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The path to achieve an increased use of renewable energy requires that the technical, political, and economic challenges are addressed in an integrated way. The objective of this paper is to present such socio-technical integration through the analysis of lessons learned in renewable energy in Puerto Rico. The pitfalls in the renewable energy market from technical, social and market acceptance perspectives are presented, as well as the main lessons on needed characteristics: a clear selection process of renewable energy suppliers to ensure socially and technically suitable projects, consistency in administrative decisions to achieve trust among stakeholders, effective inclusion of local communities for social acceptance, and transparency in establishing technical interconnection requirements. Considering the obstacles in the large-scale renewable market in Puerto Rico, distributed energy is presented as viable alternative that can better address social and technical challenges of renewable systems in tropical locations, in particular community microgrids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the conditions for the implementation of wind energy in airport facilities, considering safety and requirements according to international standards related to free airspace for aircraft can enter and leave it in a safe, also known as the aeronautical easements. Other particular aspects of an airport are also analyzed, such as marking and signaling, the affection of the environment, the quality of the electric supply, the characteristics of the wind resource and the economic constraints. With such data, this paper seek to lay the technical precedents that an engineer should consider to design a wind power facilities in airports, due to existing papers do not focus on the great potential of this type of locations for wind facilities because of the special conditions that have this type of transport infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main developments in offshore wind power are focused on wind turbines with foundations on seabed. However, there exist important limitations for installing these structures exist in places with high depth within short distance from the coast. This means that the progress of offshore wind energy around the world is tied to the development of safety and low cost floating platforms for renewable energy offshore devices . Therefore, the first aim of this paper is to know which alternatives exist for a floating offshore wind farm establishment and design parameters are independent or dependent of platform configuration. In order to evaluate each alternative, the request inversion for each configuration has been analysed. From this point of view, the conclusion is that a string configuration for the electrical network is better than a star configuration. With regard to maintenance, it would be better to have a proper vessel only if the number of trips is more than three. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]