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The study investigates the main characteristics humus of aquasoils (organic carbon, type of humus, content of humic and fulvic acids, E4/E6, acid-base properties, total nitrogen) in the Ussuri Bay shelf zone of the Sea of Japan. A strong (close) relationship is observed in organic carbon with carbon of humic acids and carbon of non-hydrolysable residue. The average content of organic carbon throughout the entire water area of the Ussuri Bay was 0.91%. Most of the water area of the Ussuri Bay is represented by a humate type of humus.

Recently mixed-up complex and large shopping and entertainment centers have started to appear beyond the Arctic Circle more often, therefore the impact of vehicles located in these areas on the ambient air of the city is of particular interest. The article is considering atmosphere air pollution in the area of open car-parks of such centers in Murmansk, located in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The article describes the characteristics of the two largest shopping and entertainment centers in the city, which have open car parks at their territory. There are pedestrian zones near the car parks, and the main flow of visitors is forced to pass through the territory to get to the shopping and entertainment center, being exposed to the influence of car emissions. Parallel measurements of NO2 and CO content in the ground layer of the atmosphere on the territory of open parking lots were carried out. It was found that the distribution of NO2 and CO on the territory of car parks is uneven and depends on the presence of traffic lights, pedestrian crossings, artificial unevenness, proximity to the road, year season and other factors. The measurements were taken during the coronavirus pandemic, when grocery stores in shopping and entertainment centers became the main places of people and vehicles congestion.

The article examines the positive and negative aspects of the use of personal mobility devices on the road network in the Russian Federation in the period from 2018-2023. The advantages of vehicles with an electric motor are analyzed, such as environmental friendliness, comfortable parking conditions, ease of movement over short distances, time saving and physical activity. On the other hand, the study also highlights the risks of traveling on these means, such as accidents, increased risk of injury, lack of safe infrastructure, lack of driving style and seasonality. After studying the statistics of road accidents in which personal mobility devices were involved, problems were identified at the legislative level associated with driving on devices equipped with an electric motor in road cases. In addition, options were proposed to reduce accidents and ensure safe traffic on the road network in the context of the amendments introduced on March 1, 2023, such as increasing the level of awareness regarding traffic safety on road infrastructure, using equipment for certain vehicles and following safety precautions.

Ensuring human life in harsh cold climate conditions is one of the priority objectives for the development of the Arctic states. Among numerous building structures used in the construction of energy-efficient buildings, wood-frame panels occupy one of the leading places in the world. They have inherent positive characteristics such as versatility, manufacturability, lightness, high thermal protection qualities and relatively low cost. The main features include a high dependence of their fire resistance and energy efficiency on the choice of materials and structures. In the paper to improve energy efficiency and fire resistance of timber-frame buildings the method of two-layer thermal insulation in permanent formwork made of non-combustible glass magnesite boards with the use of heterogeneous thermal insulation materials is proposed. These include polystyrene foam with a low coefficient of thermal conductivity and non-combustible insulating foam concrete. To substantiate the increase of energy efficiency of the enclosing structures, the results of thermal calculation are given, thermograms of field inspection of the quality of thermal insulation are shown. At rational selection of materials and construction the energy efficiency of the offered multilayer wooden-frame wall (thermal resistance 5.66 (m2 × °C)/W) is increased almost two times (by 1.82) in comparison with a single-layer wall from monolithic foam concrete of similar buildings in conditions of St. Petersburg. The results of experimental research on improving the technology of obtaining heat-insulating foam concrete with improved indicators of shrinkage deformation, strength and curing processes are presented.

In the context of global climate change and urbanization, the issue of air quality is becoming increasingly relevant. Air pollution poses a threat to human health and ecosystems, highlighting the need for monitoring the concentrations of pollutants. This study examines the seasonal variations in the concentrations of harmful substances in the urban atmosphere using statistical methods. The aim of the research is to analyze time series data on concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), ammonia (NH3), and particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10). Correlation and factor analysis are employed to assess the relationships between pollutants and identify underlying factors. The analysis of data collected over several years emphasizes seasonal changes, showing that pollutant concentrations are subject to significant fluctuations driven by both natural and anthropogenic factors. The results can be used to develop strategies for improving air quality and predicting the health impacts of pollution on the population. This research deepens the understanding of the dynamics of atmospheric pollution and its seasonal dependence, which is important for shaping environmental policy and management decisions.

In this study, a detailed analysis of a dataset related to electricity consumption under various conditions was conducted. The dataset includes comprehensive information such as indoor temperature at the time of data recording, humidity levels, room size, number of people present, use of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, lighting, day of the week, and the presence of holidays. This extensive coverage of factors provides an opportunity for a deep understanding of the relationships between electricity consumption and different variables. Several significant patterns were identified during the analysis. One key finding was the detection of a connection between temperature readings and electricity consumption, confirming the importance of temperature conditions in energy usage. A correlation was also found between energy consumption, HVAC system use, and humidity levels, indicating the substantial impact of these factors on overall electricity consumption. Other factors such as lighting use, holidays, renewable energy sources, and the day of the week also proved significant during factor analysis. These results were further validated using Self-Organizing Maps (SOMs), which demonstrates the reliability of the identified patterns. However, when attempting to model the data, the results were less satisfactory. The models showed only marginal improvement when combining methods, suggesting the need for further work. To achieve more accurate and reliable results, it is recommended to supplement the dataset with additional information or apply more sophisticated analytical methods. These steps will help improve model quality and more effectively utilize the identified patterns for forecasting and optimizing electricity consumption.

The study investigates the comparative analysis of biochar from vegetable raw materials and paper. The analysis revealed that biochar from the raw materials we studied showed that biochar has an alkaline reaction of the medium, which means it can be used on acidic soils. The study found that according to the content of nitrogen and phosphorus, the studied material can be used on soils as an organic fertilizer. In general, it can be said that the most effective fertilizer, according to preliminary estimates, will be biochar from Ahnfeltia tobuchiensis and a mixture of perennial grasses, due to the high content of nitrogen and phosphorus. The use of biochar from various raw materials sources can become the basis for climate projects and the creation of its own carbon markets in the agricultural sector of the Russian Federation.

The present work is devoted to the study of heat fluxes from a heating surface into a liquid during single vapor bubble growth. The experiment was conducted as part of the RUBI (Reference mUltiscale Boiling Investigation) boiling project implemented on the International Space Station between 2019 and 2021. Since microgravity increases the spatial and temporal resolution of the problem, this made it possible to study in detail the processes of heat and mass transfer in the area of a three-phase contact line. The paper presents a developed algorithm for determining heat fluxes and the amount of heat transferred from various zones at different experimental parameters: from the contact line area, from the centre under the bubble and from the liquid-vapor interface. In particular, it is shown that it is in the area of the contact line that the maxima of heat fluxes are observed and that evaporation from this area makes a significant contribution to the growth of the bubble (about 50%).

Spectral plant phenology, based on time series of vegetation indices, is a useful tool for monitoring vegetation condition and climatic changes. The chlorophyll/carotenoid index (CCI) and photochemical reflectance index (PRI) show promise for spectral phenology of coniferous plants. This study evaluates the potential of using CCI, PRI, and the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) as phenological metrics for Platycladus orientalis. The study found a strong correlation between the annual dynamics of the chlorophyll/carotenoid ratio (Chl/Car) and the time series of CCI (R2 = 0.89, p < 0.001) and PRI (R2 = 0.85, p < 0.001). The CCI time series was used to determine the beginning and end of the phenological vegetation period (PVP) of P. orientalis through a double logistic regression model. The PRI model had an error of approximately two weeks in predicting the beginning and end of the PVP, with a tendency to overestimate the duration of the PVP. The use of NDVI as a model is unsuitable for describing the P. orientalis 2023 PVP.

The paper presents an assessment of soil protection from erosion by forest strips on the experimental fields of the scientific unit of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Kursk FARC" (Medvensky district, Kursk region). The soil is leached chernozem (Chernozems leached), mediumthick, heavy loam on loess-like loams, slightly eroded. Poplar forest strips located in the lower part of the slopes of northern exposure, at the transition of slopes 3–40, were chosen as anti-erosion linear boundaries. To determine the soil absorption capacity, the method of sprinkling drainage areas was used. When carrying out sprinkling, forest litter was removed from the soil surface. The steady-state rate of soil absorption under field conditions was obtained to be the same within the error and amounted to, on average, 0.34±0.02 mm/min. The steady-state rate of absorption in a forest belt of twenty years of age is higher by 75.0% than in the field and by 15.1% than in a poplar forest belt with a tree stand of 40 years of age. The anti-erosion complex fulfills the task of strengthening the soil-protective role of the farming system.

The paper presents the results of assessing the effectiveness of a complex feed additive based on halloysite for experimental T-2, afla- and zearalenone toxicosis of white rats in terms of survival, changes in clinical condition, enzyme status of blood serum and spleen ultrastructure. The results presented in the article confirmed the danger of the combined effects of mycotoxins on the body of white rats. The presence of mycotoxins in the feed led to the death of 30.0% of rats with a change in the clinical condition of the surviving animals, a significant increase in the serum levels of aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase and gamma-glutamyltransferase, as well as changes in the ultrastructure of the spleen. A normalizing effect of a food additive based on halloysite on the studied parameters in experimental combined mycotoxicosis was noted, which was manifested by 100% survival of rats, less pronounced changes in the enzyme status and a protective effect on the ultrastructure of the spleen. This makes it promising for further comprehensive research on productive animal species with the prospect of implementation in animal husbandry as an effective means of preventing combined mycotoxicoses.

This study explores the introduction of alternative components into the formulation of a semi-finished biscuit product to adjust the production technology. The experiment involved preparing a thick mass from aquafaba of green peas, a two-stage baking process at different temperature conditions, and cooling the finished product in both an oven and workshop conditions. Three formulations of a vegan semi-finished biscuit were developed with varying ratios of oatmeal and almond flour: 8:13, 15:7, and 13:8. The optimal ratio was found to be 13:8. The resulting semifinished biscuit product exhibited a pleasant, balanced flavor profile, a golden uniform color, and a soft, elastic, and non-crumbling consistency. The use of alternative raw materials reduced the energy value, increased protein and fat content, decreased carbohydrate content, and improved the fiber, vitamin, and mineral composition of the product.

The study analyzed the thermal performance of enclosing structures made of: polystyrene concrete, heat block, arbolite blocks, foam concrete and aerated concrete. The calculation of heat losses was carried out using finite element methods, in the software package “Elcut”. The results of the study showed that the enclosing structure in the form of a wall consisting of aerated concrete blocks will be most effective in terms of heat conservation. In order to identify the most affordable and economical material for the construction of a house with an estimated area of 100 m2, an enlarged calculation was carried out, including determining the cost of building material necessary for the construction of an enclosing structure. According to the calculation results, the most expensive technologies turned out to be construction options from aerated concrete blocks and a heat block. The house made of wood-mineral composites (arbolite) turned out to be the most inexpensive. The materials of the work can be used by developers in the selection and justification of materials for wall structures of low-rise construction.

The paper describes studies to assess the impact of high-intensity mining of flat-lying coal seams in difficult mining and geological conditions on the stability of reused development workings. A scheme for computer modeling of changes in the stress-strain state of a layered carbon rock mass, including development workings, at different positions of the working face is proposed. For the conditions of one of the operating mines of the Pechersk coal basin (Komi Republic, Russia), numerical experiments were carried out using the finite element method in the MIDAS / GTS NX software package. To describe changes in the geomechanical state of the described mining system, the Coulomb–Mohr criterion was used. The results of numerical studies made it possible to estimate the displacement values of the boundary areas of the development mine workings as the working face advances. The obtained estimates are confirmed by data from mine instrumental observations.

This study examines the genetic structure of sockeye salmon populations in Kuril lake basin, focusing on the allelic frequencies of SNP loci that potentially carry an adaptive load. Our results reveal the division of sockeye salmon populations into three distinct groups: early river sockeye salmon and two groups of littoral sockeye salmon from the southern and northeastern shores of the lake. This division is supported by the genetic data, which shows that the populations are genetically distinct and have distinct allelic frequencies. Additionally, our analysis reveals that the neutral structure of the population is rather shallow, with only minor differences found between the two ecotypes of sockeye salmon - stream and littoral. These findings suggest that the genetic differences between the populations are primarily driven by adaptive processes, rather than neutral genetic drift.

The volume of cargo turnover increases annually, while new large companies appear on the market, which, unlike transport companies, can boast of having their own transport and logistics centers, which gives independence and the opportunity for independent improvement. But at the same time, a sharp increase in the number of vehicles and low road capacity leads to delays in deliveries, which is especially important when transporting food and other goods with a limited shelf life. The situation is aggravated by the workload of logistics centers, the presence of toll booths and crossings on transportation routes, as well as increased taxes and fuel costs. All this is reflected in the added value and competitiveness of the company as a whole. Meanwhile, all these factors have a negative impact on the environment, the amount of waste and harmful emissions increases, which should not be left without due attention. Therefore, at the moment there are prerequisites for a wider use of rope transport for the transportation of goods, namely for the transportation of consumer goods at the level of transport and logistics centers. In the course of the study, the main conditions of application and possible ways of combined use of rope transport were determined. As a result, a mathematical model of the feasibility study was obtained and the optimization function of the transport and logistics terminal with the use of an overhead cable car was determined according to the criterion of total unitcosts.

For sustainable development of the Russian construction complex it is necessary to increase labour productivity. All research related to labour productivity is a topical task for companies and the state as a whole. In order to analyse the indicators of labour productivity efficiency in capital repairs, the data on the normative labour intensity of Germany and Austria, which occupy leading positions in terms of labour productivity per working hour of time, were analysed. This study considers the labour costs of construction workers involved in various technological processes in major repairs in Russia and EU countries. Also, in this work a comparative analysis of actual and normative indicators of labour productivity in Russia and EU countries is carried out. As a result of this work the result was obtained, showing the absence of stable correlation between labour inputs for a set of work processes. In connection with the obtained results, it was suggested that it is possible to identify stable relationships as a result of grouping technological processes by various parameters, which in turn will allow to identify the presence and levels of influence of assumed factors on productivity change for different countries. Labor productivity and labor costs are influenced by technological processes. major repairs.

In modern organizations, the use of automated platforms play a key role in optimizing electronic document management and systems analysis. This paper discusses effective electronic document management and systems analysis using an automated platform. Implementation of the development is of great importance for the company, as it helps to speed up and simplify the process of document processing, reduces the time of orders and requests, and prevents errors. In addition, the implementation of such systems can reduce personnel costs and manual processes, ensuring more efficient execution of tasks and increasing the scale of the company. The development of the system is carried out to increase the speed of document flow, resulting in increased efficiency of the company and increased business volumes.

The introduction of automated information systems (AIS) in ship repair companies brings numerous advantages, including: AIS allows ship repair companies to increase their competitiveness, improve the quality of service and ensure long-term success in the industry. The successful implementation of AIS requires careful planning, staff training and investments in information infrastructure. It is important to ensure the active participation of management, cooperation of stakeholders and regular monitoring of implementation results. The introduction of AIS into ship repair companies leads to increased efficiency, lower operating costs, improved reliability and safety of ships, and provides valuable analytical information for making informed decisions.

The results of the study of hydrodynamic and mass transfer parameters of a stirred bioreactor during gas dispersion from the cavity of an open vortex to the area with reduced pressure in the liquid behind the impeller paddles are presented. New data were obtained on gas content, dispersed composition of gas bubbles, stirring power, and intensity of mass transfer in the air-water system, aqueous solutions of sucrose and glycerol of various concentrations and with different content of surfactants. The dependence of the stirring power on the gas content and Reynolds number, as well as the mass transfer coefficient on the boundary surface and energy dissipation, have been established. It is assumed that when calculating the dissipation of energy spent on developing a boundary surface, it is necessary to take into account the influence of viscous friction forces in the liquid. Dispersion of gas into liquid through an open vortex cavity in a stirred bioreactor allowed to increase the gas content, the boundary surface and to intensify mass transfer compared to conventional aeration systems.

The article presents a solution to the problem of determining the impact of noise level on a residential low-rise building near a railway line, based on initial data. Based on the initial data, the author found the analytical value of the existing sound pressure level by considering factors such as the number of train pairs and types of trains, speed, and distance to the axis of the outermost track to the object under study. The analysis focused on the existing measures employed for noise protection and reduction. The author suggested an optimal set of measures for this location. To assess the efficacy of the implemented solutions, the author devised a sequence of analyzes. The author provides the conclusion and analysis of the most effective and economically workable measures.

The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of Cotoneaster lucidus Schlecht. in the forest park area of Yekaterinburg (Russia) based on population (age and vitality structure) and organismal parameters (morphometric indicators). The purpose of the study is to analyze the invasive activity of Cotoneaster lucidus Schlecht. in the Kalinovsky Forest Park in Yekaterinburg. Plants in the habitat are presented in the form of geoxyl bush. In the Age structure, two periods have been identified - pregenerative and generative, and six ontogenetic states. All habitats are at the stage of colonization, exclusively in forb pine forests with a canopy density of 0.6-0.7. The main route of penetration of the brilliant cotoneaster into the Kalinovsky Forest Park is artificial plantings along the paths, near equipped recreation areas. Its spread was facilitated by the presence of edible, long-lasting fruits on the shoots, which provided food for many species of birds. The established features indicate the high potential of the species and successful naturalization.

The purpose of the study is to assess the physiological and antioxidant parameters of sunflower seedlings under osmopriming. Two series of experiments were carried out aimed at: 1) establishing the viability of seeds; 2) assessment of physiological parameters of seedlings. Each experiment included a group of control samples grown under conditions of sufficient moisture and four impact groups exposed to varying levels of osmotic stress. The intensity of accumulation of lipid peroxidation products and the rate of accumulation of reactive oxygen species were determined based on the reaction of malondialdehyde with thiobarbituric acid. Catalase activity was determined photocolorometrically by the interaction of hydrogen peroxide with potassium iodide, the content of chlorophylls a (Cl a) and b (Cl b), carotenoids (Car) - spectrophotometrically in an acetone extract. It has been established that as a result of increasing moisture deficiency, the energy of seed germination decreases in proportion to the increase in the concentration of the osmotic solution. When stress increases to 3.5 atm, seed germination decreases by 29%, and to 8 atm – by 64%. A linear relationship was revealed between the inhibition of the photosynthetic system and the stress factor of moisture deficiency, expressed in a decrease in Cl a by 60% relative to the control with osmopriming of 8 atm. It has been established that a slight decrease in the moisture supply of the substrate causes oxidative stress of cells, as evidenced by a linear increase in malondialdehyde with increasing moisture deficiency. At the same time, antioxidant protection is provided by the enzyme catalase, the concentration of which increases with increasing drought, while low-molecular carotenoids have an indirect effect on the provision of protective antioxidant mechanisms - there is a trend of increasing Cl a + Cl b / Car with a decreasing Cl a / Cl b.

In Russia, a large number of different legumes are grown, such as soybeans, chickpeas, lentils, beans, which are a valuable source of protein. In the context of the global climate agenda and sustainable development goals, the world community has taken the vector of transforming the population’s diet towards reducing animal products and increasing the share of products based on plant materials. This paper presents the results of experiments on the fermentation of 8 types of legume raw materials, including soybeans, chickpeas, mung beans, black lentils, green lentils, red lentils, peas, to obtain a food product. An assessment was made of the swelling properties of raw materials, their appearance after swelling, and after fermentation for 24 and 48 hours. An analysis of amine nitrogen indicators before and after fermentation was also carried out. Practical recommendations for the use of the considered raw materials for the food industry are offered.

The size-age structure and weight of roach in catches in the autumn period of 2022-2023 are considered in the upper part of the Volga reach of the Kuibyshev reservoir. The correspondence of the biological indicators of roach to the characteristics inherent in the destabilization period of the ecosystem of the Kuibyshev reservoir was established.

The article examines how skydivers cope with the weather while participating in competitions. Our study focused on how athletes’ heart rate variability is affected by climate and daily rhythms. The study revealed that the total power of the heart rate variability spectrum (TR ms2) and autonomic homeostasis (MxDMn ms) are predictors of adaptation to climatic conditions in the studied ethnic groups during the competitive period.

The purpose of the article is to analyze temporary changes in human gait, the parameters of which are recorded using the accelerometer of a mobile phone in everyday use. The work presents trends in the field of personalized medicine and monitoring the health of employees in the manufacturing sector based on wearable and mobile devices. The features of collecting and processing data on a person’s gait using a mobile phone are presented, which act as a comprehensive assessment of human health parameters. The results of a year-long research of changes in human gait are presented. Daily, weekly and annual trends are identified. The research analyzed mobile phone accelerometer time series representing double steps during gait. When constructing trends, the maximum value of the cross-correlation function of data segments was used. Data segmentation was carried out according to the length of the double step. Based on the results of the research, an assumption is made about the possibility of recording individual characteristics of the functioning of the human musculoskeletal system using a mobile phone and conducting further research in order to accumulate statistical material and identify the relationship between a person’s lifestyle and changes in gait parameters.

The article deals with the problem of improving the sustainability of social and economic development of the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD). The possibilities and limitations of the most well-known approaches and methodologies for assessing the investment climate are considered. It is argued that imperfect approaches to the assessment of investment potential of regions, as well as the shortcomings of strategic planning system for the development of Russian macro-regions, lead to the fact that the state applies the same management decisions to the constituent entities that differ significantly in social and economic potential. The results of the assessment of the investment potential of the FEFD are presented. The need to clarify the used assessment algorithms based on specific factors and conditions of development of certain groups of territories is substantiated. Using the methods of cluster analysis, the typology of the regions of the FEFD was carried out, and the peculiarities of realization of investment potential within 3 clusters of territories were highlighted. The article proposes a differentiated approach to the assessment of investment opportunities of regions, focused on the maximum use of accumulated socio-economic potential for developed regions and the development of priority measures of state support for regions with a limited resource of self-development.

This article examines the transformation of state-legal regulation in international trade within the context of contemporary realities and the geopolitical environment. In turn, the foreign policy activities of a state ensure the implementation of priority directions in foreign policy, allocation of resources for its implementation, strategy and tactics of interaction between external and internal factors that influence the system of specific international relations, including their legal framework. In light of this, the objective of this research work is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of state regulation regarding potential risks and possible adverse consequences of international trade for the domestic economy. Therefore, the study of state regulation of international trade and its aspects of modernization in the context of contemporary geopolitical processes becomes important and significant not only for Russia but also for foreign countries, both those displaying unfriendly behavior and exerting sectional pressure, as well as new partner states with which robust foreign economic ties are being established. Based on the research, a well-founded conclusion has been drawn that foreign policy activities are directly and closely linked to state-legal regulation of international trade. Therefore, a sound internal policy of Russia will enable it to reap benefits and pursue an independent foreign policy course, avoiding external pressures.

New models of artificial neural networks are proposed for the identification and classification of cracks in concrete and reinforced concrete walls. The cloud tool Teachable Machine is used to develop a neural network with a pre-defined internal architecture. TensorFlow libraries allow us to develop a convolutional neural network with a tuneable architecture. The program code is written in Python and the learning was performed using the cloud environment Colab. The rational magnitudes of the learning parameters and the topology of the convolutional neural network are determined allowing to achieve the highest accuracy and the lowest losses of the model. The obtained results show a high efficiency of the artificial intelligence to solve problems of the health monitoring of building structures. The proposed models allow real-time automatic diagnostics by analysing photographs, images from smartphone or quadcopter webcams. The latter makes it possible to inspect buildings without the physical presence of humans at the site, which is especially important for working in dangerous places, such as tall buildings, partially destroyed buildings, mined areas, etc. The proposed methods can be further extended for the monitoring and classification of a wide range of defects in building structures.

The article presents a method of evaluating the effectiveness of interaction between business entities, built on the analysis of the procurement and distribution logistics system stage, which allows to reasonably approach the choice of contractors to ensure optimal profit enterprise through the optimization of logistics processes and logistics costs. A model for improving the management of logistics processes at the enterprise in the interaction with counterparties is proposed. Practical value is manifested in the use of developed tools for managing logistics processes to optimize the financial results of transport companies.

Domestic tourism in our country is becoming an important tool for the development of regional economy. It covers all spheres of society, including culture, economy and social life. To stimulate domestic tourism by regions, it is necessary to update existing routes and create new ones. To develop new tourist routes, one of the effective approaches is the use of augmented reality technology. It allows to create interactive tourist routes that enrich the tourist experience of visitors to cities. The use of augmented reality technology allows to significantly diversify the leisure time of a tourist when visiting various cultural sites.

Today, taking into account the development of modern geodetic and cartographic technologies, it is impossible to solve the tasks of territorial planning without using modern geographic information systems. The main tasks of GIS are the search for solutions in the field of rational use of natural resources, territorial sectoral planning, and management of the location of industry, transport, agriculture, energy, and finance. In addition, GIS systems provide control of living conditions of the population, as well as regulate the issues of mapping. The article discusses the application of modern GIS as methods of creating topographic plans. For work on creation of digital terrain models space images are used, which should be accompanied by data of territory interpretation. This allows to make sure the accuracy of information contained in cartographic open databases and to compare it with the current situation on the projected territory. To build a GIS it is necessary to use special integrated programs that allow to create, analyse, edit and present spatial data. The paper examines the process of creating a GIS using ArcGIS programme. The purpose of this paper is to study the process of creating a digital map and database with all the information of common attributes. The developed digital map is the basis for the formation of the master plan of the city. The master plan consists of an explanatory note and a set of drawings. The drawings should be made on a certain scale (1:200 - 1:2000). It is necessary to take into account natural conditions, wind rose, and other data. All objects on the drawings shall be designated with the help of conventional signs established by the relevant regulatory documents. The general plan of the city shall comply with the territorial planning documentation.

Modern lifting machines have the ability to recover braking energy and therefore have high energy efficiency. However, the control systems of such machines are of considerable complexity and require the use of storage devices if they work in closed energy supply systems. The paper presents methods for increasing the efficiency of lifting devices at an early stage of design by partial balancing in order to equalize the load during ascent and descent. The technical solutions that can improve the efficiency of modern lifts and shaft elevator systems are presented.

In 2023, the amount of waste from five large cities in West Java could reach more than 1 million tons. This creates the need for proper waste management. There are several technologies used, i.e. zero waste management (Masaro) technology and also refuse-derived fuel (RDF) technology. Masaro employs various methods to process all types of waste while RDF technology utilizes combustible and plastic waste to produce solid fuel. This study intends to compare the waste processing performance of the two technologies from the potential, environmental impact, and economic aspects. Based on the results, raw materials, utilities, and target markets are all comparable. Besides, environmental impact analysis shows that waste processing with Masaro and RDF has low emissions and is below quality standards. Actually, RDF has a faster processing time than Masaro, but the economic analysis from Masaro shows a higher GPM than RDF (99.21% vs. 89.38%). This happens because the products from Masaro are much more differentiated than RDF. In the end, the integration of waste processing with Masaro and RDF is even more promising because apart from solving the waste problem it also produces a higher GPM (99.22%).

The article analyzes the factors affecting the performance and efficiency of industrial ventilation systems, as well as evaluated the technology and constructive reliability of indoor climate systems. The purpose of the work was to find ways to improve energy efficiency as a priority indicator of modern industrial ventilation systems in conditions of significant and ever-increasing need to save energy consumption costs. The work uses analytical research methods based on theories of probability and reliability of technical systems, analysis of known scientific and own practical results. In the course of the study, the results were obtained allowing to estimate the efficiency of the ventilation system not only in terms of the installed capacity and efficiency of the ventilation unit, but also taking into account such important indicators as energy efficiency, process reliability and functional purpose of the system. The ways of increasing the complex aerodynamic parameter of the ventilation system with the possible elimination of energy costs are determined.

The study of disease etiology plays a critical role in modern veterinary medicine and is of great importance for animal health. Liver pathologies in cattle are of great importance in agriculture. Liver pathologies can have different causes, including infectious diseases, parasitic infestations, and the consequences of poisoning or improper feeding. The search and processing of scientific publications were carried out according to H. Snyder’s recommendations for writing review articles. Only a deep understanding of the causes, mechanisms, and risk factors can lead to the development of effective methods for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of liver pathologies, which helps improve the productive abilities of cattle.

The article is devoted to the study of the medicinal substances metabolism in the liver and the possibility of using clearance tests with lidocaine and caffeine in veterinary medicine. It has been established that liver is the main organ where metabolism takes place, which is carried out in two stages involving the reactions of microsomal oxidation of fermentable cytochrome P450. Substances with a high metabolic rate undergo presystemic elimination. In liver pathologies, the metabolism of xenobiotics changes, substances with a high metabolism can cause toxic effects with a single application, with a low one – with cumulation. Intravenous clearance test with lidocaine showed that the lower the concentration of metabolites after 15 and 30 minutes, the more unfavorable the prognosis for survival. The test can also be used on dogs. The clearance test with caffeine can be performed intravenously, by respiratory methods or through saliva sampling. The test showed results comparable to the lidocaine test. However, clearance tests are influenced by many factors, so researchers recommend using them as an additional research method.

White waxy corn enjoys global popularity because of its appealing taste and distinctive texture. Although it serves as a dietary cornerstone in numerous regions, it is characterized by relatively modest nutritional content. The objective of this research is to investigate various soaking solutions (including citrate buffer pH 3.0, citrate buffer pH 3.0 with 0,5% vitamin B6, citrate buffer pH 3.0 with 0,5% vitamin B6 and 0,5% glutamic acid) and different germination periods (ranging from 0 to 96 hours) on the level of antioxidant activity, ɣ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), polyphenols, and protein in white waxy corn. The highest ABTS inhibition (66.8%) was achieved through the soaking process involving citrate buffer pH 3.0 combined with L-glutamic acid and vitamin B6 solution during 96-hour germination. In contrast, the highest GABA concentration (213.9 ppm) was attained using citrate buffer pH 3.0 for 96-hour germination. The highest protein content (3110.9 ppm) was observed after 72 hours of germination using a soaking solution of citrate buffer pH three combined with L-glutamic acid and vitamin B6. However, the highest polyphenol (5603.3 ppm) was obtained using citrate buffer pH three for 72 hours. Soaking and germination can improve the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of white waxy corn.

Based on the positive results of a long-term field experiment on the introduction of bio-coal for vegetable crops in the Primorsky Territory on soils of heavy chemical composition, its sequestration effect and positive effect on the water-physical properties of soils were proved. After the first year of application of biochar, a significant decrease in CO2 flux in the field without a drainage system was shown by 4.5% at a dose of 1 kg/m2 of biochar and by 36.6% at a dose of 3 kg/m2 of biochar compared with a site without biochar. The decrease in CO2 flux indicates the reclamation effect of biochar due to its high sorption properties affecting the sequestration capacity of the soil. After the second year of application of biochar, the greatest decrease in CO2 flux was observed when 1 kg/m2 was applied. The greatest difference between the values of the CO2 flux at the control site and the sites with the introduction of biochar was noted in September after the abnormal amount of precipitation recorded in August (521 mm). So, at the control site in September, the CO2 flux was 2,276 mg CO2 m-2 h-1, at the site with the addition of 1 kg/m2 of biochar, the CO2 flux was 560 mg CO2 m-2 h-1, at the site with the addition of 3 kg/m2 – 975 mg CO2 m-2 h-1.

The manuscript presents the main characteristics of aquasoils (granulometric composition, organic carbon, acid-base properties, total nitrogen) of the shelf zone of the Ussuri Bay of the Sea of Japan. A clear relationship between the content of organic carbon and fractions of granulometric composition in the studied samples was revealed. The excess of the maximum permissible concentrations values for lead was detected for only one point. The rest of the aquasoils are not contaminated with lead.

The article presents the results of research for the year 2022. The objects of the research were 6 varieties of oilseed flax. Percentages of raw protein, fiber, ash elements and raw fat were evaluated in the crops. The content of nutrient elements was estimated by infrared spectrometry. In flax the content of the studied elements in seeds was estimated. Among all varieties oilseed flax samples, the highest raw protein yield was provided by VNIIMK 620 PN variety (4.24 c/ha), it also provided the highest ash element yield among flax samples (0.62 c/ha), in addition, this variety is also provided the highest fiber yield (2.65 c/ha). Such high rates in this variety are associated with the highest yield (17.33 c/ha). Because if you look at the percentage of raw fat of all 6 varieties, then Fliz variety was the most oilseed (42.57%), and most proteinous was Svetlyachok variety (25.64%)

Moscow is the largest metropolis in Russia, therefore environmental problems on its territory are becoming increasingly acute (the increase in the number of vehicles, industrial enterprises and the construction of new facilities has a negative impact on the environmental situation in the city), which requires high-quality engineering and environmental surveys. Engineering and environmental surveys make it possible to assess the impact of the reconstruction of the complex on the environment, identify possible risks and take measures to prevent them. They allow considering factors such as the conservation of natural resources, limiting emissions of harmful substances and other environmental aspects. Conducting engineering and environmental surveys is important for reducing negative impacts on the environment and preserving natural resources. This is especially true in the context of growing environmental problems in the city and increasing control over their solutions by the authorities. The purpose of conducting engineering and environmental surveys of a multifunctional complex of buildings and structures subject to reconstruction is to identify recommendations and proposals aimed at reducing and preventing possible negative consequences on the environment.

This paper addresses the issue of internal security breaches in cyber-physical systems framing it as an anomaly detection problem within the framework of machine learning models. The use of powerful mathematical apparatus embedded in the structure of machine learning models, including models based on artificial neural networks, allows building an autonomous system for detecting internal security breaches with minimal reliance on expert assessments. The determination of user abnormality is made on the basis of average data on log entries of actions in the system identified as abnormal, as well as on statistical data on the number of such entries for each user. The results presented here demonstrate the successful application of these models to the task of identifying insider threats to system access subjects.

The hypothesis of study: there are statistically significant differences in the motivational and volitional sphere of transport police officers in command and civilian positions. This is due to the specifics of the professional activities of employees of command positions: the importance of goals, high requirements for stress resistance, personal reliability, discipline, endurance. This requires high motivation and strongwilled endurance. The study involved 44 employees of the East-Siberian Linear department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation on transport aged 26 to 42 years, all men. Of these, 22 are employees who hold command positions, 22 are employees who hold civilian positions. The results of the study confirm the hypothesis. The motivational and volitional sphere of employees of command and civilian positions of the transport police has statistically significant differences: for citizens, comfort and good conditions are important for a sense of well-being at work. Whereas employees of command positions prefer to realize in the profession through the opportunity to be useful to people and help them.

Currently, the issue of the use of network power storage devices is increasingly being discussed. A promising technical solution is to combine a flywheel and a motor-generator motor on one shaft. Such an association can be called electromachine energy accumulators. Its main disadvantage should be considered the management difficulties. In this regard, it is possible to use an energy recovery system to reduce energy consumption and increase stability in the power grid. Such devices can reduce energy costs and increase the efficiency of vehicles. Such a solution can be useful and effective for the development of electric transport and reducing energy costs.

Transportation infrastructure consists mainly of critical elements. They are subjected to a large set of requirements for strength, rigidity, reliability. The article considered deformation behavior of spherical bridge bearing at different introduction depth parameters of sliding layer. The influence of contact surface treatment on the character of contact parameters distribution is studied. Earlier the polymers and composites behavior was viewed as an elastic-plastic material. However, for predicting their life-cycle it is necessary to consider them as viscoelastic. The article compared the parameters obtained by modeling elastic-plastic and viscoelastic materials behavior. The influence of sliding layer thickness on the deformation structure behavior was also discussed. It is revealed that sliding layer modeling as an elastic-plastic body is sufficient for numerical calculations on determination of strength characteristics. However, it is necessary to consider the sliding layer as a viscoelastic/viscous-elasticplastic material to design the life cycle of the structure taking into account rheology, thermomechanics and cyclic loads in different directions.