in the study are FVC, FEV1, PEF, and FEV1/FVC. Results: The mean of FVC was observed to be 1.98, FEV1 was 1.32, and FEV1/FVC was 66%, and P < 0.05, and it is statistically significant when compared with the control group. Conclusion: In the study, it was seen that the ventilatory function of coffee industry workers was lower when compared to the controlled group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Yoga is a physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines which is originated in ancient India. There is a broad variety of yoga schools, practices, goals, and also for people to come out of their depression. People with more stress and depression can undergo certain asanas for themselves to calm down and be in a normal posture. The study is done to evaluate the effect of Vrikshasana on depression people. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 depression patients were chosen from yoga center. Hamilton rating scale for depression (HAM-D) was used to analyze the depression level before and after Vrikshasana. Results: Using the values taken by the HAM-D, it is proven that Vrikshasana has an effect on depression. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that Vrikshasana has a positive impact on depression patients. Vrikshasana will relieve depression patients from long-term medications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A grip strength dynamometer is useful for testing your handgrip strength (HGS). Valid evaluation of hand strength can provide an objective index of general upper body strength. The power grip is the result of forceful flexion of all finger joints with the maximum voluntary force that the subject is able to exert under normal conditions. The study aims to evaluate the HGS of labors at construction site. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 individuals were taken. They were said to hold the dynamometer in the right hand not touching their body, and they were subjected to press it for around 3 s and the readings were measured. Results and Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the labor at construction site has average HGS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Menopause is the time in most of the women's lives that they live when their menstrual period stops permanently and they will be not able to give birth to a child. Menopause is associated with increased arterial stiffness and reduced muscles strength. The aim of the study is to assess the handgrip strength in menopause women. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 menopausal women were included in the study, and their handgrip strength was assessed using dynamometer. Result: The handgrip strength of the menopausal women was found to be below average. Conclusion: The Handgrip strength of the menopausal women was found to be below average as menopause does mark the time of hormonal and social change for women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]