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The article is devoted to the study of methods for ensuring information security for vertically integrated companies. The study examined the concept of a vertically integrated company, studied its features, risks, information security structure and key components of its software. The authors analyzed modern methods and tools for ensuring cybersecurity, applicable in the analyzed companies, and carried out a comparative analysis of their advantages and disadvantages. The work mentions integrated information security systems. Particular attention is paid to authentication technology based on SIM cards with an electronic digital signature as one of its mechanisms. The article examines tokens as traditional tools for implementing electronic digital signatures and SIM cards from the point of view of more modern technology, and also carries out a comparative analysis of them from the economic, technical and legal aspects. The work describes and visualizes a diagram of the process of installing tokens and SIM cards in the business process of vertically integrated companies, and the process of replacing tokens with SIM cards is considered from three points of view: economic, technical and legal. The result of the study was the expansion of the existing knowledge base about ensuring information security in vertically integrated companies and the identification of the implementation of SIM card-based authentication technology as prevailing in relation to the token-based authentication system.

A brief review of devices and methods of functioning of sensors for direct control of transpiration phenomena, their advantages and disadvantages are given. The task of the research is to experimentally confirm the selected calculation dependence for determining the values of xylem flow, i.e. to obtain a formula for determining the rate of xylem mass movement depending on the temperature gradient on the stem surface, which is measured by sensors and given to the system of digital control of production processes based on thermoregulation. And the higher the flow velocity, the faster the temperature front will reach the remote sensor and will cool down by a smaller value than at lower flow velocity and the temperature difference will have a smaller value. The dependence of xylem flow velocity (sap flow) q (g/s) on the temperature difference Δt of the coolant at the inlet of the stem system (heater) and at its outlet (remote sensor-thermocouple) was experimentally obtained. The obtained dependence agrees well with the hyperbolic function q = 0.15 / Δt, obtained by computational method, which confirms the possibility of its application in the processor of digital control of the system of productivity processes in plant systems.

The possibility of seed genetic banks creating is associated with the ability of many plants seeds (the so-called orthodox ones) to maintain germination ability for a long time, being in a dormant state. This opens up wide prospects for the formation of a reserve seeds fund of rare species that are threatened with extinction in natural communities. Botanical gardens in different countries of the world, including the Russian Federation, are working on the creation of such seed banks. To assess the quality of seeds in relation to agricultural crops, as well as natural flora species, radiography is used. It is this kind of non-damaging express assessment of the quality of seeds that turns out to be the most informative technique for seed material obtained in botanical gardens. The article presents the preliminary results of an X-ray study of the seeds quality of some Samara region rare plants - four species ofthe Iris genus - Iris aphylla L., I. halophila Pall., I. pumila L., I. sibirica L.

The task of determining the parameters of an innovative project, their composition and structure is a crucial stage in the design and development of an innovative project within the framework of digital transformation. A refined classification of the parameters of an innovative project, considering the specifics of projects aimed at digital transformation of the enterprises, operating in the manufacturing sector, is proposed. The classification separates the parameters of innovative projects into 2 key categories: target parameters and controlled or limiting parameters. When applied to innovative project parameters in digital transformation, target parameters are further divided into gradual and optional types; controlled or limiting parameters constitute basic structure of innovative projects and include road-map and time allocation, costs, market parameters, human resources, technological readiness, regulatory norms. The presented approach leaves room for further research based on additional real case data and risk evaluation, standard and accepted deviations of the project results analysis.

The modern practice of defining administrative-industrial territories has formed the concept of «single-industry towns». Currently, there are many definitions of this phenomenon; however, the common criterion for classifying a town as a single-industry town is that its socio-economic development depends on the activities of one city-forming enterprise or several enterprises in the technological structure that operate within a single production and technological process. Such dependence for settlements with narrow specialization has a negative impact during the crisis situation at the enterprise or its liquidation. The negative consequences include a sharp increase in unemployment (including hidden one), aggravation of social problems, acceleration of population outflow to more developed cities/regions of the region/country, sharply reduced revenues to the local budget, which leads to the impossibility of independent development of the settlement. The problems of single-industry towns in the periods of economic crises are pronounced. Results. This paper has defined the criteria of single-industry towns, approaches to the identification of single-industry towns. In addition, the models and factors contributing to the sustainable socio-economic development of single-industry towns and domestic experience in the modernization of single-industry town settlements are identified.

The study focuses on the problem of toxic communication as one of the risk factors in Health, Safety & Environmental culture development. The data obtained indicate that the effectiveness of Health, Safety & Environmental communication is reduced due to the expansion of toxic communication, which includes such phenomena as intentional confusion, topic overdiscussing, lack of dialogue on equal footing, lack of feedback, and weak corporate culture. It is also shown that in most cases, ineffective Health, Safety & Environmental leadership of managers and chiefs demonstrates the communicative behaviour of a toxic boss. The conclusion is drawn on the need for further studies of toxic communication in order to reduce its negative impact on Health, Safety & Environmental culture promotion.

The relevance of this study is caused by the need to solve problems of sustainable use of natural resources in the Arctic region when implementing projects with international participation. The paper highlighted a number of the most significant problems of the region, which destroy the ecological balance. The areas of development of the natural resources of the Arctic region have been determined with the participation of countries interested in this, in particular, China, which is striving to become the leading export world power and influence the sustainable use of natural resources in the Arctic region. The paper analyzes the interests of China in the Arctic, identifies the strategy of China’s behavior and the main directions of international cooperation with the countries of Northern Europe and North America in the Arctic region. China is increasingly pursuing its Arctic policy, and international cooperation is an important way for China to strengthen its research and economic potential in the Arctic. The dominant interests of China in the Arctic are: the development of polar scientific research; the creation of a transport and logistics system; development of hydrocarbon energy and mineral resources; development of systems based on renewable energy sources; maintaining ecological balance, including through the development of a green economy in the region; environmental protection. In this regard, China is taking active steps to establish strong bilateral and multilateral relations with Western countries, the so-called Arctic G8 countries, and seeks to promote its interests in the region under consideration, including through large investments in the Arctic projects of these countries.