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Objective: There is an urgent need to substantiate scientifically the roles of contemporary and native medicinal practices. This exercise will open up a new class of drugs which could be cheap, easily affordable, and with less or no side effects. Moringa oleifera or drumstick is known to a wonder herbal plant and most of its parts are used to cure various ailments. The present study deals with the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of M. oleifera seeds and to understand the molecules present therein. Methods: GC-MS was performed on the water extract of the dried seeds of the plant by standard procedures. Results: Some important biomolecules such as 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone, p-cresol, l-Norvaline, N-ethoxycarbonyl-, nonyl ester, Pentanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, ethyl ester, 1H-1,2,4-Triazole-1-carboxamide, 5-acetylamino- 3-amino-, Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzyl sulfone, beta-l-Arabinopyranoside, methyl, tetradecanoic acid, 10,13-dimethyl-, methyl ester, cyclohexane, 1-isopropyl-1-methyl-, decanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-Methylthiolane, S,S-dioxide, 4-Methyl-2,4- bis(4'-trimethylsilyloxyphenyl)pentene-, 2,4(1H, 3H)-Pyrimidinedione, 6-iodo-5-methyl-, 2-Fluoro-6-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid, and 4-nitrophenyl ester have medicinal roles comparable with the various medicinal activities of Moringa seed water extract. Conclusion: It is concluded that the Moringa seed is a potential candidate for drug designing for many diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: There is an urgent need to prove the authenticity of Ayurvedic medicines in the light of modern scientific knowledge. Methods: The present study deals with the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of one herbal oil, Kunthalakanti Thailam, to understand the molecules present there in. Kunthalakanti Thailam was bought from a standard Ayurvedic vendor from Chennai. It was processed and GC-MS analysis was done by standard procedures. Results: The GC-MS report indicated the presence of mostly fatty acids and their esters which have potent antioxidant and antiallerg ic properties such as N-Hexadecanoic acid, 2-Methyl-3-93-methyl-but-2-enyl)-enyl)-oxetane, 3, 7-decadien-2-one, and 10-(3,3-dimethoxyloxiran dimethyl-, (E, E)-, +/- which have medicinal activities which help in keeping the homeostasis of the scalp and maintain good health to hair follicles and hair. Some important biomolecules have medicinal properties supporting the validity of skin treatment with this oil. Conclusions: The presence of these biomolecules having medicinal properties supports the validity of Kunthalakanti Thailam as skin and hair health treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The present study deals with three antioxidant assays for one Ayurvedic medicine, Mahanarayana Thailam which is used to treat diseases such as arthritis, paralysis, facial palsy, hearing loss, tremors, wasting of muscles, insanity, oligospermia, female infertility, headache, psychosis, humpback, and eye diseases. Materials and Methods: 2,2’-azino-bis-3- ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP), and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays were conducted following standard protocols. Results: Mahanarayana Thailam showed very good antioxidant potential at very low concentrations in FRAP assay as compared to ABTS and DPPH assays. Conclusion: These results clearly indicate the medicinal efficacy of Mahanarayana Thailam as a very good antioxidant formula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The present study deals with the three antioxidant assays, namely, 2, 2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) by standard protocols for one Ayurvedic medicine, Drakshadi Kashayam which is used to cure a number of ailments. Materials and Methods: Drakshadi Kashayam was procured from standard Ayurvedic vendor at Chennai, India, and was subjected to GC-MS analysis following standard protocol. Results: It was observed that among the three assays, Drakshadi Kashayam indicated excellent results at very low concentrations in FRAP assay as compared to ABTS and DPPH assays which indicated moderate antioxidant activities of the medicine. Conclusion: These results clearly indicate the antioxidant potentials of Drakshadi Kashayam proving its medicinal efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Verification of the herbal plants by latest scientific tools toward understanding the molecular mechanism underlying their medicinal role is the need of the hour. Methods: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry study of water extracts of the leaves of one herbal plant, Aristolochia indica was undertaken by standard procedures and its medicinal activity was verified with the biomolecules present in it. Results: The presence of some important biomolecules such as 2-propenoic acid, ethenyl ester, oxalic acid, cyclobutyl ethyl ester, phosphoric acid, 2-chloroethenyl dimethyl ester, pentanoic acid, 2-methylcyclohexyl ester, cis-, butylphosphonic acid, butyl cyclohexylmethyl ester, octadecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester, acetic acid, cesium salt and 2-Fluoro-6-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid, 4-nitrophenyl ester, and some others indicate represents the medicinal roles of this plant as is reported ethnopharmacologically. Conclusions: The results and discussion above clearly indicate that the various molecules present in A. indica leaf extracts do have medicinal roles ascribed to it and further work in this regard is on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The present work deals with the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis of Ksheerabala Thailam which is an Ayurvedic oil used for the treatment of Vata disorders such as neuromuscular pains, sciatica, spondylitis, paralysis, myalgia, for nerve regeneration, cataract, earache, and headache. Materials and Methods: Ksheerabala Thailam was bought from a standard Ayurvedic vendor at Chennai and subjected to GC–MS analysis by standard procedures. The medicinal roles of the biomolecules indicated in the GC–MS profile were screened for their various medicinal roles using Dr. Duke’s phytochemical and ethnobotanical data and other data. Results: GC–MS profile of the Ksheerabala Thailam indicated the presence of important biomolecules such as n-Hexadecanoic acid, 15-Hydroxypentadecanoic acid, Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester, (3-Fluorophenyl)carbamic acid, 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl ester, Hexadecanoic acid, 1-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2-ethanediyl ester, Hexadecanoic acid, 2-(octadecyloxy)ethyl ester,. gamma.-Tocopherol, and gamma.-Sitosterol; these molecules do have medicinal roles which relate to that of Ksheerabala Thailam. Conclusions: It is concluded that Ksheerabala Thailam, which is an important Ayurvedic medicine, does contain some very important molecules showing its efficacy. Further research is required for a better understanding of the medicinal roles of Ksheerabala Thailam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study aims to know the types of biomolecules present in Eladi Kera Thailam and to correlate their possible medicinal roles supporting Eladi Kera Thailam’s role as medicine. Methods: Eladi Kera Thailam was bought from a standard Ayurvedic vendor at Chennai and subjected to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis by standard procedures. The medicinal roles of the biomolecules indicated in the GC/MS profile were screened for their various medicinal roles using Dr. Duke’s phytochemical and ethnobotanical data and other data. Results: The presence of some important biomolecules such as dodecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester, dodecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester, octadecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester, and dodecanoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester does have medicinal roles which contribute to Eladi Kera Thailam as a medicine for skin ailments. Conclusions: The GC/MS profile indicated the presence of some important biomolecules which have medicinal properties contributing to the role of Eladi Kera Thailam as a skin cure medicine. The study is a step in the direction of understanding the molecular mechanism of contemporary and alternative medicines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The present study deals with the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis of an Ayurvedic oil Triphaladi Thailam, which is used to treat spilt hair, headache, sinusitis, and rhinitis and also for diseases related to neck, eyes, ear, and throat and to understand the molecular roles of this medicine. Methods: Triphaladi Thailam was bought from a standard Ayurvedic vendor at Chennai and subjected to GC–MS analysis by standard procedures. The medicinal roles of the biomolecules indicated in the GC–MS profile were screened for their various medicinal roles using Dr. Duke’s phytochemical and ethnobotanical data and other data. Results: GC–MS profile of the Triphala Rasayana indicated the presence of important biomolecules such as 2-[4-methyl-6-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)hexa-1,3,5-, á-Sitosterol, 1-Monolinoleoylglycerol trimethylsilyl ether, 1H-2,8a-Methanocyclopenta[a]cyclopropa[e]cyclodecen-11-one, and oleic acid. Conclusions: It is concluded that Triphala, which an age-old multipurpose folklore medicine does have a scientific efficacy. Further research is required for a better understanding of the medicinal roles of Triphaladi Thailam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The present study deals with the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis of an anti-obesity Ayurvedic medicine, Lohasava. Methods: Lohasava was bought from a standard Ayurvedic vendor at Chennai and subjected to GC–MS analysis by standard procedures. The medicinal roles of the biomolecules indicated in the GC–MS profile were screened for their various medicinal roles using Dr. Duke’s phytochemical and ethno-botanical data and other data. Results: The GC–MS profile of Lohasava indicated the presence of important biomolecules such as butanoic acid, 3-hydroxy-, ethyl ester, phenylethyl alcohol, ethyl hydrogen succinate, thymol, 4-hydroxy-2-methylacetophenone, hydrocinnamic acid, 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl-beta-phenylpropionate, bisphenol C, benzeneethanamine, 2,5-dimethoxy-alpha.,4-dimethyl-and piperine. Conclusions: It is concluded that Lohasava does have a scientific efficacy toward its claimed role as a medicine in Ayurveda. Further research is required for a better understanding of the medicinal roles of Lohasava. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The present work deals with the gas chromatography (GC)–mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of Drakshadi Kashayam, which is used in the treatment of Panduroga (anemia), jaundice, and diseases caused due to imbalance in Pitta (bile) consistency. Methods: Drakshadi Kashayam was bought from a standard Ayurvedic vendor at Chennai and subjected to GC–MS analysis by standard procedures. The medicinal roles of the biomolecules indicated in the GC–MS profile were screened for their various medicinal roles using Dr. Duke’s phytochemical and ethnobotanical data and other data. Results: GC–MS profile of Drakshadi Kashayam indicated the presence of important biomolecules such as carbonic acid, pentyl phenyl ester, bisphenol C, histamine, N-benzoyl-2-cyano-, o-Methoxy-.alpha.-phenethylamine, benzenethanamine, 3,4-dimethoxy-.alpha.-methyl-, cis-Z-.alpha.-Bisabolene epoxide, and 1,3-Dimethoxy-5-(1-methyl-heptyl)-benzene which have medicinal roles supporting the efficacy of Drakshadi Kashayam as a liver tonic. Conclusions: It is concluded that Drakshadi Kashayam, which is an important Ayurvedic medicine, does contain some very important molecules showing its efficacy. Further research is required for a better understanding of the medicinal roles of this medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The present work deals with the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of Kutajarishtam which is used in the treatment of diarrhea, dysentery, irritable bowel syndrome, Crohn’s disease, hemorrhoids, etc. Materials and Methods: Kutajarishtam was bought from a standard Ayurvedic vendor at Chennai and subjected to GC-MS analysis by standard procedures. The medicinal roles of the biomolecules indicated in the GC-MS profile were screened for their various medicinal roles using Dr. Duke’s Phytochemical and ethnobotanical data and other data. Results: GC-MS profile of Kutajarishtam indicated the presence of important biomolecules such aso-Acetyl-L-serine, 4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-, 2-Furanethanol., beta.-ethoxy-, Acetic acid, 1-(2-hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl)-3-methoxymethoxy-2-methyl-propyl ester and Cyclohexan-1,4,5-triol-3-one-1-carboxylic acid which have medicinal roles which correlated well with that of Kutajarishtam. Conclusions: It is concluded that Kutajarishtam, which is an important Ayurvedic medicine, contains some very important molecules showing its efficacy. Further research is required for a better understanding of the medicinal roles of this medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Anuthailam, an Ayurvedic oil used for the treatment of diseases related to the brain, nose, sinus, eyes, head, neck, shoulders, and arms. Anuthailam is subjected to Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis to understand the molecules present therein. Materials and Methods: Anuthailam was bought from a standard Ayurvedic vendor at Chennai and subjected to GC-MS analysis by the standard procedures. The medicinal roles of the biomolecules indicated in the GC-MS profile were screened for their various medicinal roles using Dr. Duke’s Phytochemical and ethno-botanical data and other data. Results: GC-MS profile of the Anuthailam indicated the presence of important biomolecules such as 15-Hydroxypentadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester, trans-13-Octadecenoic acid, 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester, 1-Heptatriacotanol., gamma.-Tocopherol, (3-Fluorophenyl)carbamic acid, 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl ester, Stigmasterol, Hexadecanoic acid, 1-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2-ethanediyl ester, etc. Conclusions: It is concluded that Anuthailam, does have a scientific efficacy toward its claimed role as a medicine in Ayurveda. Further research is required for a better understanding of the medicinal roles of Anuthailam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The scientific validation of ethnopharmacologically important herbal plants by latest techniques is necessary to understand their medicinal efficacy. Methods: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry study of one herbal plant, Dodonaea viscosa var. angustifolia was undertaken by standard procedures and its medicinal activity was verified with the biomolecules present in it. Results: The presence of some important biomolecules such as catechol, N-benzyl-2-phenethylamine, acetic acid, 4-oxocyclohexyl ester, 4-amino-3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole, 1,1'-methylene-bis(di-2-propenylamine), inositol, alanine, N-methyl-N-methoxycarbonyl-, hexyl ester, 1,3-dioxolane, 2-methyl-2-pentyl-, cyclohexane, 1-methyl-3-(1-methylethenyl)-, cis-, phthalic acid, di(2,3-dimethylphenyl) ester, heptafluorobutyric acid, 2-naphthyl ester, and 2-fluoro-6- trifluoromethylbenzoic acid, 4-nitrophenyl ester has biochemical properties which represent the ethnomedicinal roles of this plant. Conclusions: The presence of these biomolecules having medicinal properties supports the validity of the medicinal roles of D. viscosa var. angustifolia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Scientific efficacy evaluation of herbal plants for their medicinal roles is needed to establish their importance in medical science. The present study deals with the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of one medicinal plant, Stachytarpheta indica. Methods: The GC-MS study of water extracts of the leaves of one herbal plant, S. indica was undertaken by standard procedures and its medicinal activity was verified with the biomolecules present in it. Results: The presence of some important biomolecules such as sulfurous acid, 2-ethylhexyl hexyl ester, and pentanoic acid has medicinal roles such as acidifier, arachidonic acid inhibitor, and increase aromatic amino acid decarboxylase activity. N-t-Butylpyrrole, 1-hexanol, 4-methyl-, 3-methyl-2-(2-oxopropyl)furan, butanoic acid, 3-methyl-, 3,7-dimethyl-6-octenyl ester, hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, 11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid, methyl ester, 2-methylheptanoic acid and 2-propenoic acid, 3-(dimethylamino)-, methyl ester, etc., have very important medicinal roles which correlate well with the medicinal role of the plant. Conclusions: The results and discussion above clearly indicate that the various molecules present in S. indica leaf extracts do have medicinal roles ascribed to it and further work in this regard is on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The present study deals with the preliminary phytochemical and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of different leaf extracts of one medicinal Carissa carandas. Materials and Methods: The phytochemical and GC- MS study of one medicinal plant, C. carandas was done as per standard protocols to correlate its medicinal activity with the biomolecules present in it. Results: The methanol extract of C. carandas indicated the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids, whereas flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and steroids were present in hexane fraction. Alkaloids, saponins, proteins, and triterpenoids were present in aqueous extract. The GC-MS analysis of hexane and aqueous leaf extracts indicated the presence of some important biomolecules such as pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-, methyl ester, 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, (Z, Z, Z)-, Phytol, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, Squalene, Octasiloxane, 1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9,11,11,13,13,15,15- hexadecamethyl, beta.-Sitosterol, 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, 2-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]-1-[[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]methyl] ethyl ester, (Z, Z, Z)-Acetamide, N-methyl-N-[4-(3-hydroxypyrrolidinyl)-2-butynyl]-, 5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraenoic acid, methyl ester, (all-Z)-, and 6-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, (Z). Conclusions: The presence of these molecules augurs well with the medicinal properties attributed to this plant ethnobotanical. Further work is in progress toward understanding this plant's role as a medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]