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The research is aimed at defining the main concepts of international environmental law which reflect the most urgent environmental problems at different stages of the development of this area of law. Using several cross-disciplinary methods to analyse the texts of three international environmental agreements, the authors aim at proving the hypothesis that the development of international environmental law can be characterized by transformation from specific to universal problems. The authors believe that the problems addressed in a chronologically earlier document are relatively specific, while later documents focus on more general issues. Such change of priorities is supported by the results of linguo-cognitive analysis of the texts under study. Various conceptual constants are typical of different stages of development of international environmental law. The constants found in the documents of different periods of time accumulate to shape the cognitive dominants of the discourse of international environmental law, which makes it possible to trace the evolution of environmental ideas at a global scale.

This article considers the problem to optimize technological processes via optimization of the material flows distribution. It demonstrates the possibility to solve the problem of optimizing the spatial forms of the material flows movement while eliminating several mutually influencing bottlenecks. It is shown that the unloading of the bottlenecks should be performed proportionally to their workload. The work proposes the procedures of iterative directed enumeration, which allows to minimize the cost of changing the values of the route matrix while ensuring the required performance. The simulation results prove the possibility to use coefficients that take into account the proportion of the bottleneck workloads in the iterative method of directed enumeration to obtain a gain in performance cost. The efficiency and practical significance of the scientific and methodological apparatus proposed in the work is confirmed by a methodological example.

A method for solving grid equations in areas with geometry "stretched" along one of the spatial directions is proposed. Method proposed for model includes pollutants whose concentration in the Azov Sea, according to the analysis of scientific publications and environmental databases, exceeds the maximum permissible concentration (MPC). The mechanism of the preconditioner formation is described. The estimation of the minimum and maximum eigenvalues is performed. Using object-oriented analysis and design, a class library has been implemented to solve the problem of impurity propagation in a shallow reservoir. The architecture of an information system to support scientific research capable of functioning in conditions of using heterogeneous computing environments is described. The system is based on the requirement of the maximum possible use of free software in order to minimize capital and operational costs. The system uses classes that allow you to read and write information about the geometry of the object under study and the parameters of the calculated grid. Numerical experiments were carried out using the developed software package, including the proposed mathematical model, focused on the multiprocessor computing system (MCS). The dependences of the SLAE solution time on the number of diagonals and the order of the matrix are obtained. The number of iterations for solving grid equations has been experimentally determined depending on the ratio of the number of nodes in spatial coordinates.

The article deals with issues related to increasing the efficiency of working with data on the geometry of the computational domain when solving hydrophysics problems using the finite difference method. The model problem is a system of equations of the pollutant distribution, including the oil and its refined products, in the computational domain – Azov Sea. To describe the computational domain, a model of a two-dimensional computational grid is used, which is used in the implementation of numerical calculations. Class diagrams are presented for describing the geometry of the object under study, as well as its constituent segments. In order to improve the performance of calculations, an algorithm for combining geometry segments was developed, in which the original algorithm was divided into separate fragments by introducing a number of conditional structures. As a result of experimental data processing, regression equations were obtained that describe the dependence of the algorithm execution time on the number of joins. The developed algorithm and class library make it possible to work with the description of the geometry of the object under study as a set of parameterized primitives and educe the time spent on the formation of the description of the computational domain by up to 27%.

The article presents elaborated technical suggestions for increasing reliability of electrical equipment of agro-industrial complexes. The analysis of the already known ways of measuring electric capacitance is carried out and it demonstrates the necessity of withdrawing a capacitor from a working circuit for sufficient accuracy of determining electric capacitance. The urgency of developing a method for measuring electric capacitance without removing the capacitor from а working circuit to reduce the average recovery time is shown. Theoretical foundation of the possibility to measure electric capacitance without a capacitor being withdrawn from a working circuit in smoothing filter mode is worked out; a structural electric circuit of an electric capacitance measuring device is elaborated and the principle of its operation is described; methods of measurement by means of the given device are elaborated; conditions for creating and maintaining the measurement mode of the device are substantiated. The validity of the received results is checked with the help of the programmed package Mathcad, as well as on electric models of the main blocks of the device. The obtained results can be used to measure electric capacitance of electrolytic capacitors during maintenance and electrical equipment renovation and also can promote its reliability.

The article discusses technical proposals for energy saving in high-rise buildings based on the use of “green” energy. These include: the use of hybrid wind and solar power plants and vortex wind-driven power plants with a vertical axis to utilize both the energy of horizontal wind flows at height level and the energy of ascending airflows. The general principles of building hybrid wind and solar power plants for energy conservation in high-rise buildings are set forth based on the analysis of prior art. These include the following: to ensure safe operation and the absence of tele-interruptions, it is advisable to close the wind turbines with a dome design that has a cavity that captures the wind flow; to ensure environmental friendliness and ease of management, it is advisable to use a variety of vertical vortex wind turbines of modular design; for efficient use of solar energy, it is advisable to integrate photovoltaic cells into the outer structure of the dome; To reduce the cost of the project, it is advisable to use the existing high-rise buildings. A vortex wind power installation is proposed, which allows the use of small winds and low-potential thermal flows, to reduce low-frequency vibration, to increase the stability and efficiency of use of wind energy with ease of installation, maintenance and repair.

The article contains the following technical proposals for the power supply of autonomous agricultural facilities using renewable energy sources: the use of hybrid solar-wind power plants, the use of vortex wind power plants with a vertical axis to use both the energy of horizontal wind flows and the energy of upward air flows. The structure and operation algorithm of an autonomous power supply system based on a hybrid solarwind power plant and a diesel generator for autonomous agricultural facilities of small and medium power in regions where there is no distribution electric network are proposed. This system will allow for insufficient wind load to ensure reliable power supply to an autonomous agricultural facility with minimal use of diesel fuel. The design of a vortex wind power installation has been developed. The fastening on the shaft of the wind power installation of a conical helical blade with a variable radius, decreasing in the direction from the lower to the upper cut of the socket, improves the efficiency of the installation. The proposed installation makes it possible to use small winds and low-potential thermal ascending air currents, reduce low-frequency vibration and noise, and also increase the stability and efficiency of use of wind energy.