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Indonesia is a country made up of thousands of islands. Indonesia is located between four tectonic plates, the Indian Ocean Plate, and the Pacific Ocean Plate, the Asian Continental Plate, and the Australian Continental Plate. Geographically, the territory of Indonesia is in the series of Ring of Fire. The Ring of Fire, also called the Circum-Pacific Belt, is a 40,000 km-long chain of volcanoes and seismically active sites spanning the Pacific Ocean. This condition is very potential as well as prone to disasters such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, and landslides. The impact of this disaster can make it difficult to access clean water, electricity, and fuel oil networks. Access to electricity is not available because the power grid is cut. The purpose of this research is to be able to provide first aid in terms of electricity so that it can relieve victims of natural disasters or volunteers who work to evacuate victims. The output targeted in this research is a Portable Solar Generator that can be used in an emergency by disaster-affected victims or by volunteers. With a 35-watt load, it could operate for 5 hours 30 minutes and with 55 Watt load it can operate for 3 hours. In terms of recharging time, the charging process using a 50 Wp solar panel takes approximately 7 hours, this is because the charging process is carried out outside the building according to actual conditions.

Flood event occurs during the rainy season when water volume increases because rainwater flows through the water channel; due to water volume being larger than the water channel capacity, this event can cause flood inundation through residential areas. The Ngasinan catchment at Trenggalek Regency experienced a flood event that affected thousands of lives in October 2022, to reduce the impact of future floods, this study objective carried out recommendation plans for flood management in the Ngasinan River. The Ngasinan catchment hydrology, maximum annual rainfall from 230.0 mm to 585.0 mm, flood discharge design for the Ngasinan river (river length 21.73 km as main river drainage) are Q25 = 318.64 m3/s, Q100 = 394.96 m3/s. Hydraulic simulation using flood discharge design Q25 -Q100 showed that flood occurs in Ngasinan River sections especially those without embankments or at lower river elevations and cross-sections. Recommendation plans for the Ngasinan River flood management are river normalization, river embankment repairs, residential drainage system, and construction of dams/reservoirs/retarding basins, expected to restore the river’s storage capacity due to sedimentation and destructive flood discharge also to reduce flood discharge, protect river channel banks against flood discharge, and prevent overtopping water into nearby land.

Land use in Pidekso Dam Catchment Area is the largest in moorland and rice fields, so the potential for erosion rates that produce sedimentation is relatively high and dramatically affects the operating life of the dam. This study aims to compare several land use implementation scenarios to obtain a longer operating life at Pidekso Dam. The amount of erosion rate is calculated based on the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) model with the integration of Geographic Information Systems for land use implementation scenarios. The calculation results before the land use implementation scenario showed the magnitude of the erosion rate at Pidekso Dam Catchment Area of 971846.151 tons/year with a sediment yield of 116026.553 tons/year, including a very severe erosion hazard level. The operating life of Pidekso Dam is estimated to last only 33.54 years from the planned life of 50 years. Based on the analysis of several land use scenarios using vegetative and mechanical methods for the longer operating life of Pidekso Dam with the construction of sediment barriers, which reached 53.99 years.

Water energy is a renewable energy source that has enormous potential in Indonesia. In PLTU Paiton, there is a cooling water channel with a width of 15 m and a depth of 10 m with a water flow speed of 1 - 2.8 m/s. Of course, this is a source of energy that will be wasted if not utilised. This research proposes to exploit this potential energy source by installing twin Savonius hydrokinetic turbines arranged in tandem. This research uses numerical simulations to determine the optimal longitudinal distance between the twin turbines. The simulation configures two tandem turbines rotating in the same direction. The variations in this research are the distance between the two turbines. The turbine is simulated with a water flow speed of 2 m/s. The results obtained are that the greater the distance between the two tandem turbines, the better the performance of the two turbines. At the distance of T/D = 2.1, the front turbine and rear turbine influence each other, and distance of T/D = 70, the rear turbine does not affect the performance of the front turbine but the front turbine still affects the performance of the rear turbine.

A sharp increase in world energy demands which further results in another large progress in the development of nuclear energy establishes comprehensive developments on corresponding mitigation studies. Therefore, as a scenario of accident called LOCA is fundamentally considered, the related phenomena, i.e., the counter-current flow followed by flooding in the primary circuit of PWR, is of a great importance. The present work investigates characteristics of the flooding during a pair of gas/low surface tension liquid counter-current two-phase flow in a complex conduit representing a down-scaled of PWR hot leg typical geometry. Visual observations were obviously carried out to observe the flow phenomenology, while flow parameters were frequently varied. A typical result reveals that the gas flow rate to initiate the flooding decreases with the increase of liquid flow rate. Moreover, exhibiting locations of the onset called locus, a front flooding tends to occur during relatively low liquid flow rates while the higher liquid flow rates exhibit another flooding namely rear flooding. Accordingly, the present investigation provides a package of valuable information on a particular understanding towards the flooding characteristics to overcome the efforts on promoting safety managements on the operation of nuclear power plants..

The demand for environmentally friendly refrigerants arises to anticipate two global environmental issues: global warming and climate change. The use of environmentally friendly refrigerants is one of the efforts to address these issues. This study aims to investigate the possibility of the use of dimethyl ether (DME) for substituting R134a that has been widely used worldwide. The simulation reveals that both subcool and superheat affect the performance of both refrigerants. The cooling capacity of R134a system increases with the increase of subcool and superheat. Meanwhile, even though the cooling capacity of DME increases with the increase of subcool, it decreases with the increase of superheat. For subcool 0C, DME has a coefficient of performance (COP) 4.8% higher than that of R134a although the cooling capacity is 4.5% lower. When the subcool is set at 8C, the cooling capacity of DME is 6.5% lower than R134a but the COP is 2.6% higher. Another important finding in this study is that the best performance of DME over R134a is obtained at low subcool and low superheat.

Farming land in Malang City is getting more limited because several agricultural areas have changed their function to housing or commercial areas such as cafes. Pion Hidrofarm, a startup company in Malang City, demonstrated how to use this hydroponic technique to save land by arranging it vertically and on narrow land. This research aims to make a simple prototype in the form of a tool that can monitor the pH of water nutrients. In addition, this device will also neutralize the pH of the water automatically. The method used in this research is a single case study using a design thinking approach. The author studied literature from various sources as secondary data to support the research. Four stages have been carried out, starting from learning the concept of hydroponic growing media to buying model “A” hydroponic media with 180 planting holes. The fifth stage currently being researched is monitoring the pH of the water. In addition, this tool also functions to neutralize the pH of the water automatically if there is a pH swing with a value above or below the threshold. If automatic neutralization cannot run for some time, it will notify the farmer for manual action.

Landslide is a geohazard event which can be caused by several factor, such as high rainfall intensity, slope geological feature and the slope geometry itself. Tropical wet climate and typical geomorphology of Indonesia derives landslide event as common disaster during the wet season. Nowadays, the paradigm in road slope management has changed to put the Slope as an Asset, like other infrastructure. In this case study, a slope risk management system was created to assist road slope managers in planning periodic monitoring and maintenance. As the building have the BIM System, the slope can also be digitalized as GeoBIM. Based on case studies, this system can be used to inventory and create an electronic database of road slope assets. Furthermore, the road slope assets are assessed and prioritized based on geological hazards and economic consequences. In the end, each slope asset will have routine maintenance schedules, costs, and a historical data of repairs and damage. Therefore, the slope asset can be handled effectively and efficiently.

The Lembang Fault is one of the sources of earthquakes in the Bandung Basin area, Indonesia. Located at coordinates -6.795075°, 107.463449° to -6.865538°, 107.737159° and has a segment length of approximately 29 km, this fault has a potential earthquake hazard that needs to be taken into account. Earthquake hazards originating from its source, namely bedrock, must be analyzed up to the surface. For this reason, a study of the amplification value needs to be carried out. To date, an easy method for analyzing amplification is using the Vs30 approach based on CPTu and geomorphology. This paper aims to obtain amplification values based on the CPTu (electric sondir) and geomorphological methods. This study obtained a 43% agreement, which was indicated by the similarity of the amplification value, which was close to 1. The geomorphology method showed a larger value (more than 1.6). This finding indicates that the equation is used as if it were in an area with a PGA value below 0.1g. Meanwhile, the average value of the two methods is considered relevant, close to 1 or the same as at the earthquake's epicenter. In the future, a more comprehensive method is needed to evaluate the geomorphology equation and the CPTu correlation to the Vs.

Citizen lawsuits have become an adequate mechanism to control government actions related to environmental issues. The dynamics of citizen lawsuit decisions are developing positively, but behind the absence of regulation, the pattern of decisions is highly dependent on judicial activism. Meanwhile, constitutional guarantees only sometimes make the Government improve to manage responsibilities in environmental management. This paper uses normative legal research methods. A citizen lawsuit with an environmental aspect is a form of environmental right that includes access to information, the right to participate, and access to justice. Public distrust of the Government in environmental governance is manifested in civil lawsuits as a form of citizen control over government actions. Public trust finally transferred to the judiciary with a breakthrough in the citizen lawsuit mechanism based on judicial activism. This evidence can be seen from the characteristics of the Judge’s decision that have led to something constructive in environmental management by assessing that the Government and the Defendants have committed acts against the law. However, it has not explicitly used rights-based arguments and the principle of intergenerational justice in the environment and natural resource conflicts.

In wood connections using lag screws as mechanical fasteners, the tension force transfer mechanisms occur through the interaction between the screw threads and the wood surface. It is necessary to understand the screw withdrawal behaviour in order to make a simple but representative interaction model instead of modeling the geometry of the screw threads. This study aims to evaluate experimentally and numerically the withdrawal failure modes, stiffnesses, and capacities of lag screws on wood side-grain. The experiment is conducted on the withdrawal of lag screws with different diameters and penetration lengths in Meranti wood cubes. The numerical analysis is carried out using ABAQUS finite element program and compared with the experimental results. Both experimental test and numerical analysis results show that the failure of all specimens occurred in the wood around the hole, not due to the slip between the lag screw and the wood's surface, which validates the proposed interaction model between the screw and the wood’s surfaces. The wood's effective material stiffness and strength in numerical models are obtained by matching the load-displacement curves with the experiment results. The effective Fy value range is between 18.5 MPa - 24 MPa, while the effective E value range is between 115 MPa - 680 MPa.

In current design procedures, the capacities of single-shear timber connections with lag screws are determined based on their governing failure modes, which are assumed to occur independently. In this study, the capacity and failure modes of single-shear timber connections with lag screws are evaluated experimentally and numerically. Six specimens of Red Meranti wood and lag screws with different penetration lengths are tested to obtain their lateral load capacities and failure modes. Nonlinear 3D finite element analyses using Abaqus are conducted to simulate the test condition. The experimental and numerical results are evaluated in terms of connection failure modes and capacities. Moreover, the result will be compared with NDS 2018 predictions. The study results show that the connection capacities between experimental tests and numerical analysis are similar if the minimum penetration requirement of NDS 2018 is satisfied. It can also be seen that the dominant failure modes, both from experimental and numerical results, match with those predicted using NDS 2018, although they are slightly combined with the other failure modes.

Broiler farms in tropical areas have to deal with heat stress. Dried rice, a waste recycle product cheaper than corn, contains resistant starch that is mostly excluded from calorie-emanating metabolism yet advantageous for digestion. This study analyzes its potential to function as heat stress suppressor. Employing completely randomized design of three treatments in five repetitions, variables observed were panting frequency, heart weight, and blood profiles (leukocyte, heterophile, lymphocyte, and H:L ratio). The data gained were run through ANOVA, followed by LSD. T1 was of 100 % basal feed, T2 20 % dried rice spread atop 80 % basal feed, and T3 20 % dried rice thoroughly mixed with 80 % basal feed. The lowest panting frequency was of T2 (2.7 s −1 ), significantly different from T3 (2.9 s−1 ) and T1 (3.1 s −1 ). The lowest heart weight was also of T2 (0.44 mg 100 g −1 ), followed by T3 (0.49 mg 100 g −1 ) and T1 (0.57 mg 100 g −1 ). As of blood properties, the lowest H:L ratio was of T1 (0.22), significantly different from T3 (0.47) and T2 (0.59). To sum it up, dried rice is influential in relieving heat stress in broiler.

Information about soil moisture in the root layer is very important in evaluating water availability for plants, erosion rates and various other hydrological characteristics. Previous research has found a technology for measuring soil dielectric properties as a soil moisture estimator that can be carried out quickly in the field. The purpose of this study was to apply dielectricity technology in estimating the characteristics of soil moisture in situ in the field at the North Bengkulu in Bengkulu Province. Five land units in North Bengkulu Regency, Indonesia, have been selected as experimental sites. At each location, the soil profile was excavated to a depth of 100 cm, the basic characteristics of the soil in each layer were described in the field and analyzed in detail in the laboratory. The variables measured in the field are the measurement of the dielectric properties of the soil, the effective depth of the soil, the horizon and the characteristics of each horizon. The variables analyzed in the laboratory were texture, organic matter in each layer, aggregate stability at 0-10 cm layer, field soil moisture at the time of measurement, and groundwater characteristics. The relationship between the data on the basic characteristics of the soil with the soil moisture balance variable in the laboratory analysis and measurements of dielectric properties in the field, was then determined using regression analysis. The results showed that the five locations studied had different profile characteristics and groundwater fluctuations. Of the four independent variables tested (percentage of sand, silt, clay and organic carbon) then the content of sand and clay can be used as predictors of the water content of field capacity. Because the four independent variables have a very weak correlation with permanent wilting point water, the available water content can only be predicted from the sand and clay content.

The revitalisation of Semarang Old Town is considered very necessary and has a positive value. It has a negative impact that must be handled. Revitalisation is expected to increase the tourist attractions of Semarang. In other words, the higher level of activity and occupancy that occurs in Semarang old city and without realising it, the higher the fire risk will happen in the Semarang Old City Area. This study aims to analyse the density of buildings related to fire handling risks and spatially based area fire risk analysis. The Fire Risk Index method was adopted from the ARICA method from Portugal to determine the level of fire risk. The FRI method is a simplification method of the ARICA method, which is devoted to cultural heritage buildings. The FRI method results in the form of the level of building risk, namely low, medium, high, to the extreme. The results of the FRI method and the analysis of building density are presented in the form of mapping using spatial data processing applications. The FRI method in the Old City area obtained the average building in medium and low-risk levels. The risk map gives rise to solutions and handling that can be applied to the region as appropriate disaster mitigation to continue realising an area safe from fire disasters.

This study focuses on family organizational culture and its implications for the succession of human resources in the legendary milk cafe Karangdoro Semarang. This research is motivated by quite a number of failures experienced by businesses to family companies in Indonesia. Many of these failures can be a reflection of poor resource management in family companies. According to Schein, individual performance in organizations cannot be understood without taking into account organizational culture, because organizations determine the degree of organizational effectiveness. From this statement, understanding the organizational culture of family companies is very important, because there are many examples of how difficult it is for a family business or company in Indonesia to maintain its survival from generation to generation. Human resources are an important aspect of business, especially in a family business. The data in this study were obtained through in-depth interviews with several owners and visitors of the milk café Karangdoro Semarang. From this research, it can be seen that the milk cafe Karangdoro Semarang has a culture in which all employees and managers are members of their own family that has been running for up to 4 generations.

A development of web application for a hydroponic monitoring system (HMS) is presented. The HMS is to collect data of hydroponic plants such as quality and quantity of nutrient solution. The HMS is integrated to internet such that the collected data is stored in a cloud server. The data can be accessed by users through a web application. This study is to develop the web application as an interface for accessing the HMS data in real time. The web development is done by implementing the user centred design (UCD) method. A study case of monitoring hydroponic temperatures is presented in this development. It resulted in a web application that presents real-time data of the temperatures in numerically as well as graphically. This web application provides an informative, attractive, and user-friendly interface of the HMS.

Farmers commonly use seed bulbs in shallot farming. Therefore it is required to conduct a demonstration plot to promote the technology of true shallot sheet (TSS). The study aims to determine the performance of the newly seedling technique and determine the perceptions and preferences of farmers towards shallot farming, in Padang Village, Tanggungharjo Sub- District, Grobogan District, in September - November 2018. The study used a demonstration plot of shallot farming using seedling and survey methods to the 30 shallots farmers. Financial analysis (BCR and MBCR) was used to determine the performance of shallot farming, while farmers' perceptions and preferences were analyzed descriptively with scoring techniques. The results showed that even though the cost of shallot farming using seedling was higher, it resulted in higher production (BCR 2.76 vs 0.25). The TSS using as planting material against bulbs was also beneficial since the MBCR value was 5.64, implying that the seedling technique was more profitable than seed bulbs using. With these significant results, farmers stated a high perception of shallot farming using seedling, indicated a high level of preference, which is 73.33 - 93.33%. Based on these results, the government should widely disseminate the TSS to shallot farmers.

Pollination is one of the key components of global biodiversity and is very important for ecosystems in ensuring the maintenance of ecological processes, which are largely responsible for the successful reproduction of native plants. Apis cerana Fabr. including insect pollinators that are widely cultivated in the conservation forest Tahura Ir H Djuanda. Through survey and observation methods, it is known that some plants in Tahura are visited by honey bees, which have great potential for the effectiveness of plant pollination in Tahura. The types of plants visited by honey bees can be classified into agricultural and non-agricultural crops in a radius of 500 meters from Tahura. Based on the data, it is known that honey bees visited non-agricultural plants as many as 39 families and 83 species, while agricultural crops were 6 families and 17 species. So it can be concluded that bees prefer visiting non-agricultural crops rather than agricultural crops in Tahura, therefore the potential for pollination effectiveness by honey bees will be greater in non-agricultural crops such as plants in Tahura to maintain conservation forest biodiversity.

The increasingly widespread of the Covid-19 virus in various countries worldwide has suppressed global economic growth, including Indonesia. The pandemic also impacts on agricultural sector especially on food production, distribution, consumption, and potential for a food crisis. The agricultural sector is the last sector that can withstand any shock. This paper aims to bring information impacts the Covid-19 outbreak has on the agricultural sector, and propose strategies and action for the Indonesia Government in maintaining the stability of the agricultural sector during and after Covid-19. This study uses a qualitative descriptive analysis by describing the phenomena that occurred in the agricultural sector as an impact of Covid-19. The increasing spread of the Covid-19 outbreak has led to a decline in the performance of the agricultural sector. Covid-19 pandemic has an impact on reducing production by 5% due to distraction on the distribution but at the same time, food needs have increased by 5% due to panic buying and decreased import by 5% due to limiting exports. In addition, it also affects the food supply chain, and the threat of food insecurity due to the spread of Covid-19 to villages that are food producers and an increase in unemployment. Therefore Reorienting policy and programs in agriculture and ensuring availability of facilities and assistance for stability stock and the price is required.

This study aims to describe the language style of the song lyrics composed by Rhoma Irama in response to the global Covid-19 pandemic, namely the lyrics of the song is "Virus Corona". The lyrics of this song are very popular because apart from being launched during a long pandemic, Rhoma Irama also often sings the song in search of funds to help people affected by this global pandemic. To describe the language style in the song lyrics, a stylistic approach is used, as an interdisciplinary linguistic approach used to analyze literary works. The data collection method used was a literature study with listening and note-taking. The data analysis used is a stylistic approach with reference to the model formulated by Rahmat Djoko Pradopo. The results of the analysis show that the language style that builds the lyrics of the song "Virus Corona" by Rhoma Irama cannot be separated independently based on the language style units because the discourse of the song lyrics is built by sound style, word style, and sentence-style which is coherent and sublime to build a complete discourse, namely the request for the protection of people to God so that they are free from the Covid-19 epidemic which frightens all mankind.

The waste management strategy is expected to minimize the negative impact on the environment. In the capital city of Dili, the waste management strategy can be categorized as very concerned. Based on the data from the Ministry of State Administration shows that in 2020, people in the capital of Dili produce waste 250 tons per day. The reality of solid waste in the capital city of Dili shows a severe problem in the waste management process and strategy. This study aims to examine problems in waste management strategies and their impact in the capital city of Dili. Through a literature review approach, a scientific study will be carried out on several scientific articles related to the waste management system and the reality of solid waste in capital city of Dili. The results show that people in the capital of Dili, still use the classical system in managing solid waste. Weak government system and local regulations regarding to solid waste management, and the lack of the waste management industry based on R3 (reduce, reuse, recycle) are the main factors for the community still using the classical system. This reality harms the environment and people in the capital of Dili.

This study aims to describe the language style contained in the lyrics of the song Citra Cinta, Sifana, Lack of Salt, and the Coronavirus by Rhoma Irama. The research data is in the form of song lyrics from the four songs. The method used in this study includes three strategic stages, namely the stage of data collection, data analysis, and presentation of the results of data analysis. The results showed that in the four-song lyrics which were used as the object of the study, there were language styles of the affirmation, comparison, and contradictory groups. The affirmation language style group includes parallelism, enumeration, pleonasm, repetition, climax, interruption, correction, and asidenton. For the comparative language style group, there are similes, litotes, metaphors, allusions, and groups of contradictory styles that have only one type, namely antithesis.

Educating due to Covid-19 spread prevention can be done using various media, for instance, through song. This research aimed to describe the illocution speech act and the function of Rhoma Irama's song lyrics as a medium to raise public awareness of Covid-19. This research conducts descriptive qualitative method and uses Searle pragmatic theory approach. The method uses in this study is scrutinize and taking notes. The result of this study found 11 assertiveness stating illocution, 4 directives asking illocution, 4 directive request illocution, 1 directive asks illocution, 1 expressive complaint illocution, and 1 saying thanks expressive illocution. Rhoma Irama's song entitled "Virus Corona" loads illocution force to raise people awareness and cognition that the world is in a serious condition due to Covid 19 pandemic. Moreover, there are also songs created before, such as "Perjuangan dan Doa" and "Nilai Sehat", which can motivate the people to keep surviving in the middle of the pandemic through healthy life and worships.

Song lyrics can be used to communicate the author’s message to others. The songwriter can express what he feels, sees, and experiences. The song lyrics by Roma Irama are fascinating in terms of language style. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to describe the language style used in the lyrics of Rhoma Irama’s songs “Virus Corona,” “Bencana,” and “Suratan.” This study used the data in the form of song lyrics snippets from the three songs. The data was gathered through the listening method, which involved listening to the three songs displayed on YouTube. The lyrics of the songs were then recorded and analyzed using stylistic theory. According to the study’s findings, the language styles used in the lyrics of “Virus Corona,” “Bencana,” and “Suratan” are climax, parallelism, antithesis, anaphor, asyndeton, pleonasm, rhetorical questions, paraphrases, litotes, metaphors, and cynicism. As a result, Rhoma Irama employs a variety of language styles in the lyrics of his three songs.

Cryptic marine fauna refers to organisms that live inside habitats that hidden from direct exposure to their outer environment. Its cryptic nature made these animals rarely observed, and hence understudied. Whereas, they are very popular among experienced divers alike as underwater macrophotography objects. The aim of this study is to assess the diversity of cryptic marine fauna on the proximity of coral reef area at Sempu Strait to bring up its underwater macrophotography tourism potential. While the definition of cryptic marine fauna itself could include any major group of marine organisms, we limit the extent of our study only into the four most popular animal groups in underwater macrophotography which are: fishes, sea slugs, arthropods, and flatworms. We conducted underwater surveys using roving diver technique spanning from October 2017 to June 2019 at eleven dive sites of Sempu Strait and yielded 84 species that consists of 45 species of sea slug, 29 Species of fish, 8 species of arthropods, and 2 species of flatworms. The overall fauna diversity shows that Sempu Strait has high diversity of sea slug and cryptic fishes, while the site-specific diversity shows that Stumbut dive site has the highest marine cryptic fauna diversity.

The old City of Semarang as a heritage area has a significant historical value. Since Independence Day of Indonesia, that area has been abandoned and unoccupied without maintenance. Lack of activity makes the heritage area become a dead city and broad to some issues, environmental, buildings defects, social and institutional governance. The revitalisation activities of cultural heritage in some countries are unique to the technical, socio-economic and cultural aspects. Often the parties could not be generalised due to issues of the authorities, financial capabilities, readiness of stakeholders, and the complexity of its heritage buildings. The research aims to formulate a revitalisation strategy for the heritage area of Semarang to a World Heritage from the stakeholders’ perspective through a qualitative, descriptive method. The research strategy uses Focus Group Discussion, semi-structured interviews and field observations were involving the parties on old city revitalisation projects. The results provide the strategy for revitalisation of Semarang heritage area. Stakeholders perspectives become a lesson learned for future strategic management in heritage buildings, either private or public property

Since 2016, based on the regulation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources number 12/2015, the government has enacted a policy of mixing biodiesel into diesel oil by 20 %, also known as B20. It is applied to all sectors that use diesel oil. In 2020, based on that regulation, Indonesia will continue to implement B30. Indonesia will be the first nation in the world to implement B30, especially biodiesel based on palm oil. This study is to present the readiness of Indonesia to implement B30 by the installed capacity, the regulation, the reference of standard, and the availability of biodiesel laboratory. This study is based on literature studies, discussion, and biodiesel testing. The result of this study showed that the biodiesel installed capacity has enough to supply B30. The regulation has available as mandatory starting per 2020. The biodiesel testing showed compliance in the parameter of the revised standard. The biodiesel laboratory as a conformity assessment also has available to test the revision of biodiesel standard. It gives confidence for Indonesia to implement B30.

The Model of Fluid Dynamics Computation (CFD) aims to obtain cross-tubine flow in microhydro tubes. The parameters used to determine the cross flow turbine power are the blade angle, the number of cross runner blades and the head tube as the production house. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is software that can load integral and partial equations into discrete algebraic equations (addition, multiplication, multiplication and division) that can be used with the help of computers to find solutions for sources and times. In the era of technology, the development of the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) program is very fast making this method a trend in various fields of industry that utilizes a comparison of pure experimental data and pure theory. The study of turbine cross flow power on microhydro tubes shows 1213 Watt power on the parameters of blade number 16, blade angle of 150 and 200 at head 4 meters.

As the modernized Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) method, Real Time Kinematic (RTK) ensures high accuracy of position (within several centimeters). This method uses Ultra High Frequency (UHF) radio to transmit the correction data, however, due to gain and power issues, Networked Transport of RTCM via Internet Protocol (RTCM) is used to transmit the correction data for a longer baseline. This Research aims to investigate the performance of short to long-range single baseline RTK GNSS (Up to 80 KM) by applying modified LAMBDA method to resolve the ambiguity in carrier phase. The RTK solution then compared with the differential GNSS network solution. The results indicate that the differences are within RTK accuracy up to 80 km are several centimeter for horizontal solution and three times higher for vertical solution.

Indonesia is a country consisting of several islands some of which are still not covered by electricity. It is this source of PV that can be used to meet the needs of people who are not yet affordable with PLN electricity. Basically, PV includes the generation of new renewable energy types. This new form of energy comes from sunlight. Using semiconductor materials can convert energy from sunlight to electrical energy. Because in Indonesia this includes tropical climates located on the equator line, making Indonesia has a very high intensity of light. Several factors affect electrical energy, namely the extent of PV to be used, the total irradiance received by PV, the decrease in performance due to weather and cleanliness of the PV used such as snow and oiliness. In this study explained the Analysis of Irradian-based Grid Tie photovoltaic performance with Polycrystalline PV types. Taking irradian data using a Solar Power Meter, irradiance and temperature data at a certain time will use the Incremental Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method, DC-DC boost converter, inverter, voltage source converter (VSC) using algorithm and equipment controls connected to network. This research is simulated using Matlab with the Simulink program.

This paper presents a simulation of a grid-connected photovoltaic power system. A complex model of power distribution system is developed in MATLAB Simulink, then it will be simulated to determine an amount of power delivered to the grid based on irradiance and temperature. Solar irradiance data collection is conducted using a solar irradiance meter. These weather data (solar irradiances and temperatures) are transformed into signal inputs and model through a grid-tied Photovoltaic (PV) model system which consists of PV, incremental conductance Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method, DC-DC boost converter, inverter, voltage source converter (VSC) control algorithms, and grid equipment. The output variables can be related to current, voltage or power. However, tracing of the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics or power-voltage (P-V) characteristics are the vital need to grid-tied PV system operation. Changes in solar irradiance and temperature imply changes in output variables. Detailed modelling of the effect of irradiance and temperature, on the parameters of the PV module and the output parameters will be discussed. With the aid of this model, one can have a feasible idea about the solar energy generation potential at given locations. This comprehensive model is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink software.

In Indonesia, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has become one of the important tool in survey mapping, especially for cadastral purposes like land registration by using Real Time Kinematic (RTK) GNSS positioning method. The conventional RTK GNSS positioning method ensure high accuracy GNSS position solution (within several centimeters) for baseline less than 20 kilometers. The problems of resolving high accuracy position for a greater distance (more than 50 kilometers) becomes greater challenge. In longer baseline, atmospheric delays is a critical factor that influenced the positioning accuracy. In order to reduce the error, a modified LAMBDA ambiguity resolution, atmospheric correction and modified kalman filter were used in this research. Thus, this research aims to investigate the accuracy of estimated position and area in respect with short baseline RTK and differential GNSS position solution by using NAVCOM SF-3040. The results indicate that the long-range single baseline RTK accuracy vary from several centimeters to decimeters due to unresolved biases.

Phase locked loop (PLL) is a feedback system that has a vital role in the grid-connected inverter systems. The primary function of PLL is to obtain various grid information, such as magnitude, frequency, and phase. That used as the basis for the synchronization process. The primary purpose of this paper is to model and compare the performance SOGI-FLL (Second Order Generalized Integrator - Frequency Locked Loop) With SOGI-PLL, which is a relatively standard PLL. Besides that, this paper also aims to investigate the effect of FLL feedback gain on synchronization performance. Based on the simulation results, the performance of SOGI-FLL in its steady state is superior to that of SOGI-PLL especially for the condition of a single phase power systems that change in frequency.

Generally, the electrical power supply acts as a voltage source only but many applications, current sources are needed. In conventional methods, to provide a current source, an electric power supply with variable voltage is adjusted to give the amount of current. In some electrical applications and devices, there is a demand to have a constant voltage with a variable current. This paper proposes a single phase alternating current controller as a power supply with a current source that can be adjusted using the hysteresis method. The advantage of the hysteresis method is that the electric current can follow changes in setting values and have a good response to any changes in the load given. This method, the actual current can follow the reference flow as needed. During testing, the inverter has succeeded in producing 3 Ampere 50 Hz at the output voltage of 50 Volt which is sent to the load. In applications, the proposed power supply is useful as an inverter to convert DC current into AC current. Furthermore, this proposed inverter has the opportunity as a renewable energy resource converter to convert direct current from photovoltaic to alternating current for various electronic devices in industries and households.

Pekalongan City is the first creative city in Indonesia to be included in the world creative city list by UNESCO in Craft and Folk Art category. The creativity aspect as the motor of the creative industry in Pekalongan will refer to culture, technology and intellectual property as a strategic driving force in the industry. Another aspect is the issue of gender and entrepreneurial capabilities in line with the needs of the entrepreneur to develop the idea of a product that must always be renewable as a prerequisite of living in the creative economy. The development of two new variables in the creative economy paradigm in the context of entrepreneurial capabilities other than innovative, proactive and risk-taking variables is the anti plagiarism spirit of design and the unique value of the product. The direction of this paper is to know whether there is any influence of gender in its contribution to performance aspect, commitment to cultural preservation, and anti plagiarism spirit and unique product development in order to maintain Pekalongan existence as creative city of UNESCO. This study has a sample of 45 men and 45 women as entrepreneurs and creative industry business in Pekalongan City. The statistical approach using Chi Square analysis with conclusion there is no relationship between gender with the three aspects of research in the form of business performance, cultural commitment and anti plagiarism spirit. In the analysis using Cross Tab, provide description that there is gender equation of way of thinking and strategy of survival and commitment between both capability of entrepreneur of man and woman in Pekalongan.

Biofilters are relatively new pollution control technology used to treat urban stormwater runoffs. Biofilters generally consist of vegetated top soil layer for nutrient uptake and sand-based filter media for heavy metals filtration. While the complex process of pollutant removal is studied for a temperate environment, only a few studies have been conducted under tropical climate conditions. This study aims to study the removal process of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and 6 heavy metals including copper, iron, manganese, nickel, lead, and zinc in a tropical biofiltration system. In this study, using the curve fitting analysis, the parabolic function was found to be the most fitted function to explain the relationship between pollutant concentration in the effluent and the infiltration rate of the system when the first flush phenomenon is simulated. Results demonstrated that the natural variation of infiltration rate during the saturation process of soil influences the performance of the system in removing some pollutants such as phosphorus, iron, and zinc.

Kemiri Sunan (Reutalis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw) is a potential plant to be developed as biodiesel feedstock. The advantage of Kemiri Sunan seeds when compared to other biodiesel raw materials is their high oil content. This plant is also very good for land conservation. Due the increasingly demand for biodiesel, research and new methods to increase its biodiesel production continue to be undertaken. The weakness of conventional biodiesel manufacturing process is in the mixing process in which mechanical stirring and heating in the trans-esterification process require more energy and a longer time. A higher and stronger mixing process is required to increase the contact area between the two phases of the mixed substance to produce the emulsion. Ultrasonic is a tool that can be useful for a liquid mixing process that tends to be separated. Ultrasonic waves can cause mixing intensity at the micro level and increase mass transfer, so the reaction can be performed at a much faster rate. This study is to figure out the effect of ultrasonic irradiation on the transesterification process of biodiesel from Kemiri Sunan Oil.

The increasing of energy supply trend in Indonesia seems to be a serious problem in the implementation of sustainable development. This study case research aimed to determine the potential of energy efficiency in school environment. The subject of this research was SMA N 1 Ambarawa, located on Semarang Regency of Central Java, Indonesia. The data collection was done by used documentation, observation and interview method. The results showed that the average of electrical energy consumption in this school reached 11022.008 kWh/month, which resulted in the emergence of secondary emissions of CO2 by 9644.257 kg CO2/month. Overall, the consumption of electrical energy in this school was very efficient, with an Intensity of Energy Consumption (IEC) average 1.7957 kWh/m2/month. In this case, the implementation of short-term no cost, long-term no cost, middle-cost, short-term high cost and long-term high-cost recommendation could save electricity energy sequent by 3.159%; 7.536%; 9.499%; 35.278% - 36.626%; and 42.084%. In conclusion, the school environment had a big potential of energy efficiency that could reduce the energy consumption and CO2 gas emissions.

Many residents of Siwatu Village of Batang Regency employ their land to produce catfish. This fish is chosen because it can be harvested in a relatively short time with simple maintenance. However, being a catfish farmer is not as easy as imagined. Many obstacles have to be overcome, such as, lack of availability of seeds, the high cost of catfish feed, the lack of capital and the dominant role of loan sharks in the catfish trade in Siwatu. The paper objectives are to describe strategic steps in assisting catfish famers to survive in the industrial competition through innovation and entrepreneurship training. Solutions offered in the form of institutional strengthening, feed production innovation, increased value-added product, entrepreneurship training for the fish farmers and connecting to advisory agency.

Magelang Regency is a strategic city in Central Java. The regency has famous tourist destination objects such as Borobudur Temple, besides the fertile climate and soil conditions are an invaluable asset to support agribusiness development. The position of the boundary line between the city area roomates becomes the product market and the village that the production buffer zone may be developed into a competitive Agropolitan region. The obstacles that arise are Magelang Regency is the affected area of Mount Merapi activity, in addition to causing fertility in agricultural land, and the tectonic earthquake eruption become obstacles to the development of potential areas of Merapi disaster, due to the high of physical hazards such as infrastructure damage. The direction of this paper is to look for potential Agropolitan location references with the guarantee of infrastructure service support, the disaster zone equality into a node that connects the area of agribusiness-producing regions in all regency in Magelang regency. The LQ and KS methods are used to bridge the analysis studies in this paper.

Eucheuma cottonii L. seaweed contains dietary fiber that can cure some degenerative diseases. Dodol seaweed without preservatives can be an alternative as a functional food that many people need to maintain their health. Generally dodol made with the addition of preservatives to enhance the shelf life. Dodol without preservative makes its easily microbes growth and oxidized, thus making it quickly damaged and not accepted by consumers. The use of active edible film on dodol seaweed is expected to inhibit damage and prolong the shelf life. Chitosan is one of the recommended hydrophobic biopolymers to improve the film characteristics based starch while having antimicrobial activity. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of chitosan concentration on character of edible film, and the effect of its application on weight loss, texture and microbial quantity on dodol seaweed in the storage period. The research results showed that the addition of chitosan can increase tensile and transparency, and decrease of elongation and WVTR edible film. Active edible film application has been shown to inhibit the damage of dodol seaweed during the storage period compared without active edible film and inhibiting microbial growth.

Curugmuncar II micro hydro power (MHP) located in Petungkriyono sub district is one of three MHPs installed in Pekalongan district. This study aims to analyze the MHP operation environmental impact. The study used qualitative method, with interviews, observations, and material testing. The data used are primary and secondary data. This research was conducted in Curugmuncar Village, Petungkriyono Subdistrict, Pekalongan Regency, Indonesia. MHP has power capacity of 100 KW with power usage of 50 KW. MHP used by 155 users with load capacity 2 A 220 volt AC. The community more used of lights as the houses and street lighting. The MHP operation had several environmental factors such as: sociology, technically feasible, hydrology, physical and chemical water quality, ergonomics, economically feasible, irrigation, clean water supply, government policy, and others. The supporting factors sustainability of MHP were sociology, irrigation, ergonomics, clean water supply, physical and chemical water quality, hydrology, and government policy. The inhibiting factors of MHP operation were technically feasible, economically feasible, and government policy. The results showed that the MHP environment requires a professional management system to achieve the MHP sustainability