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Globalization drives anthropogenic methane (CH 4) emissions from upstream to downstream agents through global supply chains. However, previous studies have overlooked the indirect CH 4 emissions enabled by primary suppliers. In this study, we use the Ghosh Multi-Regional Input-Output (MRIO) model and Structural Decomposition Analysis (SDA) to explore the temporal changes in global income-based CH 4 emissions and decompose the socioeconomic drivers. Our results show that global income-based CH 4 emissions increased by 17.21% from 2001 to 2014, with per capita primary inputs and technology being the two key drivers. Specifically, in China and India, income-based CH 4 emissions were mainly from agriculture, and input structure was responsible for restraining the growth in CH 4 emissions from their agricultural activities. On the other hand, service activities dominated the United States and the European Union, and production output structure was accountable for their emission growth related to service activities. To achieve global CH 4 emission mitigation, key sectors of major economies with high income-based CH 4 emissions should optimize their primary input structures, production output structure, and production technologies from the supply-side. It is crucial to reduce enabled CH 4 emissions in emerging economies, particularly in Asia, through the adjustment of primary input activities. [Display omitted] • Per capita primary inputs and technology dominated global CH 4 emission changes. • Income-based emissions decreased in West & Central Europe and the United States. • Agriculture and mining contributed to the high emissions in most emerging economies. • Production output structure accounted for the growth in service-enabled emissions. • Spatial heterogeneity of drivers of income-based CH 4 emissions was discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]