Search

This paper aims at making a brief analysis of the relevant EU legal acts in matters of international judicial and police cooperation and the effects on the national legislation of Romania. The objective is important as it concerns the European area of freedom, security and justice, protecting citizens being a fundamental objective of the Union. The paper will consider the terms and concepts mostly legal and will focus on the areas of international police and judicial cooperation. The approach used by the authors is, in essence, from a legal perspective, being used research methods like study and observation. The result of research leads to the conclusion that international judicial cooperation in criminal matters is complex, requiring the transposition into national law of a larger number of EU legal acts compared to international police cooperation. The paper may have implications in the activity of institutions which have attributions in the fields above-mentioned, but can be useful for people interested in the evolution of internal legal documents. Essentially, the work highlights the need for giving up legal national pride for the best possible cooperation of the member States authorities with responsibilities in both areas.

The introduction of social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter, and MySpace has provided a relatively new platform for interpersonal communication. a vital part of daily living and a popular way of initiating, establishing, maintaining, and enhancing existing as well as new relationships. However, certain problems and difficulties have arisen from this issue. The present research has been done to outline the four “As” related to cyber intimacy (anonymity, affordability, accessibility; approximation) as identified by King (1999), Cooper (2000; 2002), Ross (2002), and Tikkanen and Ross (2003) by outlining how these “As” are noted within the published literature. There have also been taken into consideration two more “As” (ambiguity and accommodation) as introduced by Hertlein and Stevenson (2010).

The prospect of a fully integrated European Union and, equally, symmetrically developed from an economic point of view, is an ideal desiderate that will go through a long and totally uncertain course. If the accession of the states and the establishment of the European Union as a supranational state materialized in one way or another, the process of integration of these states is altogether different. This cultural and economic diversity must go through a broad interconnection and interdisciplinary process, a process that will take place according to the natural or artificial managers involved in this integrative construction. The natural factors are constituted from the empathy of nations to such a process and the artificial factors are characterized by community instruments developed for implementation throughout the European community. In this paper, we intend to give a point of view on the complexity of the European integration process of the Member States and also to address this process from the point of view of the secessionist movements, that have lately become very visible, from our perspective with very serious consequences on the stability and development of the Community framework. Even if the vast majority of secessionist formations are of a small size, their distribution throughout the European space makes this phenomenon a substantial one in the EU integration and development process.

Regardless of the form of ownership or social capital, companies registered in Romania must prepare annual financial statements. Depending on the size criteria, these are mandatory to be audited. At thesame time, the auditing of the financial statements can be made outside the established size criteria. Given the development of the Romanian society and the integration of Romania into the European Union, the need to harmonize the legislation of our country with the European one has emerged. An important role for this purpose is the application of the European legislation in the Romanian legislation through the implementation of the European Regulations and the European Directives. Harmonizing national and European legislation, along with international accounting and financial reporting standards, lead to a better implementation of methods and techniques for detecting tax fraud and combating money laundering and terrorist financing. The need for auditing financial statements comes from the need for insurance - both for shareholders and for state institutions and business partners of companies - that financial reports objectively reflect the clarity and reality of the information contained, that they are prepared in accordance with legal requirements in the fiel d and that the significant dangers of the information presented are excluded.

The taxation gets attention of entities regardless the applicable accounting system. It has been developed and is still widely developed by legislative provisions, rules, regulations and guidelines often difficult applicable in practice, through countless changes, new releases of taxes, new bases of calculation whose foundation must meet financial and budgetary policy of the executive. The tax system in Romania, in recent years, has undergone many unpredictable and often controversial changes, which influenced both accounting and business.

In this paper I used methods specific to cognitive-behavioural psychotherapy in solving a case of depressive-anxiety disorder with panic attacks. Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) is a form of problemfocussed psychotherapy, with obvious results centred on ameliorating or curing neuropsychotic (nervous diseases) or psychosomatic symptoms (relating to the mental origin of certain diseases). After a nine-seat sessions, the patient’s condition is greatly improved, panic attacks decreased as frequency and intensity. I have noticed in my patient’s evolution that depressive symptomatology has been reduced by reducing the anxiety symptoms. I told him that there might be panic attacks, but that this is irrelevant to the idea of reoccurrence of the anxiety disorder. It is good to interpret the possible panic attack as an event from which to learn something - to analyze it, to think about what it has caused.

Social media era brought a major change in the way politicians communicate online with their voters. Social platforms are bringing politicians closer to people and communication is now more interactive and more personalized. The paper examines how a woman politician, the mayor of Bucharest, the capital city of Romania, uses social media to promote personalized messages in daily political communication during an ordinary period of office. Politicians use personalized communication in the online environment to transmit both personal information about family life, religious orientation, personal experiences, and to disseminate information of public interest that has not been made public by traditional media. This fades the boundary between what is public and what is private. There is a broad agreement on the fact that the personalization of the political message must be studied as a multidimensional phenomenon (Holtz-Bacha et alii, 2014; Nave, N. et alii, 2018) being “a natural consequence of transformations at the level of political and media systems, at the level of society and public culture” (Toader, 2017) transforming politicians into “intimate strangers” (Stainer, 2007). The research analyzes the personalized messages on the Facebook page of Gabriela Firea, the mayor of Bucharest, between 1st of July and 31st December 2018 on quantitative criteria, as well as the reactions of the online public and is part of a larger research work that approaches the triad of women political leadership, social media (Facebook) and political communication from a multidisciplinary perspective.

In this paper, we intend to follow how the patriotism was explained to Romanians during the period preceding Romania’s entry into the First World War. We consider our approach important and because on 1st of December 2018 the Romanians celebrated for the one hundredth time the Day of the Great Union. In our research, three texts, each of them belonging to another author, will be followed. The first text represents an orthodox Christian point of view on patriotism, the second text comes from the sphere of politics, and the last text on which we will stop embodies the military vision of the matter dealt with here. In addition to these three texts, we will also use articles that have been published in magazines such as: Revista Generală a Învăţământului (The General Magazine of Education), Revista Istorică Română (the Romanian Historical Review), Revista Grănicerilor (the Guardian Magazine), Revista Istorică Română (the Historic Magazine), Biserica Ortodoxă Română (the Romanian Orthodox Church,) Furnica, etc.

Presumption of innocence and the principle of finding the truth is fundamental Principles underlying criminal proceedings. The role of these principles is relevant in terms of a fair criminal trial and to keep alive the idea of protecting the individual against any abuse of State Authorities. Principles of criminal procedure that any advantage doubt suspect/accused (in dubio pro reo - an integral part of the principle of finding the truth) and that guilt will be proven beyond a reasonable doubt, have the pillars that support Even the criminal justice process. The main target of these principles have even those in respect of the burden of proof rests Which, that the state authorities, which in the case of offenses will have to find out those who committed crimes and to impose a sentence commensurate with their guilt. Through this article we wanted, if possible, to realize year analysis of the applicability of these principles in the romanian legal system given that our country still has a form of democracy early, relatively young, having emerged from a long period of dictatorship. Taking as reference the above, we propose that the content of this article is to outline whether the reality these principles of Romanian criminal trial or a dream, a goal to achieve and most importantly, how we can improve how to apply these principles.

In this paper we made a research viewing the economically approach on main work place and their specific problems in an industrial plant. It shall also take into account aspects concerning the security of work place elements, in the context require of Europe Union. Is highlighted the scientific progress and the innovation in the field of risk assessment and environmental security. The structure and content of the paper are aimed to show the workers skills and abilities in the context of work processes specificity and necessary mechanisms that can avoid the risks in industrial activity. It takes in account the elements of risk assessment and tools of investigation and implementation in terms of work performance.

The present paper intends to approach the pharmaceutical text as a genre of medical discourse, focusing especially on the translation of Patient Information Leaflets (PILs).The aim of this paper is to investigate the translation issues raised by these texts and to offer some translation strategies in order to facilitate their understanding by the non – specialist readers. One of the novelty elements of this article consists in an interdisciplinary approach of the pharmaceutical texts and their analysis from different perspectives: of translation studies, of linguistics, of pragmatics and of cultural studies. The translation of pharmaceutical texts represents a difficult process, due to the complexity of the language that encloses terms from all the medicine fields, as well as the necessity to respect the specific terminology and to integrate the translation in a certain text typology. The attempt of finding the optimum translation strategies in order to facilitate the understanding of these texts by the lay - receiver represents another new element of this approach, given that, there are not many studies in the field literature that focus on this topic.

The present paper aims to present the way of assessing the opinions of the pupils in the terminal classes, which regarding the choosing the educational or professional route and substantiating the support measures in the analysis of the alternatives available to them. The method used in this research is the investigation based on the questionnaire. This is a qualitative approach in order to identify the students' school and professional orientation. The educational assessment that is supposed to be done in this study seeks to counsel and guide these students in order to make appropriate choices in choosing of the educational/professional paths by the investigated students. In this research, an opinion poll has been applied to the pupils in the terminal classes, which allows an overview of the school and professional orientation of these pupils. The evaluation and interpretation of the answers lead to highlighting of the school options that certify the personal interests of each student in relation with the choice of the educational/professional path. The study provides an opportunity for the school units to obtain information about the training and interests of the students. Depending on the analysis of the results obtained in terms of the opinion questionnaire, the school units must ensure the stimulation and valorization of the cognitive, aptitude and creativity potential necessary for the increase of the pupils' school performances. This study highlights the real need for a better correlation of the educational offer in the vocational and technical education with the students' aspirations and the labor market requirements.

The present analysis aims to highlight the different methods of verification of the data obtained by judicial bodies through technical surveillance methods provided by the Criminal Procedure Code. Although the current legislative framework as interpreted by the Constitutional Court of Romania provides specific guarantees in order to prevent using forged evidences in the criminal trial, we believe that the court, after the indictment, needs to verify on its own the authenticity of such means of evidence. Therefore, the doctrine and the recent jurisprudence of national courts stated in this context the need for an independent expertise that can analyze the data obtained through technical surveillance in order to be used as evidence in a criminal trial. Also, the present context of the Romania legislative reform and the context in which several cooperation protocol between criminal investigation bodies and Romanian Intelligence Service were declassified, led to a stringent need for such an expertise. We tend to believe that without an independent expert that can assess whether the recordings are authentic or not, the court cannot in good faith decide to convict a person. Present paper is of interest to any law practitioner as it tries to highlight in a concise manner both the framework for such an expertise and the means to obtain it.

In 2015 Albania introduced the Law No. 139 on “Self-Government in the Republic of Albania” as one of the most relevant reformations, in the framework of the integration of the country into European Union. Indeed the aim of law, is to provide a more effective, efficient and a closer local government to the citizens, introducing in this way the European concept of good administration. In this paper we intend to treat the promotion of citizen’s participation in the decision-making process, as one the key elements of the good administration. Hence we will analyse if the citizens are involved to the decision-making process in local government, after three years of the implementation of the law. Thus, through the comparative methodology between the old and new legislation on local government, we will highlight what are concrete innovations, in terms of inclusion of citizens in the decision-making, in order to know what to expect from the law. Moreover, through the examination of the recent studies, we will try to figure out, how the most important municipalities in Albania such as Tirana and Durrës, are including the citizens in the decision-making processs. In addition we will look through the public hearings, as a tool of citizen’s participation in the decision-making process, by analysing the published minutes at the municipalities’ website. Therefore the results will induce to a comprehensive panorama of good administration at local government in Albania, in terms of citizens’ participation to the decision-making process. Such outcomes will lead to some recommendations for future improvement which are addressed to the public administrators and to the legislators as well.

Albania has undertaken important national and international legal commitments to combat discrimination and to promote and make gender equality a reality. In this context, governmental structures, in cooperation with civil society and international organizations, have particularly worked towards improving gender sensitive legislation and policies, building and strengthening structures in support of gender equality and preventing and fighting violence against women and domestic violence. Albanian governments through years have drafted several strategies that sustain and protect women's rights, with the support of several international organizations and various NGOs. Personal rights and freedoms recognized in the context of human rights include a wide range of rights. Analyzing such rights in general terms is a broad-spectrum issue, so in this paper we will only deal with some of them.

The local development potential of the Galati-Braila urban agglomeration is bigger than if we were thinking about the socio-economic development at each city level. A renewed design of spatial development strategies are required in order to overcome the local limiting factors and to create the necessary local consensus for policies targeting institutional reforms mainly on labour market, capital mobility and some basic infrastructure and accessibility policies. This research paper is an inventory of needs and resources of Galati - Braila urban agglomeration from the perspective of HEIs which provide a creative environment able to foster cooperation and collective action of a wide range of actors, from public sector institutions to civil society, incorporating private sector actors and moreover research institution from abroad, ensuring in this way that the knowledge is decisively transferred from the scientific literature into institutional work-frame. The paper concludes that territorial development policies should first and foremost help Galati-Braila urban agglomeration to develop its territorial capital, the role of HEIs being fundamental, especially because superior education aims to increase competences and human capital endowment.

In public entities, like in any other organization, management, the leading process, should be based on a thorough knowledge of the given situation. The knowledge management needs in order to direct its activities is got following the analyses conducted to identify vulnerabilities and opportunities for the development of managed unit. Therefore, management activity in general, involves activities of leadership experience’s synthesizing and generalization, of searching new formulas and finding the best solutions and method for organization’s management. Internal audit has an important role in this management process.

The present paper aims to analyze the judicial expertise of devices that contain the results of the technical surveillance activity from a procedural point of view. The constant evolution of technical methods to obtain evidences in criminal trials led to the development of new types of expertise in various fields. One of these is the expertise of any device or optical support on which recordings of intercepted conversations are stored. Statistical data from the courts shows that technical surveillance is very common in Romania, being used as proof for various crimes from white collar crimes such as abuse of office or bribery to violent crimes or drug trafficking. Yet, being electronic the recordings can be forged, fragmented, collated aspect that can lead to unlawful trials or abuses from judicial bodies.In order to prevent that, the doctrine and the jurisprudence stated that the court may order technical expertise of the recordings to verify their the authenticity and continuity. If it is found, after examination, the lack of authenticity of the records or interfering mixes in the text or removal of passages of conversation, they cannot be retained in the case and cannot be used as evidence. Furthermore, judicial expertise of devices that contain the results of the technical surveillance activity can prove to be of real value in different kinds of criminal trials, from corruption cases, to murder trials, drug trafficking, human trafficking, etc. The academic and practical interest of the present study lies in the fact that it addresses both law theorists and practitioners in the field as it analyzes how judicial bodies can use the judicial expertise in the criminal trial and how to corroborate such a report with the other evidences administered by classic methods.

One of the main characteristics discriminating the man from animals is the spoken language. Once the man acquired this ability to express himself by words he is then able to do this in different pattern languages, such people are called polyglots. Our brain is such a powerful machine, to a certain degree we follow the same development course as animals in terms of breathing, eating, walking but higher on the evolution scale the man achieved this higher level of communication by words. Language, i.e. spoken language, is a complex communication system consisting in speech-sounds combinations expressed by words. Assembled correctly, to specific and coherent patterns words create then sentences which result in ideas and thoughts. Human nervous system plays a huge role in facilitating this communication function. How do we do this? Is that a mystery or a predictable pattern that our brain creates to code and decode spoken language?

This article presents different ways in which new virtual reality technologies can be used in the development of software applications dedicated to supporting organizational learning/training processes. Thus, virtual reality can offer employees of enterprises in the Romanian economy access to an advanced training system by creating virtual environments that simulate real scenarios in which users have total freedom of movement and interaction with the constituent elements. Virtual Reality addresses to senses and perception. The VR technologies presented in this article address not only basic senses such as vision or hearing, but also senses such as balance or intuition. Thus, the brain is helped by the entire sensory system to receive a rich flow of information that starts from the environment and comes to mind. Therefore, if we present the artificially created information to the senses, the way in which reality is perceived will also be altered. In this context, we will also present the current state of the virtual reality technologies that can be used to implement VR applications as well as the essential principles applicable to the development of virtual reality applications. At the same time, the article shows how the use of virtual reality can support the three important aspects of vocational training: work experience - users having the opportunity to be in unfamiliar workplaces in a 360 degree perspective, learning skills – virtual reality helps to identify the balance between acquiring knowledge and training the experience, allowing the same scenarios to be scanned several times, without additional costs or inconveniences, access to a different perspective - allowing the user to perform actions normally performed by experienced employees.

The article focuses on the general aspects of the speech acts in J. Austin and J. Searle perspectives, who are considered the founders of the theory of speech acts. Simultaneously an analysis on pieces of publicity was made, precisely a bank brochure and an advertising video for BT bank. It started with the classifications of the above mentioned theorists and continued with a practical part (a study on a bank brochure and advertising video) whose purpose consisted of confirming the idea that all comprising elements of the “analyzed material” represent speech acts that respect the pragmatics and linguistics principles.

This article is a study focusing on an important area of appliances we inevitably use almost daily and which has a tendency of renewal, diversification and quality improvement – that is the television set. There is a discrepancy between the quality of the products on the market and the one required by customers. When the difference between them is minor, it has a stimulating role for the producer, but when it is considerable, there is a negative effect on the customer. Thus, this paper carries out a comparative analysis of quality on a segment of television sets traded in Romania which represents a main component of enterprise management by means of which decisions on quality strategy according to market variations are made.

Housing is a very important case as a common function of central and local government, as a consequence of the increased requests of the citizens for housing and finding the best policies to achieve the best realization. Actually in Albania is approved the law no. 22/2018 “For social housing”, by the Assembly of Albania, which is a very important act for the realization of social housing programs. The object of this law is the definition of rules and administrative procedures for the ways of planning, insurance, administration and the distribution of social programs of housing, with the purpose of creating opportunities for suitable and affordable housing, relying on the paying capacity of families in need of housing and the assistance of responsible state institutions. This law is defined as a very important act because in the housing programs a part of them belongs to woman as victims of violence, as a further step towards meeting the standarts of the Concil of Europe Convention “For preventing and fighting violence against woman and domestic violence”.

Romania’s changing sides on August 23rd to the United Nations would bring the Romanian state back into the “large team of democratic states” only for a short period of time. The international position of the newly established government in Bucharest would improve considerably, within the limits allowed by the inheritance of a military alliance with a Germany which although powerful at the beginning of the conflict, it was now on the verge of losing the war.

In this article, we analyse the legal nature of the relations between the local public administration authorities or, as the case may be, between the intercommunity developments associations with the purpose of public utilities and users. Law no. 51/2006 on community services of public utilities establishes that they are subject to legal norms of public or private law, as the case may be. Therefore, the objectives of this paper are to identify the two categories of legal norms applicable to public utilities in the Community, as well as the modalities for regulating legal relations between public utility operators and users of these services, based on the analysis of legal texts, doctrine and jurisprudence.

This paper portrays relevant information about different aspects in maritime insurance with its history and we also emphasize on the principle of utmost good faith which is a very important principle that has to be noticed when making an insurance contract. We also refer to different types of maritime insurance policies offered by maritime insurance companies, as well as the P&I Club, together with their benefits. The different type of average and the maritime insurance Premium, and also Express Warranties are other topics which our work deals with. This analysis is based on qualitative methods and is addressed both to the specialist in this field and, also, to students and researchers which might be interested in. The aim of this research is to bring into attention this important problem of insurance – in any situation of life and, especially, in this area of the maritime activity. Our conclusion is that maritime insurance helps to spread risk and also makes provision for the share of losses as seen in the function of general average and it also indemnifies the assured of their losses or damages accordingly.

The right of the parties to be present at the hearings and to be informed, even though there have been ongoing complaints before the European Court of Human Rights, for violations of Article 6 of the Convention, recent years continue to refer to court cases whose decisions are found to be irregular according to the procedure and states are fined with high financial costs. There is therefore a need to remind the obligation that the national authorities have to comply with these decisions and not to be repeated in the future. In support of this purpose, several issues of the Constitutional Court in Albania and ECHR decisions are addressed. The number of cases is growing year after year. As a result, we understand that remains the main duty and responsibility of the judicial authorities in the de facto implementation of the right to participate in trial and information of court proceedings. While a person should recognize this right and make use of the means made available by the right to exercise it. It is interesting to show the current situation in which Albania confronts the Convention and the ECtHR. We have we have over 50 cases so far adjudicated at the European Court of Human Rights, with the Albanian State party, subject to the violation of Article 6 of the Convention.

Globalization has been developing since 1980 and it was an important reason of some changings and development in not only world economy, but also our daily life. There are some reasons affected on the development of globalization. Economic and social issues and political movements happened in the world in recent years were one of the essential factors of re-actualization of globalization and integration. Before starting to analyze the association between globalization and countries economies, implementation, regulation and supervision of Globalization in a country and world should be considered.

Although present in the banking business for several years, ROBOR has recently become a much discussed and disputed problem in the Romanian economic life. Even if - just recently, after many disputes, it was replaced, we try to clear the situation. What is and what is the use of this banking tool that influences financial activity and influences the lives of many of us? This paper intends to clarify – at least partly – the importance and the main aspects of this banking instruments that lately became a true, “thumbscrew” for the Romanian financial system. Thus, this research is meant to be an essayistic approach of this controversial matter, which has much influenced the economic and social scene in our country. The study refers to the functioning mechanism ROBID-ROBOR, to the reasons of which the interest rates are related to ROBOR, and tries to answer to the question like - what are the factors that influence the evolution of ROBOR, and how this bank index influences bank rates. Our study is addressing both to specialists, and also to the students and researchers which might be interested in this matter. It is a quantitative and qualitative approach of the subject meant to be useful for anyone would read it.

As holder of the Presidency of the Council of the EU, Romania will act as a true impartial mediator to generate solutions in view of advancing the European agenda. During its presidency of the Council of the European Union, Romania will act in a coordinated manner within the Trio of Presidencies along with Finland and Croatia, while ensuring continuity with the previous Trio in achieving the goals undertaken within the Strategic Agenda. Romania’s taking charge of the Presidency of the Council of the European Union comes with a series of obligations for our country as regards the coordination of European actions to protect the environment, the Romanian Presidency having as its main objective the European citizens as both source and beneficiary of the European action, with their own aspirations and concerns; Romania is aware of its status of a transition presidency between two parliamentary terms, during which complex files will be discussed.

The fact that the private property is one of the fundamental landmarks of mankind cannot be denied, as any physical or juridical entity can coordinate its activities without taking into account its relation to the goods, neither can it function in the absence of the right to property. The juridical relationship between the goods and the way they became the property of the churches by getting into their heritage represents an issue more and more analyzed within the field of the right to property. Although, at first sight, the juridical condition that we mentioned should not raise any difficulty of interpretation and putting into practice, especially within the context where the institution of property also benefits of a new civil approach, the way go36ods become the property of the churches is contested within the context of existence of certain opposite provisions that derogate from the norms of the essential civil right. We shall analyses certain statutory and legal provisions that impact only the ecclesiastic field by putting them into relation to the constitutional principles and those of the civil right that regard the right to property. Moreover, the issue was also presented to the court as an exception of no constitutionality. By intending to identify the characteristics of the laws that we mentioned above, we shall analyses and correlate the situations generated by their interpretation, by also expressing a personal point of view regarding the necessity of the harmonization of the civil law with the canonical law.

Romania’s accession to the European Union has opened new horizons for our country from the perspective of recovering the economic gaps that exist between us and the Member States. The 12 years have meant a lot of work, representing an effort made by both the governors and the direct beneficiaries. The absorption capacity of the European funds has gradually increased from one year to the next between 2007 and 2015. Thus, for example, in terms of the total amounts received from the EU budget the differences from one year to another are significant: 417.02 million euro in 2007; 641.92 million euro in 2008; 909.12 million euro in 2009, 505.73 million euro in 2010, reaching 2884.47 million euro in 2013, 3536.81 million euro in 2014, 2591.36 million euro in 2015 and 3663.96 million euro in 20162. The question that arises is whether or not this money has contributed decisively to diminishing the gaps between Romania and the countries of the western European Union. The irregularities detected by the Managing Authorities and the Audit Authority in the procurement procedures carried out within the projects financed by these funds only confirm that this money has not always been directed where it is needed.

The European construction at the level of establishing an economic, political, social and cultural unity between its constituent states and those which are to complete it,represent the ultimate vision of a united and solid Europe, designed to generate welfare and security for all its members. Our approach attempts to reveal the functionality and substance of the Union's enlargement objectives in the area, generically called the Western Balkans. These goals, which have recently been translated into a strategy, will be achieved in 2025 for Serbia and Montenegro and for the other countries in a more distant future. Obviously, the European Union is not the only geopolitical player in the area and, certainly, the proposed objectives are directly or indirectly linked to Russia's regional geopolitical strategy. Thus, we show that in this enlargement process we are already in the collision phase of the two macrostates, the European Union and Russia, state entities which have so far prepared strategies of influence and have also undertaken approaches of strategic anchoring in the Balkan region. The present paper focuses on the geopolitics of the two powers, which is already in progress and produces effects in the Balkan bloc. Given that the Balkan bloc is more a strategic security area than an economic pulse, the centering of the two forces will materialize according to the interests of security and socio-political stability. It is to bementioned that the European Union will usually bet on the strengths of the six Balkan bloc states and Russia on their weaknesses, even more, on the Union's cumbersome response mechanism. If Serbia and Montenegro have a horizon in 2025, Northern Macedonia, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo will remain in this dispute for a longer period of time.

The right to protest is fundamental to the health of a democratic thinking. It represents one of the way of expressing the freedom of thought, manifestation, and association. In Romania, the recent events regarding the protest actions, mostly against the political class, have been characterized by a series of distinct features compared to the traditional movements: the transformation of the cyber space into a public space of contestation, the use of social networks for organizing and mobilizing the persons involved in such actions called spontaneous, the absence of an assumed leadership - all these characteristics has established that this constitutional right to protest, recognized since the Antiquity, was exercised on the fringe of lawThis right represents one of the legal instruments by which the citizens can transmit to authorities their disagreement about their actions or interests.

The Romanian forensic legislation is currently one of the most coherent within the European Union. There are, however, issues where regulations have changed and Law 271/2004 no longer responds to all challenges: new RCA law no. 132/2017, provides some unsuspecting issues in forensic legislation. Thus, there are no general criteria for the unitary evaluation of physical injury, and the major problems of mental/psychological injury assessment lie primarily in the lack of ways to confirm on its forensic criteria or to quantify its gravity. Changing the current legislation, introducing a specialized criterion which combine the principles of forensic activity and psychological assessment, is a priority in the field of compensation for victims of aggression and road traffic accidents. Of particular interest would be a scientific evaluation of the psychological damage caused by medical malpractice, even if the courts have customary assumed the role of fixing the amounts in question.

This study investigated the determinants of rail passengers transport usage. Descriptive analysis in the form of Pearson-chi square and inferential analysis using probit regression were used in this study for data analysis. The study used closed-ended questionnaires and they were distributed to 100 people. The results of the study revealed that level of income, occupation, level of education, safety, and affordability are the common factors that influence the usage of trains for transport. The frequency of usage based on income was about 44%, with about 55% of people indicating they make use of trains because they find it a safe mode transport. The income level, safety, occupation and affordability were statistically insignificant. The level of education had a high frequency at 74% and it was statistically signifacant.004. The second part of the study assessed the incidence of train usage and results revealed that most of people (about 74%) travel by train daily. The policy recommendation from this study is that efforts should made to improve the rail transport services, like the facilities, speed and the time schedule. This study will contribute to generation of knowledge around these issues.

There is a hidden power inside us that helps us overcome all the obstacles. We just have to learn to get that unmanned power and energy out. We can do it through body discipline, breathing, senses, concentration and meditation. When breathing wanders so does happen with the mind, when the breath is quiet, so is the mind. To reduce stress, breath control is the most relevant tool to calm the mind. When we are scared or nervous, breathing is shallow, fast and irregular, when we are relaxed or in a deep state of thinking, breathing becomes slow. Since our state of mind reflects in this way, it results that we can also control our mood. By regulating breathing, not only increases oxygen intake but prepares us for exercising concentration and meditation.

The article examines the link between minimizing production costs and maximizing profits. We will analyze the phenomenon of demographics and poverty for developing countries and regions of the World for developing countries and regions of the World for each of the developing countries or regions of the World. The source of the statistical data present in the analysis is the World Bank, all the indicators and regression models being the contribution of the authors.

A united Europe is the sum up of how different regions live together and find common perspectives. This does not fit only as a political, social or philosophical idea, but since the creation of the European Union, regional development remains one of the most important cornerstones of the institutions of EU. Different legislative acts of EU institutions refer something in specific about regions policy, regional development etc, but since 1994 the issue of the regions in Europe has been treated throughout a specific institution: European Committee of the Regions. On the other hand, the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities, Council of Europe is established to make sure that the principles of the European Charter of Local Self-Government are observed through systematic monitoring and regular dialogue with the governments of the Council of Europe member states. Member states of European Union are also member states of Council of Europe. This paperwork aims to: Find concrete impact of European institutions on local and regional reality in Europe; Analyze the work of European Committee of the Regions throughout concrete examples for the regional development; Propose concrete policies or legislative changes on how European Committee of the Regions (CoR) can develop productive agreement with other institutions that can strengthen regional cooperation and further development in EU. This approach would realize a new perspective on managing the point of view of the researchers, but also to give some important recommendations on how EU institutions, specifically CoR can properly behave with each other in order to help on regional development.

Fluctuations and changes in economic power poles, past financial crises, but also signs of new recession periods, rising capital, multiplying variables and cause-effect factors outline the current economic environment. As an important part of digital transformation, the influence of artificial intelligence in the process of managerial accounting represent the future of taking the best decisions in organizations. The aim of the present study is to explore digital transformation frontiers using the lens of cyber accounting that will help leaders to increase the organizational performance through a clear vision of economic implications of their decisions. The current research contributes both managerial accounting and digital transformation fields by cross-exploring each phenomenon and revealing how digital transformation shape the nature of cyberaccounting as a collaborative research area.

The differences of opinion between the Romanian government and the Soviet representatives from the Allied (Soviet) Control Commission would highlight the mistrust of both parties in the possibility of solving the problems deriving from their own application and interpretation of the Armistice Convention text.

The idea of setting up a European Public Prosecutor’s Office (EPPO) is old and has its foundation in the interest of the European institutions to protect their budgets, both in the pre-accession and post-accession phase. In the interest of protecting financial interests in particular, there was wanted a regulatory framework in criminal matters to generate results. The solution found at Community level, despite complaints from some Member States over the violation of the principle of national sovereignty, was this EPPO institution capable of investigating, judging and prosecuting offenses against the EU budget, such as fraud, corruption or serious cross-border VAT fraud. In Romania, the debate on this issue did not address issues of sovereignty, or elements related to the nature of the institution's appearance, its necessity, or how it will work at the level of the signatory, non-statutory or non-EU. In our country the discussion has reduced to who will lead the respective European body, the views being obviously shared. What the public opinion in Romania ignores is the fact that man does not make the institution, but the institution makes the man. Given these exaggerations on one side and the other at national level, which have not brought any concrete contribution to the development of a European instrument, I consider as necessary a cold analysis of this institution and its implications for the Member States and Europe overall.

In Romania, the focus is on environmental issues related to the threat of infringement proceedings for environmental deficiencies. As a result, companies are looking for specialists prepared to deal with environmental issues or want to improve their own staff. It is also necessary to increase the awareness of the population for the selective collection of waste. In order to set up a firm in this area, managers can adapt the solution to develop a business plan to obtain start-up financing, respecting the Financier's Guide. The newly established company addresses the segment of the market that includes companies with productive activities and which, by nature of the activity, also generates waste. Also, courses can be organized for the general public to get acquainted with the correct way of collecting waste. The research method consisted of applying an age group questionnaire to determine the interest in the type of services offered. On the basis of this survey, it is timely to request a service to contribute to the training of the specialized personnel responsible for environmental protection and environmental monitoring. The service is aimed especially at people who want to know how to manage environmental issues in a company. The service also addresses people who want to develop their environmental protection skills to get new job opportunities. Courses can also be addressed to the general public to familiarize themselves with the correct way of collecting waste.

The science of human rights is influenced by the other social sciences because the areas taken into consideration were and are in contact with other areas belonging to other disciplines, and they are not few in number. Thus, the chains of interference between disciplines have a high frequency. In our times, we are witnessing a continuous fragmentation of the social sciences in specialisations more or less narrow. Human rights are initially studied in parallel with two or more disciplines. Gradually, a new field was institutionalised, which, by emancipation, was recognised as independent. It has rightly been said that the history of science is the history of the multiplication and diversification of subdisciplines, which, by maturing, were recognised as disciplines. This is the case for the science of human rights. The field of human rights was created by successive contributions arising from researching the great principles in the field, of the normative provisions, of the institutions. However, as any other theoretical, pure and applied science, the science of human rights has progressed through the alternation of periods of brightness and others of obscurity.

This article focuses on the study of relations among political parties, their actions directed to fulfilling the EU integration political criteria and voters’ trust. Under Albanian conditions, it is supposed that voters’ trust is not an important/influencing factor for the Albanian political parties towards their attitude to the EU integration. The analysis is generally based on primary data of ESS, CHES, Balkan Public Barometer and empiric Albanian surveys. Albanian political parties result to be politically polarized, possess strong leaders, have conflicts among them (even resulting in parliament boycotts), etc. The voters’ trust in political parties per se is in low level. The factors taken into consideration tend mostly to explain the thesis confirmation. Consequently, the voter trust into political parties’ fallout to be a determinant for the political party’s action and attitude, toward the European Integration. Although it is a factor of slowing down the level of belief of the Albanian citizens that Albania will enter the EU soon, resulting not so positive for this country to integrate in a bigger politically and economically government.

The entity perspective to achieve and maintain sustainability performance imposes and forces the entity's leadership to synchronize managerial decisions with financial-accounting statements as well as industry predictability reports. This is about increasing the global level of an individual to increasing competitiveness by integrating sustainable innovation and defining by each economic entity what practitioners call the 2030 Purpose. The aim of the present study is to explore new approaches to performance emerging at the strategic level resulting from the interrelation of the economic plan with the managerial plan required to occur at the most profound level: core of the business. The results of this study show the need of framework to integrate an entity's sustainability and economic and financial analysis into strategy, governance and risk assessment, performance management and organizational culture.

Labor law is one of the most important issues of law both national and international level. In this study we will examine the area of labor law and social security labor law by profiling the study of this field in the segment of socio- professional protection and integration of people with disabilities at national level. The economic changes as well as the social changes that have occurred in our country during the last years had a significant impact over the population, especially among people with disabilities. In order to reduce the impact of economic fluctuations over the people with disabilities, the Romanian authorities complied to the international requirements and actively promotes social policies to ensure the integration of the disadvantaged people in the community and preventing the emergence of social barriers that restrict the implication of the affected people to social life. The implication of Romanian state in the socio- professional insertion of disadvantaged people can be considered a preventive form of social protection designed to avoid social initiation as well as avoiding the complete disruption of social relations between societies and people with disabilities.

Violent crime or crime of violence are illicit antisocial actions involving the use of force or constraint in order to obtain the illicit result, respectively, in order to suppress the life of the person, damage his integrity, or create material or moral damages (murder, battery or injuries resulting in death, bodily injury, robbery, etc.). The paper focuses on presenting multiple ways of influencing the severity of some crimes committed through various forms of violence.

In the present study, we have investigated the sealing breaking in the light of the new regulations brought in with the entry into force of the new Criminal Code. Thus, we have examined the elements of the offense, the constitutive content, with direct reference to the judicial practice in the field and the recent doctrine. The novelties consist in examining the pre-existing elements of the offense, its constitutive content, as well as the legislative precedents in the Romanian law, which we have insisted on highlighting, the consistency of the Romanian legislator over time for the incrimination of this deed. The present work is part of a complex work to be published at a publishing house recognized in the field. The work may be useful to both theoreticians (academics, PhD students, master students, and students) as well as to the practitioners of criminal law.

Among the important changes brought about by the early years of the interwar period in the life of the woman was the fact that she, the woman, was no longer regarded as the “weak” half of man, as it had been before, but the “beautiful” half. Another feature of the interwar era is that beauty is no longer old. The desire of the interwar woman, regardless of her social status or her age, of being always beautiful was explained by the fact that a beautiful woman was easier to find a job or get into the business world. For some journalists, lipstick and last fashion clothes were specific to women of mild morals. Most of the texts used for this paper were published in the years between the two world wars.