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Glucosidase is one of the most important hydrolases in the carbohydrate metabolism pathway in human body. It is noteworthy that glucosidase was raising high attention in numerous researches, attributed to its functional values and biological activities. The expression, secretion, extraction, purification, and quantitative analysis of glucosidase occupies an important position in the research of glucosidase. The Pichia pastoris expression system has been developed for 50 years. With its unique advantages, the expression system has successfully expressed hundreds of heterologous proteins. This article briefly describes the process of high-efficiency expression, extraction and purification of glucosidase in the P. pastoris expression system, focusing on the expression, separation and purification of glucosidase in P. pastoris, as well as the quantitative and activity analysis methods of glucosidase. Affinity chromatography is used for the separation and purification of crude enzyme solution, and UV–visible spectroscopy can be used for enzyme quantification and activity analysis.

Anthocyanins are one of the most important water-soluble pigments in the nature. Interests in the research of anthocyanins are increasing due to its nutritional value and biological activity. Extraction, separation and qualitative and quantitative analysis of anthocyanins are indispensable and important results in the study of anthocyanins. This article briefly outlines the main extraction processes of anthocyanins, focusing on describing the qualitative and quantitative analysis methods of anthocyanins in details. High performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry can be used for qualitative and quantitative analysis. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscope and other methods such as thin-layer chromatography, UV–visible spectroscopy and infrared spectrometer can be used for qualitative and analysis. Single pH method, Subtraction method, pH differential method can be used for quantitative and analysis.

The gut microbiota—the community of microorganisms in the gut—has been implicated in many physical and mental disorders in addition to intestinal diseases. Diets are the most studied and promising factors for altering it. Indeed, certain dietary interventions that increase fiber intake rapidly change levels of certain nutrients that can modify the composition of the microbiota, promoting richness and diversity. Recent intriguing evidence from several human clinical trials suggested that the composition and diversity of patients’ gut microbiotas at baseline can influence their responses to cancer immunotherapy. If the factors that influence the gut microbiota were fully understood, it is conceivable that manipulating them could boost therapeutic responses in cancer patients. In this review, we investigate the possibility of using fruits, vegetables, or whole grains to enhance response to cancer therapies in humans, as current evidence suggests that these dietary components can manipulate and enhance diversity of the gut microbiota. Accordingly, dietary interventions with locally available fruits, vegetables, and whole grains might be an affordable and safe approach to enhancing the diversity of the gut microbiota before immunotherapy, in turn improving patients’ responses to their treatments.