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As a large country of livestock and poultry breeding, China needs to timely solve the large amount of livestock and poultry manure produced every year. Composting technology, as the most widely used means of manure management, still has an influence on serious carbon and nitrogen loss, and environmental pollution. Based on the comprehensive reading of dozens of domestic and foreign literatures, this paper analyzed seven factors affecting carbon and nitrogen storage in the process of livestock manure composting, including pH value, ventilation, surface coverage, carbon nitrogen ratio, moisture, temperature, especially the types and mechanism of composting additives. It can reduce the loss of carbon and nitrogen in the composting process and environmental pollution, and improve the quality of composting through the regulation of various composting factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]