33 results on '"Yung, Alison R."'
Search Results
2. Cannabidiol for at risk for psychosis youth: A randomized controlled trial.
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Amminger, G. Paul, Lin, Ashleigh, Kerr, Melissa, Weller, Amber, Spark, Jessica, Pugh, Charlotte, O'Callaghan, Sally, Berger, Maximus, Clark, Scott R., Scott, James G., Baker, Andrea, McGregor, Iain, Cotter, David, Sarnyai, Zoltan, Thompson, Andrew, Yung, Alison R., O'Donoghue, Brian, Killackey, Eoin, Mihalopoulos, Cathy, and Yuen, Hok Pan
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PSYCHOSES risk factors ,RANDOMIZED controlled trials ,CANNABIDIOL ,PSYCHOSES ,DRUG therapy - Abstract
Background: No biological treatment has been firmly established for the at‐risk stage of psychotic disorder. In this study we aim to test if subthreshold psychotic symptoms can be effectively treated with cannabidiol (CBD), a non‐psychoactive compound of the plant Cannabis sativa. The question has taken on increased importance in the wake of evidence questioning both the need and efficacy of specific pharmacological interventions in the ultra‐high risk (UHR) for psychosis group. Methods: Three‐arm randomized controlled trial of 405 patients (135 per arm) aged 12–25 years who meet UHR for psychosis criteria. The study includes a 6‐week lead‐in phase during which 10% of UHR individuals are expected to experience symptom remission. Participants will receive CBD (per oral) at doses 600 or 1000 mg per day (fixed schedule) for 12 weeks. Participants in the third arm of the trial will receive matching placebo capsules. Primary outcome is severity of positive psychotic symptoms as measured by the Comprehensive Assessment of At‐Risk Mental States at 12 weeks. We hypothesize that CBD will be significantly more effective than placebo in improving positive psychotic symptoms in UHR patients. All participants will also be followed up 6 months post baseline to evaluate if treatment effects are sustained. Conclusion: This paper reports on the rationale and protocol of the Cannabidiol for At Risk for psychosis Youth (CanARY) study. This study will test CBD for the first time in the UHR phase of psychotic disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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3. Early persistence of psychotic‐like experiences in a community sample of adolescents.
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Hafeez, Danish and Yung, Alison R.
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TEENAGERS , *PSYCHOSES , *PSYCHOLOGICAL distress , *MENTAL depression , *SELF-esteem - Abstract
Aims: Psychotic‐like experiences (PLEs) are common in adolescents. Their persistence may confer increased susceptibility to psychotic disorder. The early evolution of transient to persistent PLEs is not well known. This study aimed to investigate the early persistence of PLEs (over 6–12 months) in a community sample of adolescents and examine baseline and longitudinal associations of early persistent PLEs. Methods: Five hundred and ninety Year 10 students were administered the community assessment of psychic experiences (CAPE) to measure PLEs at baseline and at follow up 6–12 months later. Persistent PLEs were defined as those present at or above the 90th centile at both time points. Independent variables of depression, psychological distress and functioning were all measured at both baseline and follow up. Self‐esteem, personality and suicidality were assessed at follow up. Results: The study found 5.1% of participants had early persistent PLEs. Persistence was associated positively with depression and distress at both time points, neuroticism and openness at baseline and suicidality at follow up. Persistence was negatively associated with functioning at both time points, agreeableness at baseline and self‐esteem at follow‐up. Only depression remained significantly associated at both time points when accounting for other variables. Thus, depressive symptoms may account for changes in other domains and be a predictor of early PLEs persistence. Conclusions: These results reinforce the importance of monitoring and assessing PLEs in young people especially when associated with depression. Further research is required to investigate PLE persistence over longer periods with increased measurement intervals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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4. Greater preference for eveningness is associated with negative symptoms in an ultra‐high risk for psychosis sample.
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Shetty, Jashmina J., Nicholas, Christian, Nelson, Barnaby, McGorry, Patrick D., Lavoie, Suzie, Markulev, Connie, Schäfer, Miriam R., Thompson, Andrew, Yuen, Hok Pan, Yung, Alison R., Nieman, Dorien H., de Haan, Lieuwe, Amminger, G. Paul, and Hartmann, Jessica A.
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SYMPTOMS ,PSYCHOSES ,MENTAL depression ,PREDICTION models ,CLINICAL trials - Abstract
Aim: Investigating biological processes in at‐risk individuals may help elucidate the aetiological mechanisms underlying psychosis development, refine prediction models and improve intervention strategies. This study examined the associations between sleep disturbances, chronotype, depressive and psychotic symptoms in individuals at ultra‐high risk for psychosis. Methods: A sample of 81 ultra‐high risk patients completed clinical interviews and self‐report assessments of chronotype and sleep during the Neurapro clinical trial. Mixed regression was used to investigate the cross‐sectional associations between symptoms and sleep disturbances/chronotype. Results: Sleep disturbances were significantly associated with increased depressive and attenuated positive psychotic symptoms. Greater preference for eveningness was significantly associated with increased negative symptoms, but not with depressive or attenuated positive psychotic symptoms. Conclusion: Sleep disturbances and chronotype may impact the emerging psychopathology experienced by ultra‐high risk individuals. Further, the preliminary relationship observed between greater preference for eveningness and negative symptoms offers a unique opportunity to treat negative symptoms through chronobiological approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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5. Perceived stress and psychosis: The effect of perceived stress on psychotic‐like experiences in a community sample of adolescents.
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Turley, Dan, Drake, Richard, Killackey, Eoin, and Yung, Alison R.
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LIFE change events ,TEENAGERS ,PSYCHOSES ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress ,SENSORY perception ,MENTAL depression - Abstract
Aims: Psychotic‐like experiences (PLE) are sub‐threshold, non‐clinical forms of psychosis which can place an individual at greater risk of development of a psychotic disorder. Subtypes of PLE have also been shown to exist (bizarre experiences, persecutory ideation, perceptual abnormalities and magical thinking). Perceived stress relates to how two individuals may deal with the same objectively stressful event in different ways. The objective of our study was to investigate the extent to which perceived stress is associated with PLE in a community sample of adolescents, whether certain subtypes of PLE correlate more with perceived stress than others and to explore the role of depression with these associations. Methods: A total of 655 students completed the community assessment of psychic experiences (CAPE) and perceived stress scale (PSS). Pearson's correlation was used to investigate the relationship between PSS and CAPE and also between perceived stress and the four subtypes of PLE. Regression then explored the effect of perceived stress on PLE when accounting for depressive symptomatology. Results: Positive correlation was found between PSS and total CAPE (r = 0.405, P = 0.000). Positive significant correlation was also found between PSS and each subtype of PLE, with persecutory ideation correlating the strongest and magical thinking the least. Perceived stress was significantly associated with PLE even after adjusting for depression. Conclusions: We recommend that more regular screening of perceived stress in adolescent populations could lead to earlier recognition of PLE. Early treatment has shown to reduce rates of transition to psychosis, and so could benefit our adolescent community in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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6. Can youth at high risk of illness progression be identified by measures of rumination and sleep‐wake disturbance.
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Grierson, Ashlee B., Scott, Jan, Glozier, Nick, Hickie, Ian B., Amminger, Paul G., Killackey, Eoin, McGorry, Patrick D., Pantelis, Christos, Phillips, Lisa, Scott, Elizabeth, Yung, Alison R., and Purcell, Rosemary
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AT-risk youth ,RUMINATION (Cognition) ,SLEEP interruptions ,DISEASE progression ,FACTOR analysis ,DISEASES ,DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
The article presents a prospective study focusing on whether youth at high risk of illness progression can be identified by measures of rumination, depression and sleep-wake disturbance. Topics include the use of clinical staging to investigate and identify risk factors for illness progression, and the tendency for common dimensions between rumination and sleep-wake disturbance to indicate illness progression in youth.
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- 2019
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7. Exploring functional impairment in young people at ultra‐high risk for psychosis: A qualitative study.
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Cotter, Jack, Bucci, Sandra, Drake, Richard J., Yung, Alison R., Carney, Rebekah, and Edge, Dawn
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YOUTH ,PSYCHOSES ,AT-risk people ,DISABILITIES ,PSYCHOLOGICAL factors ,PSYCHIATRIC nursing - Abstract
Aim: Many young people at ultra‐high risk (UHR) of developing psychosis exhibit marked and persistent impairments in social and occupational functioning. We aimed to explore UHR patients' subjective experiences of these difficulties and their causes. Methods: We conducted semi‐structured interviews with 20 UHR individuals recruited from Early Detection and Intervention Teams in Northwest England. Topics covered included how participants spent their time, their interpersonal relationships, academic and occupational performance, premorbid functioning and clinical treatment. Thematic analysis was used to examine the prevailing themes. Results: The sample included individuals with varying degrees of functional impairment, ranging from mild to severe difficulties in functioning. Analysis of the qualitative data elicited themes around 2 topics: breadth of functional difficulties and subjective reasons for poor functioning. Participants reported a range of impairments in their social and occupational functioning which they attributed to a combination of clinical, cognitive and psychological factors. These included variables previously identified in the quantitative literature such as psychiatric symptoms, adverse life experiences and cognitive deficits. However, our findings also included other factors which have received comparably little attention such as self‐stigmatizing attitudes and dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs. Conclusions: We propose a model that attempts to explain how these variables interact to drive and sustain functional impairment in the UHR population. This will assist in the development of clinical interventions aimed at promoting functional recovery among UHR individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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8. Adjunctive nutrients in first‐episode psychosis: A systematic review of efficacy, tolerability and neurobiological mechanisms.
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Firth, Joseph, Sarris, Jerome, Yung, Alison R., Rosenbaum, Simon, Ward, Philip B., Curtis, Jackie, and Teasdale, Scott B.
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PSYCHOSES ,AMINO acids ,ANTIOXIDANTS ,SCHIZOPHRENIA ,GLUTATHIONE - Abstract
Aim: The effects of nutrient‐based treatments, including adjunctive vitamin or antioxidant supplementation, have been explored extensively in long‐term schizophrenia. However, no systematic evaluation of trials in “first‐episode psychosis” (FEP) has been conducted, despite the potential benefits of using these treatments during the early stages of illness. Therefore, we aimed to review all studies examining efficacy, tolerability and the biological mechanisms of action, of nutrient supplementation in FEP. Methods: A systematic review of electronic databases was conducted from inception to July 2017. All information on feasibility, clinical outcomes and mechanistic findings from nutrient supplementation clinical trials was extracted and systematically synthesized. Results: Eleven studies with a total of 451 patients with FEP (from 8 independent randomized controlled trials) were eligible for inclusion. Six studies examined omega‐3 fatty acids, with inconsistent effects on psychiatric symptoms. However, mechanistic studies found significant improvements in hippocampal neuronal health and brain glutathione. Antioxidants “n‐acetyl cysteine” (n = 1) and vitamin C (n = 2) also improved oxidative status in FEP, which was associated with reduced psychiatric symptoms. No benefits were found for vitamin E (n = 1). Finally, one study trialling the amino acid taurine, showed significant improvements in positive symptoms and psychosocial functioning. Conclusion: There is preliminary evidence that taurine improves outcomes in FEP, whereas effects of omega‐3 and antioxidant vitamins/amino‐acids are inconsistent; perhaps mainly benefitting patients with high levels of oxidative stress. Future studies should evaluate multifaceted dietary and supplementation interventions in FEP; targeting‐specific nutritional deficits and the range of aberrant biological processes implicated in the disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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9. Long‐term maintenance and effects of exercise in early psychosis.
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Firth, Joseph, Carney, Rebekah, French, Paul, Elliott, Rebecca, Cotter, Jack, and Yung, Alison R.
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EXERCISE ,PSYCHOSES ,EARLY medical intervention ,PSYCHOLOGICAL manifestations of general diseases ,PHYSICAL activity ,COGNITION - Abstract
Abstract: Aim: The aims of this study were to examine if people with first‐episode psychosis (FEP) are able to continue adhering to exercise after a supervised intervention and to explore if the benefits of exercise can be sustained. Methods: Twenty‐eight persons with FEP took part in a 10‐week exercise intervention that provided each participant with twice‐weekly accompaniment to exercise activities of their own choice, of whom 20 were re‐assessed 6 months after the intervention. Long‐term adherence to exercise was assessed, and measures of psychiatric symptoms, physical health, neurocognition and social functioning were administered at baseline, post‐intervention and 6‐month follow‐up. Results: During the supervised intervention, participants achieved 124.4 min of moderate‐to‐vigorous exercise per week. After 6 months, physical activity levels had decreased significantly (P = 0.025) and only 55% of participants had continued to exercise weekly. Repeated‐measures analysis of variance found that the significant improvements in psychiatric symptoms and social functioning observed immediately after the intervention were maintained at 6 months (P = 0.001). However, post hoc analyses showed that symptomatic reductions were only maintained for those who continued to exercise, whereas symptom scores increased among those who had ceased exercising. Previously observed improvements in waist circumference and verbal memory were lost by 6 months. Conclusion: Long‐term exercise participation is associated with significant benefits for symptoms, cognition and social functioning in FEP. However, adherence to unsupervised exercise is low. Future research should explore the effectiveness of ‘step‐down’ support following supervised interventions, and aim to establish sustainable methods for maintaining regular exercise in order to facilitate functional recovery and maintain physical health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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10. Monitoring of physical health in services for young people at ultra‐high risk of psychosis.
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Carney, Rebekah, Bradshaw, Tim, and Yung, Alison R.
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PSYCHOSES ,SCHIZOPHRENIA ,HEALTH ,EARLY death ,HEALTH status indicators - Abstract
Abstract: Aim: People with schizophrenia have poor physical health and high rates of premature mortality. Risk factors for later cardiovascular disease are present from an early stage, and recording of these factors is recommended in first‐episode services. However, it is unclear whether cardiometabolic risk factors are monitored prior to first‐episode psychosis. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on case notes of individuals accepted into a specialized early detection service for young people at ultra‐high risk for psychosis. Notes were assessed to determine whether the following physical health measures were recorded: height, weight, body mass index, blood pressure, blood glucose and lipids, physical activity levels, smoking status, substance use and alcohol intake. Results: Forty individuals were deemed at ultra‐high risk for psychosis and accepted into the service. The two measures reported most frequently were whether a person used substances (82.5%) or alcohol (72.5%), but more specific details were not commonly reported. A minority of case files contained information on height (2.5%), weight (7.5%), body mass index (5%), blood glucose (2.5%), smoking status (15%) and physical activity (7.5%). Six case files had no measure of physical health. Conclusions: Physical health and unhealthy lifestyle factors were not assessed routinely in the specialized service. Clear monitoring guidelines should be developed to establish routine assessment of common metabolic risk factors present in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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11. NEURAPRO-E study protocol: a multicentre randomized controlled trial of omega-3 fatty acids and cognitive-behavioural case management for patients at ultra high risk of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders.
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Markulev, Connie, McGorry, Patrick D., Nelson, Barnaby, Yuen, Hok Pan, Schaefer, Miriam, Yung, Alison R., Thompson, Andrew, Berger, Gregor, Mossaheb, Nilufar, Schlögelhofer, Monika, Smesny, Stefan, Haan, Lieuwe, Riecher‐Rössler, Anita, Nordentoft, Merete, Chen, Eric Yu Hai, Verma, Swapna, Hickie, Ian, and Amminger, G. Paul
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PSYCHOSES ,PSYCHIATRIC treatment ,THERAPEUTIC use of omega-3 fatty acids ,NEUROPROTECTIVE agents ,SCHIZOPHRENIA ,PREVENTION ,THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Aim Recent research has indicated that preventative intervention is likely to benefit patients 'at-risk' for psychosis, both in terms of symptom reduction and delay or prevention of onset of threshold psychotic disorder. The strong preliminary results for the effectiveness of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ( PUFAs), coupled with the falling transition rate in ultra high-risk ( UHR) samples, mean that further study of such benign, potentially neuroprotective interventions is clinically and ethically required. Employing a multicentre approach, enabling a large sample size, this study will provide important information with regard to the use of omega-3 PUFAs in the UHR group. Methods This trial is a 6-month, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial of 1.4 g day
−1 omega-3 PUFAs in UHR patients aged between 13 and 40 years. The primary hypothesis is that UHR patients receiving omega-3 PUFAs plus cognitive-behavioural case management ( CBCM) will be less likely to transition to psychosis over a 6-month period compared to treatment with placebo plus CBCM. Secondary outcomes will examine symptomatic and functional changes, as well as examine if candidate risk factors predict response to omega-3 PUFA treatment in the UHR group. Conclusion This is the protocol of the NeuraproE study. Utilizing a large sample, results from this study will be important in informing indicated prevention strategies for schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, which may be the strongest avenue for reducing the burden, stigmatization, disability and economic consequences of these disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
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12. Prolonged duration of untreated psychosis: a problem that needs addressing.
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Cotter, Jack, Zabel, Elisabeth, French, Paul, and Yung, Alison R.
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PSYCHOSES ,MENTAL health services ,MENTAL health ,EARLY medical intervention - Abstract
Aim The duration of untreated psychosis ( DUP) refers to the period of time between the emergence of psychotic symptoms and the initiation of appropriate clinical treatment. Prolonged DUP is associated with a range of adverse consequences, including more severe illness course, cognitive deficits and poor functioning. Problems with recognition of illness and in seeking help contribute to DUP, but another major cause of prolonged DUP is delays within secondary mental health services. In an attempt to reduce these delays, National Health Service England and the Department of Health have set new targets to improve access to early intervention services which will come into effect in April 2016. Given this background, we aimed to examine the DUP and pathways to care of new patients entering an early intervention service. We also examined whether they were receiving National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) concordant treatment. This will enable us to establish a baseline so that the impact of the new targets can be determined and to assess the degree of change that will be required to implement these. Methods De-identified electronic records of 165 patients accepted into the service over a 12-month period were analysed. Results Median DUP was 6 months. There was a median of 2 contacts prior to service entry. Community Mental Health Teams were the largest source of referrals. Conclusions The majority of patients had a DUP exceeding the international target of 3 months. The findings appear to support previous evidence that this may be partially attributable to significant delays within the mental health care system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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13. Youth depression alleviation: the Fish Oil Youth Depression Study ( YoDA-F): A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment trial.
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Rice, Simon M., Hickie, Ian B., Yung, Alison R., Mackinnon, Andrew, Berk, Michael, Davey, Christopher, Hermens, Daniel F., Hetrick, Sarah E., Parker, Alexandra G., Schäfer, Miriam R., McGorry, Patrick D., and Amminger, G. Paul
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MENTAL depression ,MENTAL health of youth ,PLACEBOS ,RANDOMIZED controlled trials ,BLIND experiment - Abstract
Aim US authorities have recommended 'black-box' warnings for antidepressants because of the increased risk of suicidality for individuals up to age 25. There is thus a clinical and ethical imperative to provide effective treatment for youth depression with an acceptable risk-benefit balance. Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ( PUFAs) play an important role in a range of physiological processes in living organisms. Supplementation with omega-3 PUFAs has been shown to have a range of beneficial effects on both physical and mental health, and results of previous trials suggest that omega-3 PUFAs may be a safe and effective treatment for depression. However, conclusions from these trials have been limited by their relatively small sample sizes. Methods This trial will test the effectiveness of a 12-week parallel group, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of 1.4 g day
−1 omega-3 PUFAs in help seeking 15- to 25-year-olds ( N = 400) presenting with major depressive disorder. The primary hypothesis is that young people will show greater improvement of depressive symptoms after 12 weeks of treatment with omega-3 PUFAs plus cognitive behavioural case management compared with treatment with placebo plus cognitive behavioural case management. Conclusion Because of using a large sample, results from this study will provide the strongest evidence to date to inform the use of omega-3 PUFAs as first-line therapy in young people presenting with major depressive disorder. The study also heralds an important step towards indicated prevention of persistent depression, which may reduce the burden, stigmatization, disability and economic consequences of this disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
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14. Distress in relation to attenuated psychotic symptoms in the ultra-high-risk population is not associated with increased risk of psychotic disorder.
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Power, Lucy, Polari, Andrea R., Yung, Alison R., McGorry, Patrick D., and Nelson, Barnaby
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PSYCHOLOGICAL distress ,PSYCHOSES ,ANTIPSYCHOTIC agents ,META-analysis ,BODY mass index - Abstract
Aim The 'ultra-high-risk' criteria identify a clinical population at substantially increased risk for progressing to schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Although a number of clinical variables predictive of transition to psychotic disorder have been identified within this population, the predictive value of the level of distress associated with attenuated psychotic symptoms has not yet been examined. This was the aim of the present study. Method The level of distress (0-100) associated with attenuated psychotic symptoms was recorded for 70 ultra-high-risk ( UHR) patients using the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental State ( CAARMS). Transition to psychosis was assessed over a 16-month follow-up period. Results Of the 70 UHR patients, 15 transitioned to psychosis (21.4%). Of the four CAARMS subscales measuring attenuated positive symptoms, Perceptual Abnormalities was rated as the most distressing. There were no differences in CAARMS scales rated as the most distressing between those who transitioned to psychosis and those who did not. There was also no association between higher levels of distress associated with attenuated psychotic symptoms and transition to psychosis. Conclusion Although the findings require replication, they indicate that the degree of distress associated with attenuated psychotic symptoms should not be used as a criterion for enriching UHR samples for risk of frank psychotic disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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15. Demographic and clinical characteristics of young people seeking help at youth mental health services: baseline findings of the Transitions Study.
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Purcell, Rosemary, Jorm, Anthony F., Hickie, Ian B., Yung, Alison R., Pantelis, Christos, Amminger, G. Paul, Glozier, Nick, Killackey, Eoin, Phillips, Lisa J., Wood, Stephen J., Harrigan, Susy, Mackinnon, Andrew, Scott, Elizabeth, Hermens, Daniel F., Guastella, Adam J., Kenyon, Amanda, Mundy, Laura, Nichles, Alissa, Scaffidi, Antoinette, and Spiliotacopoulos, Daniela
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YOUNG adults ,YOUTH ,MENTAL health services ,HEALTH programs ,ANXIETY - Published
- 2015
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16. Declining transition rates to psychosis: the contribution of potential changes in referral pathways to an ultra-high-risk service.
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Wiltink, Suzanne, Velthorst, Eva, Nelson, Barnaby, McGorry, Patrick M., and Yung, Alison R.
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PSYCHOSES risk factors ,AWARENESS ,MENTAL health services ,STANDARD deviations ,PSYCHOLOGICAL research - Abstract
Aim On the basis of applying 'ultra-high-risk' ( UHR) criteria, initially high rates of transition to psychosis were reported. However, a decline in transition to psychosis has been observed in recent years. The current descriptive paper aims to investigate if this drop in transition rate may be due to potential changes in patterns of referral to a large UHR clinic. Methods One hundred fifty young people who were referred to the Personal Assessment and Crisis Evaluation ( PACE) Clinic in Melbourne, Australia, between August 2000 and July 2004 were included. Their referral pathways were assessed using a semistructured interview. Results were compared with a similar study of a cohort referred to the same clinic between 1995 and 1996. Results The mean number of contacts prior to referral to the PACE Clinic was 1.93 (standard deviation ( SD) = 1.15), and the average time between symptom onset and referral to PACE was 46.5 weeks ( SD = 57.4). In comparison with the earlier cohort (mean = 2.36; SD = 1.32), our results indicate a lower number of contacts ( Cohen's d = 0.35, r = 0.17). Furthermore, participants in the current study were referred twice as fast to the PACE Clinic. Conclusions Increasing awareness of UHR symptoms among professionals and in the general population seems to have resulted in faster referral of young people to specialized mental health services. The global drop in transition rate might be due to a change in referral pathways to UHR services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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17. Is basic self-disturbance in ultra-high risk for psychosis ('prodromal') patients associated with borderline personality pathology?
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Nelson, Barnaby, Thompson, Andrew, Chanen, Andrew M., Amminger, Günther Paul, and Yung, Alison R.
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TREATMENT of borderline personality disorder ,PSYCHOSES risk factors ,SCHIZOPHRENIA -- Social aspects ,PATHOLOGY ,SELF advocacy ,PERSONALITY tests ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Aim Research in the phenomenological tradition suggests that the schizophrenia spectrum is characterized by disturbance of the 'basic' self, whereas borderline personality disorder involves disturbance of the 'narrative' self. The current study investigated this proposal in an ultra-high risk for psychosis sample. Methods The sample consisted of 42 ultra-high-risk participants with a mean age of 19.22 years. Basic self-disturbance was measured using the Examination of Anomalous Self- Experience. Borderline personality pathology was measured using the borderline personality disorder items from the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition) Axis II Personality Questionnaire. Results No correlation was found between the measures of basic self-disturbance and borderline personality pathology. Conclusions The finding is consistent with the proposal that different (although not mutually exclusive) types of self-disturbance characterize the schizophrenia spectrum and borderline personality disorder. Further research should further examine the question of basic self-disturbance in patients with established borderline personality disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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18. Not all first-episode psychosis is the same: preliminary evidence of greater basic self-disturbance in schizophrenia spectrum cases.
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Nelson, Barnaby, Thompson, Andrew, and Yung, Alison R.
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PSYCHOSES ,SCHIZOPHRENIA ,STRUCTURED Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Dissociative Disorders ,PSYCHIATRY ,MENTAL health ,YOUTH health - Abstract
Aim Disturbance in the basic sense of self has previously been found to characterize schizophrenia spectrum disorders and to predict onset of psychosis in the ultra-high-risk population. The current study examined basic self-disturbance in a first-episode psychosis (FEP) population. We hypothesized that basic self-disturbance would be more prominent in cases with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder compared to those with other psychoses. Method Sixteen FEP patients from Orygen Youth Health, Melbourne, were recruited to the study. Participants were assessed using the Examination of Anomalous Self-Experience and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM- IV. Results Basic self-disturbance scores were significantly higher in patients with a schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis ( n = 8) compared to patients with other psychotic diagnoses ( n = 8). Conclusions The findings are consistent with previous work indicating that the disturbance of the basic sense of self is more characteristic of schizophrenia spectrum psychosis than other psychoses. This may have implications for early diagnosis, clinical formulation and intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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19. Psychotic experience subtypes, poor mental health status and help-seeking behaviour in a community sample of young adults.
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Armando, Marco, Nelson, Barnaby, Yung, Alison R., Saba, Riccardo, Monducci, Elena, Dario, Claudia, Righetti, Valentino, Birchwood, Maximilian, Fiori Nastro, Paolo, and Girardi, Paolo
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PSYCHOSES ,EARLY medical intervention ,MENTAL health of young adults ,FACTOR analysis ,LONGITUDINAL method ,HELP-seeking behavior - Abstract
Background: Different subtypes of psychotic experiences (PEs) have been identified in clinical and non-clinical samples. Researchers have considered these PEs to either be variations of personality or expressions of vulnerability to psychotic disorder. This study aimed to determine which particular subtypes of PEs were more likely to be associated with poor mental health status and help-seeking behaviour in a non-clinical sample of young adults. Methods: The study was conducted on a community sample of 997 young adults. The prevalence of PEs and distress was measured using the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences ( CAPE), depressive and anxiety symptoms were measured using Beck Depression Inventory-II and Beck Anxiety Inventory, and general functioning was measured using the General Health Questionnaire-12. Factorial analysis of the CAPE positive dimension was conducted and correlations between factors and clinical variables were analysed. Results: Four PE subtypes were identified: perceptual abnormalities, persecutory ideas (PI), bizarre experiences, and magical thinking. At least one high frequency PI was endorsed by 60.8% ( n = 606) of the sample and proved to be significantly associated both with poor mental health status and help-seeking behaviour. Conclusion: PEs subtypes are differentially associated with various markers of poor mental health status. PI seem to have stronger psychopathological significance than other subtypes of PEs. Further longitudinal studies are required to extend these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
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20. Borderline personality features and development of psychosis in an 'Ultra High Risk' (UHR) population: a case control study.
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Thompson, Andrew, Nelson, Barnaby, Bechdolf, Andreas, Chanen, Andrew M., Domingues, Isabel, McDougall, Emma, and Yung, Alison R.
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PSYCHOSES ,MENTAL health ,BORDERLINE personality disorder ,DISEASE risk factors ,PERSONALITY disorders ,CASE-control method - Abstract
Aims: There is clinical uncertainty as to whether borderline personality disorder (BPD) traits in those with an 'at risk mental state' have an effect on the risk of 'transition' to psychosis. We aimed to investigate the relationship between baseline BPD features, risk of transition and type of psychotic disorder experienced. Method: This is a case-control study of 'Ultra High Risk' (UHR) for psychosis patients treated at the clinic, between 2004 and 2007. 'Cases' were UHR individuals who made the 'transition' to full threshold psychotic disorder within 24 months; 'Control' group was a matched UHR sample who had not developed a psychotic disorder at 24 months. Individuals were matched on time of entry to the clinic, age and gender. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition ( DSM-IV) BPD features were assessed from clinical assessments using a structured instrument (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Disorder for BPD (SCID-II BPD) ). Psychosis diagnosis following transition was rated from the clinical files using the operational criteria in studies of psychotic illness (OPCRIT) computer algorithm. The number of BPD traits and number with full threshold BPD were compared in those who developed psychosis and those who did not. Results: We analysed data from 48 cases and 48 controls. There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of transition to psychosis for those with baseline full-threshold BPD, compared with those without BPD. The number of BPD traits or number with full threshold BPD did not differ by psychosis diagnosis grouping. Conclusions: Co-occurring BPD or BPD features does not appear to strongly influence the risk of short-term transition to psychosis or the risk of developing a non-affective psychotic disorder in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
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21. Markers of vulnerability to obsessive-compulsive disorder in an ultra-high risk sample of patients who developed psychosis.
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Fontenelle, Leonardo F., Lin, Ashleigh, Pantelis, Christos, Wood, Stephen J., Nelson, Barnaby, and Yung, Alison R.
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OBSESSIVE-compulsive disorder ,COMPULSIVE behavior ,PSYCHOSES ,SCHIZOPHRENIA ,MENTAL illness - Abstract
Aims: The study aims to identify markers of vulnerability to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in an ultra-high risk sample of patients who developed psychosis. Methods: Three hundred and eleven patients at ultra-high risk for psychosis were examined at baseline and after a mean of 7.4 years follow-up. Patients who developed psychosis with OCD (PSY + OCD; n = 13) and psychosis without OCD (PSY − OCD; n = 45) were compared in terms of socio-demographic and clinical features. Results: PSY + OCD patients displayed greater severity of depression before and after conversion to PSY + OCD, and increased rates of depressive disorders before exhibiting PSY + OCD. However, they only displayed greater severity of anxiety and increased rates of non-OCD anxiety disorders after psychosis. Further, PSY + OCD patients were more likely to report a positive family history for anxiety disorders than PSY − OCD. Conclusion: Although depression and a family history of anxiety disorder may act as vulnerability markers for OCD in psychosis, the resulting anxiety may be a correlate or a consequence of PSY + OCD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
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22. Social cognition deficits and the 'ultra high risk' for psychosis population: a review of literature.
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Thompson, Andrew D., Bartholomeusz, Cali, and Yung, Alison R.
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SOCIAL perception ,COGNITION disorders ,PSYCHOSES ,SOCIAL skills ,MENTAL health - Abstract
Aim: A number of risk factors for developing a psychotic disorder have been investigated in the 'ultra high risk' (UHR) population, including neurocognitive abilities, social functioning and, more recently, social cognition. We aimed to review the literature on social cognition in the UHR population. Methods: Literature was restricted to English articles and identified using Pubmed, Medline, PsychINFO and CINAHLplus, as well as the reference lists of published studies and reviews. Search terms included social cognition, theory of mind, emotion recognition, attributional style, social knowledge, social perception, 'at risk mental state', psychosis prodrome 'clinical high risk' and 'ultra high risk'. Inclusion criteria were an outcome measure of a social cognition task and an UHR population defined by a structured validated instrument. Results: Seven original research articles met the inclusion criteria, one of which was a conference abstract. One of the two studies that assessed theory of mind, two of the four studies that assessed emotion recognition and both the two studies that assessed social perception/knowledge found significant deficits in UHR patients. The single study that assessed attributional bias also reported differences in UHR patients compared with healthy controls. Conclusions: There is limited published literature on social cognitive performance in the UHR population. Despite this, deficits in certain social cognitive abilities do appear to be present, but further research with more reliable cross-cultural measures is needed. The characterization of social cognitive deficits in the UHR populations may aid in the identification of potential markers for development of a subsequent psychotic disorder, as well as targets for early intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
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- View/download PDF
23. Young people at ultra high risk for psychosis: a research update.
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Yung, Alison R. and Nelson, Barnaby
- Subjects
- *
PSYCHOSES in adolescence , *SCHIZOPHRENIA , *MENTAL illness ,PSYCHIATRIC research ,PSYCHOSES risk factors - Abstract
Over the last fifteen years attempts have been made to prospectively identify individuals in the prodromal phase of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. The 'ultra high risk' approach, based on a combination of known trait and state risk factors, has been the main strategy used. The validation of the ultra high risk criteria led to a series of intervention studies in this population. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of ultra high risk research. We review studies in this area, focusing on intervention research. Intervention studies have included the use of low dose antipsychotic medication, cognitive therapy, and omega-3 fatty acids. The evidence for specific intervention strategies for this population is moderate and requires replication with larger samples. Recently, it has been proposed to include an adaption of the ultra high risk criteria in the next version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition). This has raised some controversy in the field. The authors conclude that it would be premature to include the Risk Syndrome in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders at this stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2011
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24. Does disturbance of self underlie social cognition deficits in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders?
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Nelson, Barnaby, Sass, Louis A., Thompson, Andrew, Yung, Alison R., Francey, Shona M., Amminger, G. Paul, and McGorry, Patrick D.
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PSYCHOSES ,COGNITIVE ability ,SOCIAL perception ,SCHIZOPHRENIA ,PATHOLOGICAL psychology - Abstract
Aim: Although the different approaches to psychosis research have made significant advances in their own fields, integration between the approaches is often lacking. This paper attempts to integrate a strand of cognitive research in psychotic disorders (specifically, social cognition research) with phenomenological accounts of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Method: The paper is a critical investigation of phenomenological models of disturbed selfhood in schizophrenia in relation to cognitive theories of social cognition in psychotic disorders. Results: We argue that disturbance of the basic sense of self, as articulated in the phenomenological literature, may underlie the social cognition difficulties present in psychotic disorders. This argument is based on phenomenological thinking about self-presence (‘ipseity’) being the primary or most basic ground for the intentionality of consciousness – that is, the directedness of consciousness towards others and the world. A disruption in this basic ground of conscious life has a reverberating effect through other areas of cognitive and social functioning. We propose three routes whereby self-disturbance may compromise social cognition, including dissimilarity, disruption of lived body and disturbed mental coherence. Conclusions: If this model is supported, then social cognition difficulties may be thought of as a secondary index or marker of the more primary disturbance of self in psychotic disorders. Further empirical work examining the relationship between cognitive and phenomenological variables may be of value in identifying risk markers for psychosis onset, thus contributing to early intervention efforts, as well as in clarifying the essential psychopathological features of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
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25. Cost implications of specific and non-specific treatment for young persons at ultra high risk of developing a first episode of psychosis.
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Phillips, Lisa J., Cotton, Sue, Mihalopoulos, Cathrine, Shih, Sophy, Yung, Alison R., Carter, Rob, and McGorry, Patrick D.
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PSYCHOSES ,PATHOLOGICAL psychology ,MANIA ,DEMENTIA ,PARANOIA - Abstract
Aim: Costs associated with mental health treatment for young persons at ‘ultra’ high risk (UHR) of developing a psychotic disorder have not previously been reported. This paper reports cost implications of providing psychological and pharmacological intervention for individuals at UHR for psychosis compared with minimal psychological treatment. Method: Mental health service costs associated with a randomized controlled trial of two treatments (Specific Preventive Intervention: SPI and Needs-Based Intervention: NBI) for UHR young persons were estimated and compared at three time points: treatment phase, short-term follow up and medium-term follow up. Results: Although the SPI group incurred significantly higher treatment costs than the NBI group over the treatment phase, they incurred significantly lower outpatient treatment costs over the longer term. Conclusion: This study indicates that specific interventions designed to treat young persons who are identified as being at UHR of psychosis might be associated with some cost savings compared with non-specific interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
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26. Motives for substance use among young people seeking mental health treatment.
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Hides, Leanne, Lubman, Dan I., Cosgrave, Elizabeth M., Buckby, Joe A., Killackey, Eoin, and Yung, Alison R.
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SUBSTANCE abuse ,MOTIVATION (Psychology) ,ALCOHOLISM ,DRUG abuse ,MENTAL health of youth ,MENTAL illness treatment - Abstract
Aims: To explore substance use motives among young people seeking mental health treatment. Methods: Participants consisted of 103 young people seeking mental health treatment, who had used drugs or alcohol in the past year. The young people completed a 42-item substance use motives measure based on the Drinking Motives Measure for their most frequently used substance in the past year. Results: Exploratory factor analysis of the substance use motives scale indicated the young people reported using substances for positive and negative drug effects, to socialize with their peers, and to cope with a negative affect. They did not report using substances for enhancement or conformity motives. Coping motives predicted the presence of a current substance use disorder. Conclusions: The findings support the need for integrated treatment approaches within mental health settings, particularly targeted at young people with co-occurring mental health and substance use problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
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27. Identification and treatment of the prodromal phase of psychotic disorders: perspectives from the PACE Clinic.
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Yung, Alison R.
- Subjects
- *
PSYCHOSES , *PSYCHIATRIC treatment , *SCHIZOPHRENIA , *MENTAL health services , *PSYCHOLOGICAL distress , *OMEGA-3 fatty acids , *COGNITIVE therapy - Abstract
Aim: To describe the development of the field of prodromal intervention in psychotic disorders and to summarize the findings from the PACE Clinic, the inaugural service devoted to this area. Method: A review of the PACE Clinic studies, with reference to the work of other groups. Results: The aims of intervention before the onset of psychosis are to alleviate current distress and impairment and to either prevent, delay or ameliorate the onset of more severe psychotic disorder. To do this, it is necessary to be able to first accurately identify those in the earliest stages of a potentially serious psychotic disorder, and second to effectively slow or prevent progression to more advanced illness. Criteria have been developed which have predicted onset of psychotic disorder inover 30% of so-called ‘ultra high risk’ individuals. Treatment trials have been promising, and to date have examined the effects of antipsychotic medication, cognitive therapy and a combination of the two. Recently, omega-3 fatty acids have also been shown to be effective. However, there are also pitfalls of working in the prodromal area, including ethical concerns and more recently the possibility that there is a decline in the rate of transition from ultra-high-risk state to first-episode psychosis. Conclusions: The field of prodromal intervention in psychotic disorders is an exciting one as it offers the possibility of prevention of full-blown disorder and its related negative sequelae. However, there are many issues that need to be dealt with in order to achieve this goal, and ongoing evaluation of methods to identify and treat such individuals is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
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28. When things are not as they seem: detecting first-episode psychosis upon referral to ultra high risk (‘prodromal’) clinics.
- Author
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Nelson, Barnaby and Yung, Alison R.
- Subjects
- *
PSYCHOSES , *PATHOLOGICAL psychology , *MANIA , *BIPOLAR disorder , *MEDICAL referrals , *DIAGNOSIS - Abstract
The current paper examines a neglected function of ‘ultra high risk’ (UHR) clinics: to detect first-episode psychosis (FEP) mistakenly identified as a prodrome. A clinical audit was conducted of referrals to a UHR service, the Personal Assessment and Crisis Evaluation Clinic, over a 12-month period (April 2005–March 2006). In this audit, 11.4% of the total number of referrals ( n= 149) and 11.9% of those who attended a first appointment were psychotic on referral. These figures indicate that a substantial proportion of individuals thought to be prodromal are in fact suffering FEP. UHR clinics minimize duration of untreated psychosis for FEP patients mistaken as prodromal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
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29. Antipsychotic treatment of UHR (‘prodromal’) individuals.
- Author
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Yung, Alison R.
- Subjects
- *
ANTIPSYCHOTIC agents , *PSYCHIATRIC drugs , *DRUG therapy for psychoses , *PATHOLOGICAL psychology - Abstract
The author discusses the therapeutic efficacy of administering antipsychotic medications to individuals with ultra-high risk (UHR) psychosis, in relation to the North American Prodome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS) on the treatment history of UHR patients. He describes the proportion of individuals receiving such treatment, noting the significant number of young people that receive the medications off-label. He explains his belief that clinicians also use antipsychotic drugs to prevent the onset of psychotic disorders.
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- 2010
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30. Ultra‐high risk phase: A missed opportunity for physical health care.
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Carney, Rebekah, Bradshaw, Tim, and Yung, Alison R.
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EARLY medical intervention ,PSYCHIATRY ,MENTAL health - Published
- 2018
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31. An open label pilot trial of low‐dose lithium for young people at ultra‐high risk for psychosis.
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Rice, Simon M., Nelson, Barnaby, Amminger, G. Paul, Francey, Shona M., Phillips, Lisa J., Simmons, Magenta B., Ross, Margaret, Yuen, Hok Pan, Yung, Alison R., O'Gorman, Kieran, McGorry, Patrick D., Wood, Stephen J., and Berger, Gregor E.
- Abstract
Aim Methods Results Conclusions Lithium, even at low doses, appears to offer neuroprotection against a wide variety of insults. In this controlled pilot, we examined the safety (i.e., side‐effect profile) of lithium in a sample of young people identified at ultra‐high risk (UHR) for psychosis. The secondary aim was to explore whether lithium provided a signal of clinical efficacy in reducing transition to psychosis compared with treatment as usual (TAU).Young people attending the PACE clinic at Orygen, Melbourne, were prescribed a fixed dose (450 mg) of lithium (n = 25) or received TAU (n = 78). The primary outcome examined side‐effects, with transition to psychosis, functioning and measures of psychopathology assessed as secondary outcomes.Participants in both groups were functionally compromised (lithium group GAF = 56.6; monitoring group GAF = 56.9). Side‐effect assessment indicated that lithium was well‐tolerated. 64% (n = 16) of participants in the lithium group were lithium‐adherent to week 12. Few cases transitioned to psychosis across the study period; lithium group 4% (n = 1); monitoring group 7.7% (n = 6). There was no difference in time to transition to psychosis between the groups. No group differences were observed in other functioning and symptom domains, although all outcomes improved over time.With a side‐effect profile either comparable to, or better than UHR antipsychotic trials, lithium might be explored for further research with UHR young people. A definitive larger trial is needed to determine the efficacy of lithium in this cohort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Exercise as an intervention for first‐episode psychosis: a feasibility study.
- Author
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Firth, Joseph, Carney, Rebekah, Elliott, Rebecca, French, Paul, Parker, Sophie, Mcintyre, Rebecca, Mcphee, Jamie S., and Yung, Alison R.
- Subjects
PSYCHOSES ,PSYCHIATRIC treatment ,EXERCISE & psychology ,HEALTH & psychology ,PEOPLE with schizophrenia ,SHORT-term memory - Abstract
Abstract: Aim: Exercise can improve psychiatric symptoms, neurocognitive functioning and physical health in schizophrenia. However, the effects in early psychosis have not been explored. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of an exercise intervention for early psychosis and to determine if it was associated with changes in physical and mental health. Methods: Thirty‐one patients with first‐episode psychosis (FEP) were recruited from early intervention services to a 10‐week exercise intervention. The intervention group received individualized training programmes, aiming to achieve ≥90 min of moderate‐to‐vigorous activity each week, using exercise programmes tailored to individual preferences and needs. A comparison FEP sample from the same services (n = 7) received treatment as usual. Results: Rates of consent and retention in the exercise group were 94% and 81%, respectively. Participants achieved an average of 107 min of moderate‐to‐vigorous exercise per week. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total scores reduced by 13.3 points after 10 weeks of exercise, which was significantly greater than the treatment as usual comparison group (P = 0.010). The greatest differences were observed in negative symptoms, which reduced by 33% in the intervention group (P = 0.013). Significant improvements were also observed in psychosocial functioning and verbal short‐term memory. Increases in cardiovascular fitness and processing speed were positively associated with the amounts of exercise achieved by participants. Conclusion: Individualized exercise training could provide a feasible treatment option for improving symptomatic, neurocognitive and metabolic outcomes in FEP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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33. Development of the PSYCHS: Positive SYmptoms and Diagnostic Criteria for the CAARMS Harmonized with the SIPS.
- Author
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Woods SW, Parker S, Kerr MJ, Walsh BC, Wijtenburg SA, Prunier N, Nunez AR, Buccilli K, Mourgues-Codern C, Brummitt K, Kinney KS, Trankler C, Szacilo J, Colton BL, Ali M, Haidar A, Billah T, Huynh K, Ahmed U, Adery LL, Marcy PJ, Allott K, Amminger P, Arango C, Broome MR, Cadenhead KS, Chen EYH, Choi J, Conus P, Cornblatt BA, Glenthøj LB, Horton LE, Kambeitz J, Kapur T, Keshavan MS, Koutsouleris N, Langbein K, Lavoie S, Diaz-Caneja CM, Mathalon DH, Mittal VA, Nordentoft M, Pasternak O, Pearlson GD, Gaspar PA, Shah JL, Smesny S, Stone WS, Strauss GP, Wang J, Corcoran CM, Perkins DO, Schiffman J, Perez J, Mamah D, Ellman LM, Powers AR 3rd, Coleman MJ, Anticevic A, Fusar-Poli P, Kane JM, Kahn RS, McGorry PD, Bearden CE, Shenton ME, Nelson B, Calkins ME, Hendricks L, Bouix S, Addington J, McGlashan TH, and Yung AR
- Subjects
- Humans, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Prodromal Symptoms, Psychotic Disorders diagnosis
- Abstract
Aim: To harmonize two ascertainment and severity rating instruments commonly used for the clinical high risk syndrome for psychosis (CHR-P): the Structured Interview for Psychosis-risk Syndromes (SIPS) and the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States (CAARMS)., Methods: The initial workshop is described in the companion report from Addington et al. After the workshop, lead experts for each instrument continued harmonizing attenuated positive symptoms and criteria for psychosis and CHR-P through an intensive series of joint videoconferences., Results: Full harmonization was achieved for attenuated positive symptom ratings and psychosis criteria, and modest harmonization for CHR-P criteria. The semi-structured interview, named Positive SYmptoms and Diagnostic Criteria for the CAARMS Harmonized with the SIPS (PSYCHS), generates CHR-P criteria and severity scores for both CAARMS and SIPS., Conclusions: Using the PSYCHS for CHR-P ascertainment, conversion determination, and attenuated positive symptom severity rating will help in comparing findings across studies and in meta-analyses., (© 2023 The Authors. Early Intervention in Psychiatry published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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