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This randomized clinical trial was conducted on female patients in need of extraction of at least of two maxillary first premolars. The sample was divided into three groups; Group I: study group with Anterior retraction hook (ARH) of 9 mm, group II: study group with ARH of 6 mm, group III: study group with ARH of 3mm. Cone beam computed tomography were taken at two-time intervals for the whole sample; T1: Before the onset of en-masse retraction and T2: After the completion of en-masse retraction.Significant reduction in the inclination of anterior teeth as measured to the palatal plane had been recorded in three groups. Significant retraction of crowns and roots of anterior teeth had been recorded in all groups. Significantly lower amount of root movement had been recorded in group 2 and 3 compared to group 1. All groups showed significant intrusive movement with significantly less intrusion movement in group 2 and group 3 compared to group 1.

Objective: Primary objective: To evaluate the effect of Miswak extract varnish on streptococcus mutans (S.mutans) counts in saliva and plaque, gingival bleeding index (GBI) and plaque index (PI) in orthodontic patients. Secondary objective: to suggest an appropriate frequency Miswak varnishes application to produce maximum efficiency. Material and methods: Enrolled patients (n=75) were randomly and equally divided into 3groups. Chlorhexidine varnish group, Miswak varnish group and control group. S.mutans counts in plaque and saliva, GBI and PI were evaluated at different time points; T0: before brackets bonding, T1: two weeks after brackets bonding, T2: one months after brackets bonding and T3: three months after brackets bonding. Results: Both chlorhexidine and Miswak varnishes reduced plaque S.mutans counts significantly at T2 compared to the controls, with no significant difference between Chlorhexidine and Miswak varnishes at this timepoint. After 3 months, chlorhexidine varnish group had the lowest S.mutans plaque counts followed by Miswak varnish group, while the control group had the highest counts. GBI was reduced significantly in both chlorhexidine and Miswak varnishes groups, when compared to the control group at both one month and 3 months timepoints with no statistically significant differences between chlorhexidine and Miswak neither at one month nor at 3 months. PI showed no statistically significant differences between the 3 study groups at different timepoints. Conclusions: Miswak varnish can be an acceptable natural substitute to chlorhexidine varnish as an anticariogenic agent if applied at monthly basis. Mechanical brushing is mandatory to reduce plaque accumulation and maintain proper gingival health.

The aim of this RCT is to study the effect of low level laser therapy (LLLT) with en masse maxillary anterior retraction in class II division 1 female patients on root resorption. Materials and Methods: 20 non-growing female patients were randomly allocated in 2 groups: Group I receiving LLLT 4 times/month (0, 3, 7 and, 14) days of activation, Group II receiving no laser therapy. CBCT was taken at T1 (prior to retraction) and T2 (after closure of spaces). Root resorption was evaluated by analyzing both root length (RL) and root area (RA) of six anterior teeth and compared between T1 and T2. Results: Root resorption was detected in all teeth in both groups with significant difference between the two groups regarding RL and RA (P

The aim of this study was to compare tooth measurements obtained by two differently acquired digital model and conventional plaster cast measurements. Materials and methods: This study comprised 40 patients. Digital casts were obtained by two methods; Intraoral scanning by carestream intraoral scanner CS3600 powder free and model scanning by cast scanner Sirona InEos X5 scanner. Three study groups were obtained; Group 1: conventional dental casts ,group 2: digital casts obtained with powder free intraoral scanning and group 3: digital casts obtained by cast scanner. Intercanine and intermolar widths in addition to individual tooth measurements were made using Viewbox program for digital casts and digital caliper for the plaster cast. Results: No statistical significant difference between three groups regarding all measurements had been found. Conclusion:The results of this study confirm the potential of intraoral scanning to acquire data as accurate as alginate impressions as well as scanned digital casts for orthodontic applications

Introduction:Failure of orthodontic bonded retainers may affect the orthodontic results and cause relapse.Objectives:To compare in vitro the effect of vertical load on failure of three different bonded lingual retainers:Flat braided wire “Bond A. Braid”, Dead soft wire “RESPOND”, Fiber reinforced composite “Infibra Ribbon”. Bonded with Tetric-N Flowadhesive system.Materials and Methods:Ninetymandibular incisors were used in the study, thirty specimens (N=30) in triads divided into 3 groups (n=10 for each group). Roots of the incisors were covered with elastomeric impression material to mimic periodontal ligaments elasticity and embedded in triads in acrylic resin blocks. They were randomly divided into 3 groups to receive the following retainer wire materials:Group A (Flat braided wire “Bond A. Braid”), Group B (Dead soft wire “RESPOND”), and Group C (Fiber reinforced composite “Infibra Ribbon”). And these retainer wires were bonded to the lingual surfaces using Tetric-N Flowadhesive system.The three groups were subjected to 10,000 thermal cycles between 55▫C & 5▫C using a thermo-cycling machine. Each specimen was subjected to loading forces at the incisal edge of the middle incisor for 125,000 cycles. Then failure forces were measured using a Universal Testing Machine at a cross head speed (1mm/min) applied on the wire of the interproximal segments.Failure sites were determined and the adhesive remnant index (ARI) was observed using a stereomicroscope at (×20) magnification.Results:Mean debonding forces were 46.27 ±12.28, 36.03 ± 6.09, 30.09 ± 15.73 N for Groups A,B and C respectively, presenting significant difference between the groups (p < 0.05). The highest value for the mean force was found for the Bond-A-Braid (group A) and the lowest value for the mean force was found for the FRC (group C). There was no statistically significant difference in displacement among test groups. There was no fracture occurred of any wire. There was no significant difference between the distribution of the ARI score between the three groups (p=0.322).The ARI scores were observed under the optical stereomicroscope showing multiple failures at the composite-wire interface and the tooth-composite interface.Conclusions: There was a significant difference between “Bond A. Braid” wire and “FRC” where “Bond A. Braid” had the highest debonding forces and the “FRC” had the lowest debonding forces. There was no significant difference in displacement of the retainers between the three groups. There was no significant difference between the ARI of the lingual retainer systems and types of failure as well.