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Although there is no standardization of the notion of competence and for the instruments used in its evaluation, generic competences are associated with employability, and understood as a composition of cognitive and practical abilities, behavioral and social skills, gathering individual characteristics and qualities required for activities of different professions. Education promotes the development of specific competences for the exercise of certain occupations, in addition to opportunities for increasing generic competences, which are also required in the labor market. This study targets to evaluate self-perception of the valuation of generic competences acquired in undergraduate students from nocturnal courses of Brazilian private university, according to area of knowledge and condition of being or not inserted in the labor market. 1,001 of these students were evaluated in the third year of their graduation, using the Generic Competences Scale. The highest value in the global sample was attributed to Responsibility at work, followed by Ethical commitment and, thirdly, by Capacity to learn. At the other end, of lesser value, were Capacity for organization and planning, Ability to manage information and Problem solving. These results were compared with data from other studies, in Latin America and Europe.

In the present article we approach the professional postgraduate program (PPG), bringing some elements of the origin, history, and challenges to its implementation. Focus will be given on the professional master’s degree. Since it includes both academic PG and in-service training, it met a series of demands that were addressed at this level of education, especially PG lato sensu. It is a documental study, based on the literature produced since 1996, which discuss all the regulations, and implementation aspects of the PPG within the scope of CAPES, INEP, MCTI and CNPq. The research data were analyzed from a critical perspective through data triangulation, aiming to explain the meaning of the professional PPG. In the scope of postgraduate programs (PPG), depending on their financing policies, this new modality is similar to academic PG, with the prospect of overcoming it.

Chile's school system is a unique social space for analyzing the enactment of market policies and accountability. The article presents research that examines the contents and rationalities of the educational offer of schools in Santiago de Chile. The educational offer was operationalized through external advertising posters that, following S. Ball's theory, constitute fabrications, i.e. images or versions of schools, which may or may not be true, and whose purpose is to respond to the disciplines of the market. In the methodological sense, a mixed sequential approach was used that, in the first quantitative phase, allowed to analyze predictor variables of the use of posters in a population of schools and identify prototypical posters. Then, in the second qualitative phase, the sociocultural interpretation that managers and families made of the prototypical posters was investigated. The integration of quantitative and qualitative findings suggests that: (a) the assistance grant has a significant influence on suppliers' business conduct and positioning strategies; (b) the consolidation of a performative quasi-market induces suppliers to seek to attract a disadvantaged audience in socio-economic and academic terms; (c) educational actors develop arguments for differentiated student profiles according to school types, justifying dynamics of self-segregation; and (d) state program’s and recognitions are recontextualized as advertising inputs and means to certify the educational offering.

Although citizen training has been used as a component of the official school curriculum to overcome low levels of political participation in Chile, everything indicates that its curricular implementation into the school experience has not been successful. Although its application in Chile has a long history, its effect on the willingness of students to participate politically has not been properly studied. We maintain that, although it can promote participatory attitudes, the way it is implemented shapes its effects. Regression analyses of the 2016 ICCS survey with variables at the school and individual level demonstrate that the integration of the subject transversally has a positive effect, but only in dispositions related to electoral participation, while other forms of implementation have null or even negative effects on dispositions towards other forms of participation.

In this article, we analyze how academic freedom is socially represented by professors in their teaching activities. To achieve this objective, we run twenty interviews with professors from Applied Social Sciences courses both in public (UNIPUB) and private (CENU) organizations of higher education in Brazil, for which fictitious names were given. Our study is grounded on the Theory of Social Representations and the four dimensions of academic freedom, namely: teaching, learning, researching, and disseminating knowledge. Our findings presented both convergence and divergences regarding the two institutions. Both institutions centered freedom on the professor, but they diverged as to the presence of other individuals in the teaching and learning process and, therefore, in the representation of academic freedom. Also, dimensions such as research and dissemination were quite different between the organizations, while at CENU the research is an activity aimed at class planning, and the dissemination is a distant activity, at UNIPUB there are scientific and critical aspects regarding both. In general, freedom is represented and driven by guidelines that can provoke conflicts at CENU, while in UNIPUB the freedom to act is sometimes used inappropriately.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the changes that have been taking place in the training of lower secondary education teachers, through the academic, organizational and institutional conditions experienced by a training institution. The work presents the results of an investigation carried out at the Escuela Normal Superior de México and focused on the environments and circumstances in which the academic life of teacher educators develops in contexts of periodic reforms that promote the transformation and strengthening of the normal schools without achieving the desired results. Training policies are assumed to be fragmentary and incomplete as a result of the interweaving of institutional arrangements, practices, routines, and traditional strategies that affect the development and future of the training institution. From this perspective, the dispositions of the trainers in these environments are explored, as well as the horizons of possibility of change of a legendary institution.

In this paper, we analyze from genealogy the emergency of the student counseling department (DECE) in the contemporary educational policies in Ecuador. Specifically, we examine the construction of a new legal–normative architecture from the principles of living in harmony (buen vivir) that seeks to guarantee the delivery of psychological and social services to Ecuadorian students from a novel incorporation of knowledges, practices and expertise based on the psychological sciences. Methodologically, we followed Michel Foucault's principles of genealogy to analyze a textual corpus made up of legal, normative and regulatory documents, as well as interviews with policymakers and district coordinators who participated in the development and implementation processes of educational policies related to DECE. Thus, through our axes of analysis we expose the configuration of a new State rationality around the notion of integrality, and through a variety of sociotechnical, regulatory and practical adjustments, the promotion of management logics focused on governing and controlling specific forms in which professionals deploy their actions in schools. Finally, we discuss how the Sumak Kawsay knowledges are relegated, compared to an influential scientific-technical rationale that seeks to orientate educational processes in specific ways with a psychological language based on biomedical perspectives that inhibit alternative ways of understanding the subject and subjectivity within Ecuadorian education.

The article studies whether the use of entry exams or simple admission promote a differentiated academic composition at upper secondary school (USS) in Mexico. The analysis is performed with PISA 2012 data and explores changes in the mathematics performance distribution among lower secondary school students and USS students according to the admission process. I use slope difference analysis, chi-square goodness-of-fit test and quartile regression. The results refute the initial hypotheses since, on the one hand, I observe no increase in the representation of students with better academic results in the states that use entry exams, but rather an under-representation of students with the worse academic results. On the other hand, in the states that use simple admission process I observe the greatest differences in academic performance between lower secondary school students and USS students. Thus, the results show that in both admission processes, the representation of students with the worst performance (1st quintile) decrease significantly in USS and that simple admission does not seem to promote more equal educational transitions for students with different academic performance.

We describe the alumni engagement efforts by Teach For America (TFA) in Detroit as a case study of the specific ways that the organization works to influence its alumni’s involvement in educational politics and disposition towards particular types of educational reform. During the 2019-20 school year, TFA Detroit facilitated a series of “policy workshops” for its alumni, intended to inspire TFA corps members and alumni to engage in political and policy advocacy. Combining field notes and other artifacts from the policy workshops with a social network analysis of the featured participants and central organizations, we show that TFA Detroit drew upon its local, state, and national policy networks to construct workshops that in turn would politically mobilize alumni to support their networks’ preferred city and state policies and reforms.

The objective of the article is to reflect on and problematize the contemporary processes of naturalization of discourses about learning and their effects in the Brazilian current pedagogical field. This reflection has stemmed from the convergence of different research focused on teaching in contemporary school education and on the theoretical production in the educational field since the Escola Nova movement in Brazil. The empirical body of research consisted of 57 narratives of Brazilian teachers, collected between the years 2012 and 2016, and 90 issues of Revista Brasileira de Estudos Pedagógicos published between the 1940s and 1960s. These different investigative exercises have enabled a reflective reading of the present, as well as an exercise of historical analysis. The conclusions are that, although the Escola Nova movement had proposed an educational renewal by the first half of the 20th century, tendencies exist toward a type of educational proposition that does not discard the pedagogical function of transmission, unlike the pedagogical tendencies that currently prevail. It is also concluded that the revisited teaching practices may be able to operate against the practices of endogenous subjective decomposition, as they occur within the school.

The present study presents a systematic and integrative review and aims to investigate the contributions of research related to the school trajectories of adolescent students/ graduates in/of socio-educational measures in an open environment. The search for scientific productions was carried out based on specific criteria with the platforms: Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD / IBCT), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES). The methodology involved the selection of 105 scientific works that, after reading the abstracts, resulted in six productions that were submitted to a full reading for further integrative analysis. It was found that the school trajectories of these subjects are marked by processes of age-grade lag, repetition and school supply. Despite the negative school marks registered in the adolescents' lives, the school is a form of “protection”, signaling the need for investments in pedagogical practices that recognize the peculiarities of these individuals.

The article is part of a quantitative and qualitative investigation about postgraduate professors that was developed in a public university from Central Mexico. The project had two phases: the application of a questionnaire, where we introduced open questions, and an interview program, with 10 questions, that was applied to 34 academics in that level of teaching. The purpose of the present work is the analysis of one of those questions that recuperates what was directly expressed by the subjects.: How can the university contribute to improve the academic work of the graduate professors? In the methodological part we present two procedures. The first one explains the process that was used to select the 34 academics interviewed and the second one is the definition of empirical categories, based in what the academics answered. We divided the article in two parts: a review of literature about Mexican publications and the role that the universities develop to sustain the substantive functions, and the arguments from the interviewed, classified in seven empirical categories. What they propose is that the institution should attend the following issues: find solutions to diverse bureaucratic-administrative problems, improve work conditions, take into account the questioning of the merit systems, promote support for teaching and for students, facilitate communication, develop the processes of evaluation, and foment the maturity of the collegiate bodies and review the general policies of the postgraduate studies. One of the principal conclusions is that the question How can the university contribute to improve the academic work of the graduate professors? detonated in the academics interviewed diverse concerns, reflexions, answers and proposals that can be recovered and be useful to improve our universities.

The aim of this study was to verify the presence of ethnic-racial themes in the undergraduate course in dentistry, in order to identify approaches on ethnic-racial relations and health of the Black population in the pedagogical project and in the contents of the curricular matrix of the course. The methodology was based on a documentary study, exploratory and qualitative, supported by the recommendations of the Curricular Guidelines for Ethnic-Racial Relations, Black Population Comprehensive Health Policy and Curricular Guidelines for the Dentistry Course. The research was limited to the critical analysis of documents of an undergraduate course in dentistry in Alagoas. Data were collected between February and April 2018, using an instrumental matrix from the following categories: Explicit Ethnic-Racial Relations and Black Population Health in the Fundamentals and Justifications for the Training of the Dental Surgeon; The Afro-Brazilian ethno-racial dimension in the objectives; Skills and Skills; Ethnic-Racial Relations in Organization and Content. The data were analyzed from a content analysis perspective. There is a silencing of ethnic-racial relations in the pedagogical project in the fundamentals and justifications, in the objectives and competences for the formation and in the approaches of the contents. The institution has aspects in the organization of the course and curricular matrix that allow to integrate this theme transversally.

This paper explores how educational interventions impact the districts they are implemented in above and beyond their intended outcomes. We argue that such unplanned “ripple effects”, in which program elements are recontextualized into other settings, are an important aspect of bringing educational interventions to scale. We analyze these phenomena in one Israeli district in which a teacher leadership and professional learning community initiative has been implemented and rapidly scaled up over the past five years. Extensive longitudinal ethnographic data were collected, including participant-observation in schools, professional development workshops, district management meetings and initiative-related events; 75 interviews with teachers and school and district management; and multiple informal conversations. We identify “ripples” in four arenas, and discuss the importance of individuals as mechanisms for transferring ideas across contexts, the role of ripples in advancing the initiative’s ethos, and the ripples’ long-term sustainability. Our findings suggest more attention should be paid to the impact of educational reforms on meaningful change beyond their original aims and settings. Alongside possible affordances these ripple effects have in the scaling up process, careful consideration should be given to their latent disadvantages, such as obscuring the program’s primary agenda.

This paper explores the effect of the principal conditional cash transfer program known as Asignación Universal por Hijo (AUH) of Argentina on educational outcomes such as attendance, performance in reading and mathematics, and grade repetition. Also, we analyze the impact on non-school tasks that students performed which can replace the time dedicated to studying and permanence in the school. We use the Aprender 2016 assessment database focusing on data of students from primary and high school. We use non-experimental data exploiting the question about if the student’s family is a beneficiary of the AUH. We perform a Coarsened Exact Matching (CEM) and estimate the average treatment effect on the treated of the program. The results show that the AUH had a positive impact on attendance augmenting the probability of not being absent from class fewer than eight and seventeen days in 1.3 p.p and 1 p.p., respectively. However, positive effects on educational performance and conducting of non-school tasks are not found. We also found heterogeneous effects, for male students the program increases the probability of missing fewer classes at all levels between 0.4 p.p. and 1.5 p.p. and students from rural areas and public schools have reassigned non-school tasks.

The use of information and communication technologies (ICT) by students reflects the appropriateness of the ICT integration process. However, the typology of ICT use by students has not been established empirically based on their use at home and at the school. Thus, the purpose of the article is to determine the structure of ICT use by students, together with the influence of personal and contextual factors. A correlational design has been used, with the sample being the sixth-grade students in Latin America who answered the questionnaire on ICT use in the Third Regional Comparative and Explanatory Study (TERCE). The data analysis performed is descriptive statistics, Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and Categorical Principal Components analysis (CATPCA). The results obtained through the descriptive statistics show how the students make a greater use of technological resources in the area of free time than in the academic area. It has been found, by means of a categorical principal components analysis (CATPCA), that student use is structured in three planes: personal, non-school academic and school academic. In addition, the results obtained from the MANOVA indicate that the personal and contextual factors influence the use of ICT, essentially the availability of technological devices and the Internet connection. In the light of the results, it is recommended to implement programs that favour non-school academic use of ICT by students.

The study aims to analyze the quota policies for black students from public school of five state public universities of the state of Parana, in Brazil, concerning its similarities and differences, potentials and limits, strategies and procedures used for implantation and implementation of set-aside policies. Institutional documents as well as semi-structured interviews with institutional actors were used as data source. The Cycle of Policies was used for the analysis through which contexts of influence, text production and practices of quotas were exploited (Ball et al., 2016; Bowe et al., 1992). Finishing up the analysis, it was noticed that each university adopted different models of quotas according to its possibilities and limitations. The actors involved in the quotas also went through difficulties during the process, from the text production to its implementation. According to the reports, it was possible to verify that the text production generated limitations to the access of black male and female students from public school, which could have been greater since the first years of the adoption of quotas. The lack of evaluation and monitoring was also highlighted in the analysis, which is a weakness of quotas in higher education institutions.

This article analyses public policy programs for dropout prevention in the vocational upper secondary school in Argentina between 2003 and 2015. The study grounds on documents (reports, laws, and regulations) as well as interviews with officials of the Institute of Technological Education of the Ministry of Education from Argentina and in three technical schools maintained by the State in the City of Buenos Aires. Through a qualitative approach, the documents and the participants' discourse and narratives were analyzed under the categories: understanding the diagnosis of school dropout; thinking the solutions for school retention; defining the public educational policies. The research results show that the public policies were successful in democratizing access to the vocational secondary education, although presenting structural limits for carrying on effective dropout prevention in Argentina.

In this comparative study, I examine principal data use in two sets of districts. One set of three districts has a district-wide focus on using data to improve instruction, and the other set, also with three districts, has a district-wide focus on analyzing disaggregated data by student demographic groups. Data sources include interviews with principals in each set (18 from data-focused districts, and 9 from disaggregation-focused districts), and analysis focuses on ways that they talk about analyzing data in relation to district expectations and equity. Findings showed that each set of principals shared a different approach to data, either performance-focused or demographic-focused, suggesting the central role of the district in guiding how data are used at the building level. I conclude with implications for practice, policy, and research.

Social, political and economic relationships in the Amazon are mediated by nature and government policies, programs, and regulations, including environmental education policies, which have disseminated the concept of sustainable development in over recent years. Based on these elements, this study explores the social representations that give meaning to the concept of sustainable development among elementary teachers in the Amazon region. Adopting an ethnographic approach and drawing on the theory of social representations, we conducted a qualitative descriptive study with 121 teachers with a degree in pedagogy using questionnaires, group discussions and participant observation. The findings show that nature, environmental problems and Amazon culture exert a strong influence on representations of the concept of sustainable development.

Social responsibility is based on the capacity to decide one’s own actions consciously, deliberately, freely and in relation with others. Each generation must take responsibility for their actions and the impact these have on sustainable development. To analyse and measure this aspect is of signal importance in advancing the Institutional Policy in Higher Education as proposed by UNESCO. The aim of the present study is to offer the international university community a synthetic indicator (index) to evaluate the social responsibility of university students which provides, based on only 6 or 8 indicators, an effective assessment of University Student Social Responsibility (USSR) at any moment during their academic career. The results of the instrument are sufficiently reliable and valid, similar to those obtained by the initial instrument using 20 indicators. The reliability, homogeneity and predictive capacity of these indexes were tested on samples of second and fourth year university students from a number of faculties. The results show these indexes are effective, offering results similar to the complete instrument.

The text presents the result of research on public-private partnerships in Brazil’s basic education. We analyzed the relation between the Municipal Executive Power and private organizations in the provision of public education in cities of Minas Gerais. We investigated center cities in the state's mesoregions: Uberlândia, Governador Valadares, Juiz de Fora, and São João Del-Rei. We adopted as an epistemic basis the historical-dialectical materialism and documentary analysis as the methodology. We compiled an empirical corpus with documents from the state apparatus and civil society organizations hired by public entities. We noticed childhood education is the stage in which the new type of privatization process is most advanced. Only one city presented a privatization initiative of a new type in elementary education. We identified: (i) public-private relations are privatization expression of a new type of education; ii) management mechanisms follow the management public administration precepts; (iii) organizations hired by the public power were re-functionalized by management precepts as social companies. We conclude the new public-private relation redefines the idea of public space, destabilizes the democratic management, updates the labor division in education between the public sector and private organizations, and weakens the right to public education.

Citizen-led assessments were developed in the mid-2000s to gather evidence on children’s learning outcomes following the rapid increase in primary student enrolment in the developing world. Integral to their philosophy is social accountability and community engagement. While most large-scale assessments focus on test-based accountability to promote policy shifts, citizen-led assessments, utilizing the information-accountability causal chain, theorize that information of low learning outcomes, disseminated widely, will engage stakeholders in activities and debates, ultimately leading to improvements in education quality and service delivery. This paper examines Uwezo, the oldest citizen-led assessment in East Africa, and its portrayal in the Kenyan print media. I explore whether discourse concerning Uwezo exposes education quality issues while promoting citizen engagement and how Uwezo’s social accountability philosophy is used in public discourse through the lens of political evolutionary mechanisms. I find that Uwezo’s findings were prominently discussed beginning in 2013, but that shock value of low learning levels has since decreased. Moreover, public discourse has highlighted cross-national and provincial/county comparisons in achievement levels while focusing on blaming teachers and the education system’s culture. Although Uwezo has succeeded in disseminating its findings widely in Kenya, there is minimal engagement in public discourse with its social accountability and community engagement philosophy and discourse does not promote citizen action on a national level. As Uwezo has become a respected education policy player in East Africa, and globally, it must find ways to engage communities to act upon its findings to directly improve education quality.

Following various education policies which failed to guarantee the educational integration of migrant pupils in Chilean public schools, a “temporary school identification number” was introduced in January 2017, with the purpose of securing these children’s rights to access and stay in school. Given the current lack of information regarding the effectiveness of this public policy, the present article explores how this normative has been implemented in Chilean schools. Employing a qualitative descriptive design, the article is based on 8 semi-structured interviews with the school principals and the administrative officers of 4 schools in Santiago. The results show that this normative is generally effective in ensuring access and stay in school for the migrant pupils. Nevertheless, the results also pinpoint the lack of a complementary education policy that systematically guides schools with regards to curricular adaptation, academic leveling, and reception plans, three elements that play a key role in the educational attainment of migrant pupils in Chile.

The purpose of this article is to expose the process and results of a research on a study on teacher practices in order to understand the opportunities and ways to improve their performance in the class on civics and ethics. The author carried out teacher performance analysis and assessment on the basis of a methodology for the qualitative analysis of classroom situations and a model of standards for teacher performance in the classroom. The study allowed the author to build a series of recommendations for policy decisions, oriented to the improvement of teacher performance. The teaching practice elements defined as connection among subjects, differentiated attention, student-to-student assessment, and self(student)-assessment received the lowest scores among the group of evaluated teachers. Thus, Mexican teachers require training and support in these specific elements. The elements with the highest scores for the evaluated teachers were: student-student learning relations, didactic resources, directed activities, interpersonal relationships and teacher’s assessment of students The standards for teacher performance in the classroom and its evaluation model have proven to be relevant and useful tools for diagnosing the need for improvement in teaching practice, and therefore for reporting the training and technical assistance required by teachers and schools.

Experiences of young indigenous people who study in an educational program from the National Pedagogical University of Mexico City are analyzed in this work. It puts into question some effects produced by ethnic branded programs, recognizing the contradictions and discriminations that the carrying subjects of these have, with the objective of contribute to the contemporary debate on the modes of self-recognition of indigenous youth in higher education and to stress deeply rooted conceptions such as ethnic identity, which continues to orient education policies in our context. From a qualitative and interpretative perspective, using the technique of focal group, were recognized areas such as linkages and trust with teachers, and how it contributes to the repositioning of subjects, their identity processes and Emancipatory roads. At the same time, it recognizes the present discriminations in the university, which are reinforced in some cases by the essentialist ways of understanding the indigenous presence, and some effects are discussed that produce the affirmative actions, which reflects confronting and contradictory situations in the processes of inhabiting the university from the indigenous student’s side.

This text focuses on issues related to indigenous school education in Brazil, as well as the assumptions of interculturality to think about it. This is a theoretical research, of a qualitative nature. Indigenous school education in Brasil today demands a critical and careful posture. What today is known as the Brazilian Nation was formed through the meeting of three ethnical-cultural origins: the Tupi-Guarani, the Portuguese and the African. Such confirmation refers to an obvious conclusion: any educational proposition that is intended as generous and inclusive needs to take into account the matters relative to the cultural diversity of the Brazilian society. For this intercultural dialogue to happen it is necessary to break with the colonial mentality. There must be a relationship paradigm that recognizes and respects the indigenous singularity and promotes its protagonism (Castro, 2000). The LDB proposes a group of guidelines that even with its frailties, if put to practice, could provide progress in the public policies about the indigenous school education. The educational progress in the indigenous communities– taking the Guarani as an example – happens through an exchange of experiences, building a collective knowledge, intermediated by the Karaí. We propose an indigenous school education that takes as its starting point some interculturality fundaments, mediated by dialogicity.

The article presents an experience of intercultural dialogue through a class shared among Brazilian students of the Kaingang people and history students of Coventry University in the United Kingdom. It is inspired by the proposal of intercultural philosophy that postulates the dialogue between cultures as a method to articulate an alternative project to the current process of globalization, based on the diversity of cultures understood as reserves of humanity capable of providing resources for a globalization based on cooperation between peoples and cultures. The construction of this dialogue requires concrete actions and proposals that carry forward what is merely stated philosophically. We believe that the educational field, in particular the indigenous school, is an excellent space to articulate the intercultural dialogue in a practical and concrete way. Therefore, in addition to presenting the experience, its results are evaluated qualitatively, showing the positive impact it had on the two groups that participated in it.

The “Indigenous Knowledge Action Project at the School - UFMT Network” is a political action aimed at indigenous school education in order to meet the specific rights of the people from Brazil. In Mato Grosso, it focuses on the continuing education of 115 teachers from 12 indigenous peoples, with a focus on literacy, literacy and numeracy, as well as the production of bilingual teaching material. Respect for their own learning processes, language and culture from an intercultural perspective is a right, and this paper examines this right within the context of the production of teaching materials with three peoples. The collaborative research referenced the indigenous pedagogies contained within the teaching material and the sociolinguistic policy that permeates the historical struggles of the original peoples. The data analysis emphasizes the complexity of political action aimed at school education that considers intercultural knowledge and practices and enables people to build their identities and worldviews as they also become literate in the world. It is concluded that strategies of solidary learning networks help indigenous communities face challenges and political obstacles, such as the withdrawal of rights and specific public policies that directly impact the indigenous peoples of Brazil.

School leadership is key for improving teaching practices and student learning outcomes. Thus, the selection process for school principals is important for school improvement. This article presents a comparative case study describing four national contexts, Brazil/Rio de Janeiro (democratic model), Chile (politicized model), Colombia (managerial model) and Peru (mixed model). The study reports that principal´s selection systems in Latin-American region are diverse in terms of their scope, the agencies involved in the process, who makes the final decision, and the use of selection strategies. Finally, it concludes with proposals for improvement selection processes of school principals in Latin America.

The article shows the results of an investigation of Cuban academics in Mexican institutions of higher education. Our objective was to understand the construction of their identities as Cuban academics, from the meaning of their migration to Mexico. We conducted the study following the biographical method, and through biographical interviews, we rebuilt the life stories of 16 academics, 10 women and six men. The results show the identifications of these academics relating to two moments in their careers: their insertion into the Mexican academy, and the permanence of their positions in the present. The findings highlight the role of socialization in these identity constructions.

This theoretical essay proposes to understand how the contemporary conception of Human Rights is configured, and from that, to articulate the affirmative actions for Indigenous peoples inserted in this conception. In other words, it reflects on how this process took place in Latin America, that is, whether these actions proposed in Latin America for Indigenous peoples adopt a perspective constituted by the “subject of law” being seen in its particularity and peculiarity, and whether there have been advances or setbacks. The results showed that, specifically, from the conceptions presented at the International Labor Organization (OIT) there was a break in the integrationist paradigm, showing a real advance in the expressions of these conceptions and the ways in which indigenous societies are understood, at least in the applied legislation in Latin America. However, there is still much to reflect on and fight for.

To support the nation’s college completion goals, early college high school (ECHS) reform creates opportunities for interested students to earn up to two years of free college credit during high school. ECHSs also have an equity objective: to target and enroll students who are historically underrepresented and/or might not otherwise go to college. Yet the extent to which ECHSs actually serve their target population in practice is unclear, especially in a marketized school environment. Using qualitative methods and the theory of social construction and policy design (Schneider & Ingram, 1993), this study explores the recruitment and selection practices at five ECHSs in the borderlands of Texas. Findings suggest that ECHS staff invited applications from the broad target groups. However, the admission process, shaped in part by patterns of self-selection, favored students who were academically inclined and relatively privileged compared to their district peers. ECHS staff socially constructed narrower ideals of the target population than those articulated in the policy design based on their assumptions about who was likely to succeed in—and thus deserving of—an early college opportunity. Findings are discussed with particular attention to the equity implications of ECHS reform.

This article is part of a doctoral research that deals with the school education and traditional knowledge of Pipipã de Kambixuru, located in the municipality of Floresta, Pernambuco, Brazil. The reports of the indigenous teachers will be presented on the importance of school education and the inclusion of traditional knowledge, namely medicine, Toré and Jurema Sagrada in the differentiated curriculum of the Joaquim Roseno Indigenous State School in the Travessão do Ouro Village. An ethnographic approach was followed, materializing in a participant observation in the indigenous territory, where interviews were made with the teachers, emphasizing the intercultural process of the curriculum construction and methodologies used in the classes. Traditional knowledge is presented to the community at school and through orality and, despite existing acculturation processes, the indigenous community perseveres in maintaining its legacy. Intercultural discourse contributes to the permanence and resistance of this people, since the cultural diversity in its epistemological concepts and in its practice is of great relevance both for academic construction and for a pedagogy of life.

The central idea of this article is to problematize and present some scenarios of subalternization and indigenous resistance, specifically, in the State of Rondônia. We started from research developed in the context of Rondônia (Alves, 2017, 2018; Alves Santos, 2017; Scaramuzza, 2015, Santos, 2020, among others) to expose the strategies used by the indigenous peoples of Rondônia as a struggle and resistance of the indigenous communities, becoming protagonists in spaces of formation and school performance. Linked to protagonism, the indigenous school as an intercultural space, promotes pedagogical practices based on the curriculum that is not only effective due to the disciplinary contents, but also as a cosmological process that occurs through Indigenous Pedagogy produced not only by its teachers, but throughout organic structure of the community. Thus, we understand that the indigenous school as a space of resistance and indigenous struggle is constituted and presented as intercultural and produces ways of being specific to indigenous peoples.

This article aims to discuss the growing influence that the business model has had on humans and their organizations, a consequence of a process called world's enterprisation. In this study, we opted for a look at the university, from the analysis of a specific discourse that, with the neoliberalism intensification, has been strongly disseminated: the discourse of the entrepreneurial university. From this perspective, sought to problematize how the enterprisation process has influenced the construction of the discourse of the entrepreneurial university at the Pelotas Federal University (UFPel), from the realization of a qualitative research, descriptive, which used the case study as a technique. The results from the analysis of the managers' perceptions and practices evidenced at UFPel, show that the entrepreneurial university discourse is based on different discursive practices that make constant reference to the enterprise knowledge-power. This practices reinforce the need to consolidate a flexible and efficient university (in enterprising terms), whose performance should foster innovation and economic development, by encouraging the creation of new businesses, new products or any solution that can transform knowledge into something that generates value.

The aim of this article is to present the findings regarding the meanings and interpretations that an intentional sample of 14 academics from the Autonomous University of Ciudad Juárez (uacj) grant to the loss of the distinction granted by the National System of Researchers (sni) and the latent possibility that this will occur in each evaluation process. Grounded theory was used as a methodology and an epistemological approach. Open, axial, and selective coding proposed by Strauss and Corbin (2002) was used for data analysis. Among the most relevant findings include: the economic and personal aspects associated with the loss of distinction; the lack of academic productivity due to the lost privilege of administrative positions and activities; the institutional need to support the purchase of laboratory reagents to avoid loss of appointment; and the belief that leaving the sni will damage credibility. In addition, the conclusions propose the concept of the breakdown or collapse of the distinction, a concept that emerges from the narratives of the informants, the process of categorization, and the interpretations made.

This article proposes discussions about the education in the indigenous school, from the perspective of the Mbya-Guarani people of the villages Tekoa Ka'agui Poty and Tekoá Yvy Poty, sur of Brazil. The indigenous school wanted to transform from the model of a colonialist and integrationist school into a place of ethnic resistance and the preservation of culture. As a public policy, its effectiveness depends on governmental perspectives that are influenced by non-indigenous difficulty in understanding and respecting the Guaraní culture. The Guarani make no distinction between life, education, and spirituality and want a school that contributes to strengthening this way of living. The research methodology is inspired by participatory and collaborative research, which provides reciprocal and symmetrical exchanges between indigenous and non-indigenous people.

Each year, the federal government provides billions of dollars in support for low-income families in their acquisition of housing. In this analysis, we examine how several of these subsidized housing programs, public housing and Low Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) financed housing, relate to patterns of school segregation for children. We use GIS to examine the location of subsidized housing vis-à-vis district boundaries and school attendance boundaries in four Texas counties. We then examine patterns of segregation between schools with and without subsidized housing in their attendance zones, as well as the extent of economic and racial isolation experienced by students in those schools. Our results illustrate that public housing and LIHTC housing developments are zoned to racially and economically isolated schools, and that developments are associated with especially high levels of economic and racial isolation for Black and Latinx students. We conclude by discussing implications for housing and education policy to ameliorate these patterns.

Historically, science has become an obstacle to the introduction of other kinds of knowledge in schools. Since 1990, the superiority of scientific knowledge has been criticized by education researchers. In parallel, indigenous education has been proving itself as a privileged space of recognition of relationships among cultural groups, in a way that traditional types of knowledge have been incorporated into the school curriculum, bringing other challenges to the pedagogical work. In this paper, we discuss a case study in which traditional types of knowledge were part of a course from the Undergraduate Program for Indigenous Educators at Federal University of Minas Gerais. We collected interrelated situations involving food planting and astronomical observations under various conceptions, and we developed them in a dialogic form in the classroom. The strengthening of indigenous cultures was rethought as the interlocution kept made us see the viability of the cultural dialogue in its complexity. We hope to contribute to overcome the dichotomy between scientific knowledge and traditional culture in the curricular propositions of indigenous and non-indigenous school education.

This article investigates aspects of the school pedagogical work, observing the signification, processes, dynamics, and relations. We also investigate hierarchical relations, task divisions, and the occurrence, or absence, of collective work. Our focus is the institutional relations between teachers and the administration team. The investigation was accomplished in a municipal public school in the metropolitan area of São Paulo, where children attend at Early Childhood, from 3-5 years old, followed by the initial years of Basic Education. Data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews with the school principal, the coordinator, and two teachers engaged in the school proposal. Ball’s studies are considered, focusing on the power relations and the diversity of goals that guide the pedagogical work. Lima’s perspective of microanalytical investigation of the school and Weber’s forms of domination are also adopted. The analysis of the strategies established by the administration team showed that the school under investigation works as both a bureaucratic organization and an organized anarchy. Efforts are carried out for the establishment of a shared administration, involving all the school agents. We also noted the existence of teachers’ resistance concerning the proposals issued by the administrative team, demonstrating ideological disputes and disputes for interests present in its daily routine.

This text explains the characteristics of Acre's educational policy (1999-2010) and its impact on state capacity and equity. The conception of public policy was based on Arretche (1998) and Palumbo (1989). To characterize the policy, interviews were carried out with implementing agents in 2014, data treated by content analysis. State capacity was defined based on Souza (2017), Souza and Fontanelli (2020) and Gomide and Boschi (2016). In order to verify equity, in the light of Fraser (2007) and Dubet (2008) we analyzed: policy strategies and the evolution of enrollment of indigenous and rural populations; and Saeb student proficiency data from 1999, 2005, and 2011 by gender, race, and social class, based on Crahay (2000). The characteristics of the policy include: i) Organization and planning; ii) guarantee of basic operating conditions; iii) coordination of pedagogical practices; iv) meeting the needs of population diversity and strengthening local identities; v) negotiation processes. These characteristics indicate the expansion of state capacity in Acre in the period. Strategies supported by principles of recognition justice favoring excluded populations. Analysis of student proficiency differences between social groups indicates broadening gender equity.

The indigenous people, Tembé-Tenetehara, for many centuries have practiced the Ritual Festa do Moqueado, which celebrates the passage of boys and girls from childhood into adulthood. This ritual, which relies heavily upon the traditional knowledge and wisdom the Tembé-Tenetehara people. The purpose of this research is to analyze how the Grilling Party Ritual sets in an educational process that circulates and appropriates multiple knowledge and its contribution to the culture and indigenous identity. To achieve this goal, key knowledge present in the Grilling Party Ritual will be inventoried in order to elucidate how this knowledge is circulated and appropriated during the ritual by Indians. We intend to map this knowledge to establish how to configure an educational process in order to understand their contribution to the construction of identity and indigenous culture. The survey ranks the qualitative approach and establishes ethnomethodology as its main methodological approach, using Garfinkel (2006), Coulon (2005). The data collection techniques used are connected to this investigative proposal: participant observation, interviews, field notes. The main theoretical categories used in analytical work are: education (Brandão, 2002), culture (Williams, 2011), ritual (Sagalen, 2002), identity (Giddens, 2002), and knowledge (Martinic, 1994).

This second dossier, as well as the first organized by us - Kaizô and Juliane – in May of 2020 presents results of studies that glimpse the experiences of indigenous peoples in the task of satisfying their specific needs in indigenous school education and indigenous education, incorporating from that, their history, beliefs, value system and organizational culture. The socio-historical trajectory for indigenous peoples to achieve their pedagogical autonomy involves the appropriation of educational processes that are linked to both indigenous school education and indigenous education (own learning processes). For indigenous peoples, this path might seem simple, at first, due to the new paradigm of indigenous school education that privileges cultural diversity. However as the indigenous people advance towards the achievement of their own conquest projects, they come across several bureaucratic and difficult issues. In this sense, the guidelines presented here do not reflect all the complexity of the scenarios in which the indigenous populations of Brazil and Latin America find themselves, nor the multiple facets that they can assume. However we hope that the studies socialized here can help and expand the reflections, in addition to serving as an invitation for more and more indigenous populations to have visibility in academic scientific circles.

The present work, the result of the dialogical authorship between an indigenous academic and researcher and two non-indigenous researchers involved in this theme, intends to contribute to greater visibility and recognition of the trajectories of indigenous scholars and professionals formed by public universities in a recent context of affirmative actions that enable the entry and permanence of indigenous and afro-descendant populations in Brazil and Latin America. These subjects have been inserted in the higher education and intensively worked in the most different spaces of student stay, of political struggles, of social and cultural recognition, not only in academic environments but also in the daily life of their communities of belonging. It is a qualitative research, carried out through bibliographical review, documentary research and the report of the experience of an indigenous academic and researcher. The undertaken reflections highlight the daily challenges experienced by indigenous peoples as researchers, intellectuals, protagonists, subjects and authors of the knowledge produced by them, inaugurating an unprecedented moment in the history of indigenous people in Brazil and contributing to new strategies of resistance and strengthening of indigenous people struggles.

Brazilian indigenous groups are looking for ways to rescue their culture, but they often face difficulties within education, and more specifically, science education. The aim of this study was to identify and discuss the perceptions of Aikanã indigenous students about the fruit plants of their native land. The data were obtained through a questionnaire, applied to 6th to 9th grade elementar school students, from the Municipal School Multisseriada Indígena Capitan Aritimon, located in the Gleba Tubarão Village, Tubarão Latundê Indigenous Land. It was observed that these fruits guarantee food sustainability in the village, and are known by the students. Most of the time, however, the fruits are distant from the village, thus making their consumption difficult. Research use in teaching science helps students access a prior knowledge that they already have about these native fruits, and. thus are important tools for teaching and building knowledge.

This research aimed to propose statistical predictive models for the dropout management in undergraduate courses of a Brazilian higher education institution. For this, we conducted an applied study in four undergraduate e-learning courses at a Brazilian public university. We collected the data of 2,991 students from the university’s institutional systems and we used the binary logistic regression method. In the end, we conclude that for different courses, different variables can influence the dropout phenomenon, as well as the same variable can generate different effects in different realities. In addition, the statistical predictive models developed allowed the inference “dropout” or “permanence” for active students at the time of data collection. In partial assessment of the accuracy of the models, we identified that 9 out of 10 dropouts that occurred were previously identified by the models developed. This highlights the potential for using predictive models to the student dropout management, providing a basis for reviewing educational policies and management by identifying the variables that influence student dropout and permanence, as well as by early identification of students at risk of dropout.

Given the challenges and even the setbacks that our country has faced over research, especially those in the field of Education, this article aims to place the importance of research for the expansion and understanding of Youth and Adult Education (EJA) as an area of knowledge. Therefore, there is evidence that the current policies of the Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education (CAPES) do not consider in their Table of Knowledge and Evaluation Area the EJA as an area of knowledge. Knowing this, we will defend the premise that the EJA, based on its research, has the purpose of providing to teaching, research and extension institutions a theoretical systematization of knowledge produced from categories, which can be classified as empirical, analytical and philosophical. It is concluded that the EJA is much more than a modality of Basic Education, it is an important field of research for Brazilian education, and, as such, it produces epistemologies.

This article is part research that was held at the training course for indigenous Guarani Kaiowá professors from Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul. The study aimed to develop strategies ethnomathematics (generation, organization and dissemination of knowledge) in the initial training of indigenous teachers of mathematics, in order to contribute to the maintenance and dynamisation of the Guarani kaiowá and culture. The data were analyzed qualitatively by participatory observation of the researcher during the lessons taught in the area specifies for the formation of indigenous teachers of mathematics. We find because of the activities developed during the investigative process that future indigenous teachers of mathematics despite having awareness of the need for a differentiated education find themselves in a universe of indecision about your training. Thereby, we point out that there may be a holistic conception of education, having the route with your multicultural approach and ethnomathematics vision reality qualitative. We conclude that the ethnomathematics educational alternative, contributes to maintaining culture and Guarani Kaiowá on initial training and of indigenous professors of mathematics, developing teaching strategies, leading to promotion of respect, appreciation, the strengthening of mother tongue and cultural roots, because in its fundamentals, we have a transdisciplinary and transcultural education.

This paper aims to discuss the access of the Apinayé indigenous people to the Rural Education Degree: Codes and Languages - Arts and Music, at the Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), Tocantinópolis campus, state of Tocantins, Brazil, as well as to dialogue with some contemporary theorists (Brandão, 1983; Haesbaert, 2016; Lévi-Strauss, 1973; Nimuendajú, 1956; Santos, 1999) about socio-cultural diversity in the State of Tocantins. For that, the research addresses aspects of selection processes, didactic-pedagogical practices, language and affirmative policy programs that (do not) favor the access and inclusion/permanence of these students in the University. The research is of a bibliographical and exploratory nature, with a qualitative-interpretative approach. Since its first selection process in 2014, this graduation course annually welcomes incoming Apinayé indigenous students. The research results show that, although UFT uses different affirmative actions such as specific programs to welcome and support indigenous students and the didactic-pedagogical activities implemented in the classroom in the Degree in Rural Education have their specificities focused on the formation of the people of the countryside, all this has not been enough to guarantee the inclusion/permanence of the indigenous people in this undergraduate course. The largest barriers faced by Apinayé students have been the Portuguese language and the epistemology of academia.