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The article focuses on economic and social crisis to be faced by emerging markets in 2023 concentrated on efforts on international financial stage, and mentions increase debt-servicing costs seen in 2022. Topics discussed include withdrawal of monetary policy and increased interest rates by the U.S. Federal Reserve, need of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to return to financing facilities to covid-crisis levels, and currencies supported by increased interest rates.

Analyzes the reasons why the world's banks and near-banks are bound to run into continuous crises. Reasons why many American, Japanese, and European banks may be headed for their biggest crash yet; Risks for Japan; International lending flaws; Outdated safety regulations; Banking cartels; Predictions for the future.

The article discusses the euro crisis in Europe in 2011. Topics include cooperation of the European Union countries about the debt crises, the ideas of European Central Bank president Jean-Claude Trichet and other economists and policy makers about strategies for avoiding economic disaster. It is suggested that the economic policy of Germany and France with German Chancellor Angela Merkel and French President Nicolas Sarkozy can help solve the crisis.

The article discusses the economic and political relationship between China and western nations. Details about the effect of the global financial crisis on western countries are provided. The place of nationalism in Chinese society is examined and the recent history of cautious Chinese foreign policy is explored. The place of Tibet in Chinese and world politics is also described.

The article focuses on sovereign wealth funds, the investment funds created by countries with large trade surpluses, such as oil-exporting countries, for foreign investments. Such funds suffered significant losses in the 2008 financial crisis. The decline in petroleum prices and a shift to domestic investment is expected to slow foreign investment by sovereign wealth funds to a near-halt in 2009.

The article focuses on international trade and its role in the 2008 financial crisis. The large trade deficit maintained by the U.S. and the corresponding trade surplus run by trade partner China created a compensatory flow in which China loaned huge sums to the U.S. through the purchase of government securities theory. Economists suggest that developing countries such as China lack secure financial markets for domestic investment, prompting the flow of capital abroad.

The article discusses the financial crisis and explores the role of banks and banking in the crisis. Details about state guaranteed bank liabilities and the ways by which governments back their guarantees are presented. The responses of various nations throughout the world, such as Iceland and other European Union countries, to the crisis are also described.

Discusses political and economic conditions in Russia for November of 1998 and what impact they have on the world as a whole. The attitude of those in the United States that develop the country's policy on Russia; The composition of the government in Russia under Prime Minister Yevgeny Primakov reflecting a lean toward the left; Primakov's policies seen as unsound; How the political and economic culture of a country can change.

Presents the arguments of Robert Wade and Frank Veneroso for the establishment of an Asian Monetary Fund (AMF) to handle the region's economic crisis in the late 1990s. Why the International Monetary Fund cannot handle the region; How Asia is different from Western countries; Their savings surplus and high investment; Success of Asian alliance capitalism; How an AMF would build on Asia's savings surplus and other advantages.

The article explores the role of rising oil prices in the recovery of the world economy in 2019. There are signs of optimism for the world economy, including increasing trade flows in Asia, strong retail sales in the U.S. and the strengthening manufacturing industry in Europe. Higher oil prices are expected to worsen economic crises in Turkey, Argentina and Pakistan and to prompt central banks to increase interest rates.

This article reports on how the world economy has been affected by the European debt crisis, the Sendai earthquake in Japan, and the war in Libya in March 2011. The article discusses how these various upheavals have influenced stockmarket volatility and investor confidence. Information is also provided on the strength of the yen and foreign exchange.

The article examines the effect of the financial crisis and global recession on the poorest of the developing countries. Despite limited participation in the financial system which generate the crisis, these countries are seeing a sharp reduction in economic development. Foreign investment and foreign aid have both declined due to the crisis, and the recession has sparked a large decline in the prices of the commodities which are the main products of their economies.

The article reports on the world economy in 2009. The financial crises in the U.S. has created a drop in demand due to the impact on business enterprises and consumers. This has caused governments to respond in an effort to stimulate the economy through tax cuts and spending. Governments have also created financial programs which include recapitalization of banks.

The article presents an overview of the global economic situation as of December 2008, which is said to be gloomy. A forecast for 2009 is provided, which focuses on likely scenarios for various industries and nations. The ramifications of the global credit crisis are discussed. It is said that bankruptcies are expected to keep rising and outsourcing is likely to surge as a cost-cutting measure.

The article discusses the effect of the 2008 global financial crisis on Latin American countries. For most of 2008 economists hoped the crisis would not have a significant impact on Latin America, but beginning in September, 2008 it became obvious that the region would also experience financial losses. Many Latin American governments do not have the strength to combat the crisis, and may fall dramatically.

The article discusses economic conditions in India and China during the 2008 global financial crisis. Both countries experienced rapid growth for several years leading up to 2008, but as a result of the crisis, many people have begun doubting their ability to continue growing. India's economy is not as strong or established as China's, and it may not be able to sustain its growth.

The article discusses the international economic crisis and explores the response of major world financial powers such as Great Britain, the U.S., and Japan. The measures taken by governments and financial institutions are described and the need for a large-scale, unified response is explored. The need for individual governments to assist their nation's banks is also examined.

The article reports that nations in Africa have not been hit as hard by the 2008 financial crisis as other countries. However, several sub-Saharan nations have begun feeling the crisis, especially South Africa. South Africa has the largest economy in sub-Saharan Africa, and it is more connected with the international economy. Its monetary unit, the rand, lost almost one third of its value in September and October, 2008.

The article examines economic conditions in basic industries such as manufactures, shipping, and the steel industry. The financial crisis of 2008 has had a significant adverse impact on these industries by cutting their access to credit. Weakening economic conditions in the U.S., China, and other countries has led to drops in both profits and production.

The article discusses the effect of the U.S. financial crisis on the world economy and analyzes the response of various central banks. Details about a report on the world economy published by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) are provided. The responses of some emerging economies such as China's to the world economic situation are also described.

The article examines the lasting affects of the financial crisis of 2008. The widespread nature of the crisis created by the collapse of the U.S. housing bubble indicates that international finance has become wholly globalized. This means that international co-ordination to meet future problems is essential. Although central banks have cooperated relatively well during this crisis, political pressures make it more difficult for governments to coordinate their actions.

The article focuses on the International Monetary Fund (IMF), which has received unfair criticism despite a lack of crises in 2006. Tim Adams, the main international man at America's Treasury, has accused the organization of being "asleep at the wheel." Problems with IMF's funding are discussed, as well as the role of emerging markets in the organization.

This article reports that the major Asian economies have been stable and prosperous in the last few years, in contrast to the years immediately following the 1997 Asian financial crisis. That crisis roiled Asian politics and disturbed governments in Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore, but like the economies the political scenes have become calm. Asian relations with the International Monetary Fund have stabilized as well.

The article discusses whether Argentina's government will pay what it owes foreign firms. Under President Néstor Kirchner, more than three years after Argentina's financial crisis, the country has made few efforts to make amends with foreign firms--not least those in its utilities and energy sectors. After investing over $50 billion in new infrastructure and acquisitions in the 1990s, they were hit hard during the crash: the government converted their dollar-denominated revenues into pesos and has kept them frozen ever since, despite wholesale inflation of nearly 80%. Unlike foreign holders of Argentine government bonds, however, the foreign firms had some negotiating leverage. Their contracts with the government gave them the right to arbitration at the World Bank-affiliated International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). ICSID gave its first post-crisis verdict on Argentina: a $133 million award to an American firm, CMS Energy, which owns shares in a gas transport firm whose rates were converted to pesos and frozen. Argentina's justice minister, Horacio Rosatti, argues that ICSID has no jurisdiction over Argentina, whose government cannot comply with its rulings if the Supreme Court finds them incompatible with the country's constitution.

The article provides economic and financial indicators as of June 2003. United States' unemployment rates rose in May to 6.1 percent, the highest in nine years. The Japanese economy, however, showed modest signs of revival. In Britain, the labor market, which has been remarkably resilient through the recent slowdown, showed signs of weakness. The number of people unemployed and claiming benefit rose in May by 9,700, the biggest increase since December 1992. Since the mid-1980s, the Irish economy has grown rapidly, as it became a favoured production base for the European market. U.S. companies, especially information-technology ones, invested heavily in Ireland. During the information technology boom of the late 1990s, growth accelerated to over 10 percent a year. But this pace of expansion proved unsustainable, generating a rise in inflation and wages that undermined the economy's competitiveness. The U.S. leads the world biotechnology industry, though developing countries such as India are joining in.

During much of the 2003 World Economic Forum, the Swiss ski resort of Davos was blanketed in thick cloud and beset by chilly snow showers. The weather matched the mood of the hobnobbing businessmen and policymakers as stock markets around the world plunged. European markets have fallen by more than America's, they argue, because Europe's economies are in much worse shape. Figures published on January 30th showed that America's gross domestic product (GDP) growth slowed to only 0.7% at an annual rate in the fourth quarter of 2002 as consumer spending stalled. It is no coincidence that other economies where consumer spending has been strong, such as Britain, Australia and Spain, have also enjoyed rapidly rising house prices. Robert Shiller, an economist at Yale University and author of "Irrational Exuberance", a book that questioned the sustainability of America's stockmarket just before the crash, argues that many housing markets look nastily bubble-like.

This article discusses the challenges for the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the U.S. in assisting Brazil and Uruguay with a financial crisis. On August 7, 2002 the IMF announced a huge new loan to Brazil, of $30 billion over 15 months. Days earlier, the United States' government had granted Uruguay a $1.5 billion emergency loan to keep its banks afloat. But two things were surprising about the new loan. The first was its size, ranking with the assistance to Asian countries by the IMF in 1997-98. The second surprise was that the loan and its conditions have been agreed to without the explicit endorsement of Brazil's leading presidential candidates. Taken together, the bailouts sent a clear message that countries such as Brazil and Uruguay, which are seen to be victims of financial contagion from Argentina but to have sound economic policies, can expect support.

Discusses the economy of Brazil as of spring 2000. Recovery from the January 1999 currency devaluation and recession; Target gross domestic product (GDP) for 2000 as agreed on with the International Monetary Fund (IMF); Strength of the manufacturing industry; Brazil's credit rating; Details of the Fiscal Responsibility Law approved in April 2000.

Presents information on the impact of the 1999 fall in Brazil's currency on the economies of Argentina, Paraguay and Urguay, Brazil's partners in the Mercosur trade block. Members having little protection against the falling currency; Lack of a trade dispute-settlement system; Brazil's President Fernando Henrique Cardoso meeting with the leaders of the other Mercosur countries; Specific concerns for Argentina.

Presents information on the December 1998 meeting of the leaders of the Association of South-East Asian Nations. How their meeting provided few real agreements. The issues they were divided on including membership for Cambodia; Japanese Prime Minister Keizo Obuchi providing details on how his country will aid the region; Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad and his hopes to get others to adopt the currency controls he has imposed in Malaysia.

Presents information on the strict guidelines that foreign banks in Russia have for business depositors. Their rejection of any customer with possible ties to Chechens, an ethnic group tied to the Russian mafia; How most Russian banks do not seem eager to rebuild ties with the international banking system; Reasons why the banks are strict, including the costs of doing business in Russia.

Reports on the International Monetary Fund (IMF)-led rescue for Brazil and how it has been received within the country and internationally. Foreign bankers agreeing to stop cutting credit lines to the country; Rise in the stock market; Government needing to keep its promise to cut its budget deficit and persuade bankers that devaluing the currency is not necessary; Whether it will work; Objections from critics concerned with the coming recession

Presents the view of Fred Bergsten that a concerted plan of macroeconomic stimulus must be developed and implemented at the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in November of 1998. Change in the approach to policy needed; The need for a Concerted Asian Recovery Program; How export-led recovery will not work; Details on the Asian financial crisis and how a united effort is needed.

Questions how bad the Brazil's financial crisis is. International financial crisis that began in Asia; Raising of interest rates in Brazil to defend its currency; Inflation in Brazil; Consequences for neighboring countries if Brazil's economy gets worse; Dilemma in Brazil faced by the Group of Seven countries and the International Monetary Fund.

Discusses whether in consideration of the 1998 Asian financial crisis, capital controls would help either to restore stability or to prevent a reoccurrence. How in practice trade protection seems to go wrong; How banks must be prevented from building up risky short-term liabilities denominated in foreign currency; What Asia's economic problems resulted from.

The article discusses the financial crisis in Europe and proposed solutions. The ideas that Europe needs a comprehensive deal to prevent the euro's collapse as well as a finance ministry that will provide supervision for the euro zone's banking system and have the authority to raise taxes are mentioned. Topics include the European Central Bank, Eurobonds, and German leadership.

The author offers opinions on international economic relations and international finance. A liquidity crisis in the European Union countries banking industry is said to be possible due to concerns among investors such as money market funds about bank holdings of government securities of euro area countries. This in turn is said to make a severe recession in Europe more likely, one that could limit economic growth in the rest of the world.

The article offers information and opinions about the protest movements across the world led by the Occupy Wall Street Movement. Discussion about the anger of youth and the middle class over banking, unemployment, and high taxes is included. It is suggested that government leaders should promote financial reform and open international economies to end the financial crisis and to decrease the anger of the populist protesters.

The article focuses on the role of Germany in the euro zone crisis of 2011. Topics include the reluctance of Chancellor Angela Merkel to deal with the sovereign debt problem and bail out governments for fear of a second Great Depression, the role of banks in recovering from the crisis, and the international outcomes of a possible tax on financial transactions.

The author offers opinions on bank management. Chief executive officers (CEO) of major banks are said to have contributed to the global financial crisis by blundering more than by design or greed. It is argued that major banks have become so large that they are in effect unmanageable, the real danger they pose to the global economy.

The author offers opinions on China's role in international economic relations. The global financial crisis and recession are seen as increasing China's influence in those relations, but not dramatically. China's government is said to be unwilling to make the changes in financial and economic policy which would stimulate the internal development which would truly alter the global economic system.

The article focuses on the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Under managing director Dominique Strauss-Kahn, the IMF has altered some of its traditional requirements for countries seeking emergency loans to stabilize their finances. The IMF has eased its demands for austere fiscal policies by governments in developing countries, on the grounds that the global financial crisis was created in developed countries, meaning the sacrifices of austerity would have little economic effect.

The article introduces various topics covered by reports within the issue, including one on the shrinking of export-dependent economies such as those of Germany and Japan and one on the signs that the U.S. housing market is stabilising.

The article discusses the development of multinational companies in developing countries and examines the role of these companies in the world economy. Details are provided about the emergence of multinational corporations such as car company Tata Motors, steel company ArcelorMittal, and telecommunications company ZTE. The effect of the global financial crisis on these emerging companies is also examined.

The article reports that the Ukrainian government is experiencing difficulties in early 2009 as a result of the global financial crisis of 2008 and 2009. President Viktor Yushchenko has resisted Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko on numerous occasions. Russia has threatened to cut off the gas supply if Ukraine does not pay off the $2 billion it owes to Russia.

The author discusses the effects of the global financial crisis as of December 2008, and offers some economic forecasting on the topic for 2009, focusing on the world's developing economies. He believes that a shift in the global economic order is occurring, during which the process of globalization will increasingly favor developing nations.

The article discusses the 2008 Group of Twenty (G20) summit of leaders from nations throughout the world. Details about the summit, which will be held in Washington, D.C. and will explore the global economy, are provided. The things the leaders could do to fix or ease the global economic crisis and reverse the trends in global finance are also explored.

The article focuses on the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The fund has begun injecting capital into countries hard hit by the financial crisis, including loans of $1 billion to Iceland, $10 billion to Pakistan, and $14 billion to Ukraine. Countries have been reluctant to seek IMF financing until other options are exhausted, due to the stigma associated with such loans and their often-strict terms.

The article discusses the financial problems faced by business firms in developing countries due to the world economic crisis. Comments are included from economist Stephen Jen regarding the struggles faced even by sound economies. The article also attempts to discover why markets in emerging countries are falling more than those in developed countries.

The article discusses the state of China's economy and argues that it has responded well to the global economic crisis. The effect that the 2008 Summer Olympic games in Beijing, China had on China's economy is explored. The price of houses and average income in China is also compared with the price of houses and average income in the U.S.