Presents information about the history of paper money, in light of the introduction of euro notes and coins on January 1, 2002. Prediction that the release of the money will cause problems such as long lines, confusion, exploitation of consumers, and forgery; Ways the European Central Bank will protect against forgery; Idea that forgery is become easier through technology.
*PAPER money, *HISTORY of money, *LEGAL tender, *BANK notes, *HISTORY
Abstract
Takes a look at the history of the invention of paper currency. John Palmstruch and the founding of the Stockholm Banco that issued bank notes in Sweden; Methods used to verify validity of the currency; Failure of the bank notes that become overvalued and the fate of Palmstruch; John Law and his patronage from the Banque Royale in France; The issue of credibility of paper currency; History of the growing use of paper to avoid metal as currency; Inflation.
The article focuses on a paper published in the October 2014 issue of the periodical "Science," by researchers Oliver Pybus and Philippe Lemey, on the dissemination of the HIV virus. Topics include the mutation of the HIV-1 chimpanzee virus, the HIV virus's origination in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in the 1920s, and the rate of human infection between the 1960s and 2014.
*POLITICAL violence, *UNIONISM (Irish politics), *NATIONALISTS, *HISTORY, NORTHERN Ireland politics & government, 1994-, HISTORY of Northern Ireland, 1968-1998
Abstract
The article discusses Northern Ireland's politics and cultural disputes as of January 2014, in light of American diplomat Richard Haass' position paper which includes the creation of an information commission that will resolve historical grievances and that establishes a code of conduct for parades. The article notes the Ulster Unionist Party's and the Democratic Unionist Party's opposition to Mr. Haass' proposed solution. It also notes the nationalists are willing to compromise.
The article discusses an issue of the economics periodical “American Economic Review” which presents 20 articles from the journal’s history that economists believe to be the best. Among the articles are a 1955 paper by economist Simon Kuznets examining the correlation between inequality and economic development and a 1961 paper by economist Robert Mundell wherein a workable currency union is described.
*FINANCIAL crises, *ECONOMIC forecasting, *ECONOMISTS, *CONFERENCES & conventions, *HISTORY, UNITED States economy, 2001-2009
Abstract
The article discusses a paper titled "Is the 2007 Sub-Prime Financial Crisis So Different? An International Historical Comparison," by Carmen Reinhart and Kenneth Rogoff. The paper, which was presented at the 2008 meeting of the American Economic Association (AEA) in New Orleans, Louisiana, compares the U.S. subprime mortgage crisis with various historical banking crises. Reinhart and Rogoff conclude that the effects of the crisis will not be as drastic as the outcomes of previous crises.
The article discusses a paper by Vincent Bignon of the Bank of France and Cecilia García-Peñalosa of the Aix-Marseille School of Economics on the impact on the demography of France of the late-19th-century Méline protectionist tariff on grain with a focus on the alleged reduction in human capital and education caused thereby.
Looks at the results of the Arizona presidential primary in 1996. Strategies which backfired on candidates Bob Dole and Pat Buchanan; Victory for Steve Forbes; Someone giving Forbes a piece of paper referring to the first flat tax--the one instituted by Pharaoh's assistant Joseph in the book of Genesis.
Published
1996
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