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Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health issue that affects people all over the globe. Hematological problems are connected to varying grades of CKD. Objective: To study the relationship between chronic kidney disease and hematological indices, and to study the effect of hemodialysis on these parameters. Subjects and Methods: At Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Egypt. we conducted this cross-sectional study in addition to the Nephrology Unit of El-Sahel teaching hospital from May 2019 to February 2020 on 165 subjects categorized into three groups with each group of 55 subjects. Group I included normal healthy persons. Group II involved chronic kidney disease patients not on hemodialysis (NDD-CKD) while Group III included patients on maintenance hemodialysis (DD-CKD). All participants' histories were gathered, with particular attention paid to demographic data and the co-morbid medical conditions as diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Full clinical examination was done including local and systemic examinations. In addition, a complete blood count, urea, and creatinine levels were measured. Results: There is a significant association between CKD and changes in RBCs indices with a significant effect of hemodialysis on these changes. A decrease in the mean platelet count in diseased groups compared with normal ones was revealed. We also found differences between the 3 groups according to WBCs indices with significant changes between the 3 groups in TLC. Conclusion: CKD impacts all hematological parameters and hemodialysis also influence all these parameters [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem and a major cause of suffering and having a reduced quality of life for those affected. Objective: We aimed to study the changes in red blood cell indices and mineral bone metabolism in hemodialysis patients and to explore the correlation between these studied parameters. Patients and Methods: This is a case control study included 55 adult patients with end stage renal disease on maintenance hemodialysis as well as 55 healthy individuals as a control group. All participants were subjected to laboratory investigations included complete blood count and serum levels of creatinine, urea, total calcium, albumin, phosphate and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH). Results: Our study showed that hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit and red blood cell count were significantly reduced in the hemodialysis patients (P<0.001 for all). Regarding mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, no significant differences were found between the hemodialysis patients and the control group (P= 0.362, 0.116, 0.22, respectively). In the hemodialysis group, the albumin-corrected serum calcium level was significantly lower while the serum phosphate and iPTH levels were significantly higher compared to the control group (P<0.001 for all). Hb was inversely correlated with serum iPTH (r=-0.359, P=0.007) and serum phosphate (r=-0.570, P<0.001) in the hemodialysis group and was inversely correlated with serum phosphate (r=- 0.495, P<0.001) in the control group. Conclusion: Hemodialysis patients are at high risk of anemia, hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia and hyperparathyroidism. In hemodialysis patients, an association was found between anemia and each of hyperphosphatemia and hyperparathyroidism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at increased risk of atherosclerosis. The early recognition of atherosclerosis at its subclinical stages can slow or prevent progression to atherosclerotic diseases, including coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral arterial disease. Objective: Identification of the relationship between T2DM and subclinical atherosclerosis and to explore factors that can be associated with a high risk of subclinical atherosclerosis. Patients and Methods: We recruited 75 participants among whom 50 T2DM while 25 were controls. Patients with T2DM were subdivided into two equal groups, well-controlled and uncontrolled. After complete history and examination, investigations including fasting and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and serum triglyceride (TG) levels were obtained. All participants underwent duplex ultrasound that was used to measure carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) as a biomarker of subclinical atherosclerosis. Results: Uncontrolled diabetics had increased cIMT than well-controlled diabetics and well-controlled diabetics had increased cIMT than non-diabetics. There was a highly significant positive correlation between cIMT and duration of diabetes in both well-controlled and uncontrolled diabetic groups. In the uncontrolled diabetic group only, there was a highly significant positive correlation between cIMT and each of hs-CRP and TG levels. Conclusion: The risk of subclinical atherosclerosis is higher in type 2 diabetic patients especially in those with uncontrolled diabetes. In uncontrolled diabetics, subclinical atherosclerosis is associated with hypertriglyceridemia and elevated hs-CRP level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at increased risk of atherosclerosis. The early recognition of atherosclerosis at its subclinical stages can slow or prevent progression to atherosclerotic diseases, including coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral arterial disease. Objective: Identification of the relationship between T2DM and subclinical atherosclerosis and to explore factors that can be associated with a high risk of subclinical atherosclerosis. Patients and Methods: We recruited 75 participants among whom 50 T2DM while 25 were controls. Patients with T2DM were subdivided into two equal groups, well-controlled and uncontrolled. After complete history and examination, investigations including fasting and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and serum triglyceride (TG) levels were obtained. All participants underwent duplex ultrasound that was used to measure carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) as a biomarker of subclinical atherosclerosis. Results: Uncontrolled diabetics had increased cIMT than well-controlled diabetics and well-controlled diabetics had increased cIMT than non-diabetics. There was a highly significant positive correlation between cIMT and duration of diabetes in both well-controlled and uncontrolled diabetic groups. In the uncontrolled diabetic group only, there was a highly significant positive correlation between cIMT and each of hs-CRP and TG levels. Conclusion: The risk of subclinical atherosclerosis is higher in type 2 diabetic patients especially in those with uncontrolled diabetes. In uncontrolled diabetics, subclinical atherosclerosis is associated with hypertriglyceridemia and elevated hs-CRP level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]