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This paper utilizes the slacks-based measure (SBM) undesirable model to analyze the environmental regulation efficiency (ERE) from 2003 to 2013, and uses the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Malmquist productivity index to divide the environmental regulation total factor productivity (ERTFP) into a technical progress index, pure technical efficiency index and a scale efficiency index from the perspective of scale change. The results show that the ERE presents “polarized” effect and the ERTFP has an obvious “agglomeration” effect in China. There is also a very significant “match-up” effect between the ERE and economic development level. In addition, the paper also finds that the technical progress index has the largest contribution to ERTFP, followed by pure technical efficiency index and then the scale efficiency index. The preceding results can provide scientific suggestions for regional environmental departments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]