Search

Background: Systemic thromboembolism is a known complication of rheumatic mitral stenosis (RMS) in sinus rhythm (SR). Left atrial appendage (LAA), the commonest site of thrombus formation is usually hypocontractile (inactive) in such patients. We aimed to study the prevalence of LAA inactivity (LAAI) in severe RMS and assess its independent predictors. Methods: The study population consisted of 100 patients of severe RMS in SR. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography were done to assess LAA contractile function. Patients with LAA‐peak emptying velocity < 25 cm/seconds were defined as having LAAI. Results: The mean age of study subjects was 31.66±8.69 years and 56% were females. 73% patients had LAAI (Group A), while remaining 27% had normal LAA function (Group B). Mitral‐valve area (MVA) and lateral annulus systolic velocity (Sa‐wave) were significantly lower while mitral valve mean gradient (MVMG) and serum fibrinogen were significantly higher (all p‐values < 0.001) in group A patients. On multivariate binary logistic regression analysis, MVMG (p < 0.001), Sa‐wave (p = 0.02), and serum fibrinogen (p = 0.005) were independent predictors of LAAI. Optimal cut‐off values of MVMG, Sa‐wave and serum fibrinogen for predicting LAAI were 11.5 mm Hg, 6.8 cm/seconds and 300 mg/dl, respectively. Sixty‐Seven (90.55%) patients in group A compared to 13(48.1%) in group B had LA/LAA smoke. LAAI was the only independent predictor of left atrium (LA)/LAA smoke with or without associated thrombus. Conclusion: There is high prevalence of LAAI in patients of severe MS in SR. MVMG, Sa‐wave, and serum fibrinogen levels are independent predictors of LAAI. LAAI is an independent predictor of LA/LAA smoke with or without associated thrombus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obstruction in supracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) may be seen in 50% of cases. We describe here successful echocardiographic diagnosis of obstruction at an unusual and undescribed location in a supracardiac TAPVC. The patient was successfully managed by surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports on the case of an 18-year-old lady patient presented with Takayasu arteritis. Medical history of the patient; Result of her medical examination; Involvement of the coronary artery in patients with Takayasu arteritis.

Objectives: Myocardial injury during active coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) infection is well described; however, its persistence during recovery is unclear. We assessed left ventricle (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) using speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) in COVID‐19 recovered patients and its correlation with various parameters. Methods: A total of 134 subjects within 30–45 days post recovery from COVID‐19 infection and normal LV ejection fraction were enrolled. Routine blood investigations, inflammatory markers (on admission) and comprehensive echocardiography including STE were done for all. Results: Of the 134 subjects, 121 (90.3%) were symptomatic during COVID‐19 illness and were categorized as mild: 61 (45.5%), moderate: 50 (37.3%) and severe: 10 (7.5%) COVID‐19 illness. Asymptomatic COVID‐19 infection was reported in 13 (9.7%) patients. Subclinical LV and right ventricle (RV) dysfunction were seen in 40 (29.9%) and 14 (10.5%) patients, respectively. Impaired LVGLS was reported in 1 (7.7%), 8 (13.1%), 22 (44%) and 9 (90%) subjects with asymptomatic, mild, moderate and severe disease, respectively. LVGLS was significantly lower in patients recovered from severe illness(mild: ‐21 ± 3.4%; moderate: ‐18.1 ± 6.9%; severe: ‐15.5 ± 3.1%; p < 0.0001). Subjects with reduced LVGLS had significantly higher interleukin‐6 (p < 0.0001), C‐reactive protein (p = 0.001), lactate dehydrogenase (p = 0.009), serum ferritin (p = 0.03), and troponin (p = 0.01) levels during index admission. Conclusions: Subclinical LV dysfunction was seen in nearly a third of recovered COVID‐19 patients while 10.5% had RV dysfunction. Our study suggests a need for closer follow‐up among COVID‐19 recovered subjects to elucidate long‐term cardiovascular outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy is an effective and safe alternative to surgical treatment, in selected patients of rheumatic mitral stenosis. It is usually performed under fluoroscopic guidance in the catheterization laboratory. We report the successful performance of emergency mitral commissurotomy by the Inoue balloon at bedside under sole transthoracic echocardiographic guidance in a critically ill patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]