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The evolution of participatory interview formats that appeared from 2015 to 2020 in the leading digital newspapers in Spain (El pa's, El mundo, ABC, AS, El diario.es, and El confidencial), as well as Facebook live because it is a new channel for content distribution via social networks, is analyzed. The content of a sample of more than 300 digital interviews was analyzed, considering the narrative scheme between the interviewee and interviewer, the style that the new format acquires on the Internet, the level of audience participation, and the interconnection of the interviewee with the audience/ reader. The levels of interaction and reaction of the audiences were analyzed, as well as the possibility of a new type of journalistic storytelling with different levels of interaction that seeks to achieve audience participation, allowing them to feel part of the dialogue, and to expand other possibilities for participation with the interview. This new format encourages online media to evolve towards more dialogic spaces with their audiences using textual, graphic, or auditory language to build a narrative story that fuels curiosity and arouses interest in participation by the audience/reader. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The regular paper publications sector has implemented significant business model transformations to embrace digitalization, with the press being the most affected of all. This has contributed not only to the migration of traditional mastheads to a digital format, in search of a hybridization process, but also to the development of new digital brands. In these circumstances, credibility emerges as a critical factor to consider when selecting sources of information. Along these lines and with regards to the online press, two research objectives arise: to analyze which factors can influence, and which factors are influenced by, the credibility of an online masthead. The methodology used in this study is based on quantitative research using surveys conducted with university students and structural equation modeling. The main conclusions demonstrate that coverage is the main variable in terms of generating credibility and that this also contributes to reader perception regarding greater confidence, accuracy, and sympathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of new online media over the last decade has enabled the creation of innovative models focused on discovering mixed financing formulas, new information proposals, and the defense of democratic values, resulting in more plural and reader-oriented journalism. However, unlike in the past with newspapers, this new digital press currently plays little role in universities. To determine the causes of this low prominence of digital newspapers in university libraries, we study the presence of the ten most widely read digital native newspapers in Spain (El español, El confidencial, Ok diario, Economía digital, Eldiario.es, Huffington post, Periodista digital, Publico.es, Vozpópuli, and Libertad digital) according to the reference metrics of the Comscore digital audiences in the 260 educational centers included in the Web Ranking of Universities produced by the Cybermetrics Lab of the Institute of Public Goods and Policies (IPP) of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC). The results show that only seven universities (Autonomous University of Barcelona, University of Granada, University of Seville, University of the Basque Country, Carlos III University of Madrid, Camilo José Cela University, and Pontifical University of Salamanca) provide professors and students with access to current and retrospective content of all these media practically since their foundation. Finally, several reasons that condition the limited presence of digital press in the academic world are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the information coverage by the Spanish newspapers El país, El mundo, ABC, and La vanguardia in Twitter on the electoral campaign prior to the 10 November 2019 general elections. A content analysis of all tweets published by these media regarding the elections (n = 1,462) between Friday 1 and Saturday 9 November reveals that, although there are differences in the production patterns and features of the messages, the subject received notable attention in all the newspapers. The coverage gravitated around two main themes: the 4N electoral debate, and campaign events. The results reveal that, although most of the tweets had a neutral tone, messages with clear positioning corresponding to the editorial line of the newspaper were also published, albeit to a lesser extent. During the electoral period, the media agenda revolved around this issue, accounting for around one-fifth of all pieces published on Twitter. Newspapers do not take advantage of the dialogic nature or possibilities offered by this social network to create a community among their readers, limiting themselves to the dissemination of content from their digital edition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the news on Covid-19 and 2019-nCoV in the Spanish media. This is done by using news retrieved from My news database. The analysis includes the total amount of news in Spanish media by type of media; the evolution of the publication in digital media considering various periods of time, and the volume of news in the most used Spanish digital media. The results show that digital media are the most used among other types to publish on the topic, with a significant increase since the beginning of the alarm state. In this sense, some arguments on the function and utility of this type of media during the confinement are exposed. Also, the essential role of digital media covering the population’s information needs is discussed. The digital media with the largest number publications are abc.es, 20minutos. es, and elconfidencial.com. The value of this work is that it can serve as starting point for others in order to carry out content analysis on the subject considering different channels and digital media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mediatization of political scandals has become a common phenomenon in the most diverse political systems. However, we know little about how the media frame this information. To answer this question, we have developed a descriptive study on a series of recent political scandals denounced in the Chilean press. Taking as a temporary framework the news published between 2014 and 2016, we analyzed the total information (n=10011) published by a sample of eleven national media, on seven political scandals that occurred during the period. We have used the QDAMiner-Wordstat program to detect frame terms, from which we have been able to identify two large frames: one referring to the "Judicialization of cases" and the other referred to the "Attribution of responsibilities". The results are presented and discussed, examining some implications of the exercise for the understanding of the political scandals themselves and the way in which the Chilean periodic press presents and disseminates them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The consumption of news has become a social experience. In this scenario, we set out to answer the following question: What are Spanish journalists talking about on Twitter? This work studies what type of content they emit on Twitter to establish if the link between these professionals and the mass media or with the cybermedia influences the thematic orientation of their tweet. The study has worked with three samples (a sample of covers of five newspapers of reference of Spain, a sample of ten accounts of Twitter corresponding to journalists from mass communication media and a sample of ten accounts of cyberjournalists). The two-year research has analyzed 3.500 tweets based on a classification system of registration units made up of 35 thematic categories. The study concludes, among other aspects, that politics (national and international) is the great theme of Twitter along with a growing concern for jihadist terrorism and issues of the Ibero- American context over Europe. The work also warns of the existence of thematic gaps in certain areas (such as society, culture, art or science). In addition, an increasing tendency of the use of the platform for the purpose of self-promotion by journalists is detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Newspapers publish advertisements, by word count, that include ads for sexual encounters. In recent years the presence of these ads in the newspapers of Sevilla (Spain) have declined, in spite of a lack of ethical codes and government legislation that could completely prevent their publication. Respect for women's human rights, the fight against trafficking, and the exploitation of women means that this practice must disappear, despite the lost income for the journalistic enterprise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to evaluate how the Spanish digital press deals with information related to homeopathy. To carry out the research, a content analysis of the stories published on homeopathy was developed between January 1st, 2012 and December 31st, 2016 in the three most read digital Spanish newspapers: elmundo.es, elpais.com and abc.es. The search retrieved 115 articles. The results reveal that the piece of news is the most used informative genre, prevailing the focus of controversy and conflict as the main framework. The informative value of the impact is placed before the analysis of the phenomenon and its health risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the coverage of WAGs (wives and girlfriends of sportsmen) in online sports-media by analyzing 418 articles published in four major online sports' newspapers in Spain: Marca, As, Mundo deportivo, and Sport. A content analysis was used to create a card of analysis with ten fields. Thus, the paper analyzes the evolution of this phenomenon between 2000 and 2015; the sections, sport, type, and extension of such news; authorship, headlines, main theme, and information linked to negative facts about them; and the role played by women. Results show a significant increase in news coverage about WAGs in all newspapers. The coverage is mainly short news stories with abundant images; located in entertainment sections; associated with beauty, motherhood, male dependence, and subordination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thirteen redesigns of the top five Spanish daily newspapers (general information) during the 21st century (ABC, El país, El mundo del siglo XXI, La vanguardia, and 20 minutos) are analyzed. We try to establish the possible relationship between the crisis of print journalism and changes in design. Trends found are classified into 17 categories of changes. The results are surprising: One redesign occurs every 15 months; some newspapers only wait two years to introduce modifications; elements as sensitive as the header are affected in 62% of the cases; and redesigns of other newspapers do not seem to influence each other. Unlike what one might expect, design is not always used as a sales promotion strategy. Starting in 2008, redesigns did not boost sales. The highest frequency of changes has occurred since 2008, the year the global economic crisis began. The research is of a descriptive type (non-experimental, case study, longitudinal, and comparative design), although it suggests possible relationships among variables that should be checked with combined techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of two correlative empiric studies in which the author analyzes the role that advertising had in creating new forms of press in the late 20th century -free printed press and online press- and how these related to elements of journalistic design. The first study confirmed the central role that advertising has had in the creation of the free printed press and online press. The second study showed that both types of press have used journalistic elements in a similar way, by integrating the advertising component in page design. This research shows up the change it is happening in the press in relation to unpaid contents, with a clear bet to advertising content as opposed to news and its implications to the advertising sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immigration and its regulation are key issues in society and, as such, are subject to political discourses that show the arguments of the different social actors, especially political parties. Press is one of the main mechanisms used by these social actors to show such discourses. Hence, this paper analyzes how six Spanish newspapers presented the political discourses on the Foreigners law, as the main legal-political instrument to manage immigration, from 2003 to 2016, as well as the position of the political parties that were the main sources of discourse. To achieve this, we worked with the Zapata-Barrero model, which categorizes political discourses on immigration into two types: pro-active discourses and re-active discourses, which shows their preference for managing multiculturalism as a challenge or a problem, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the situation of the archive departments in 14 of the Andalusian local newspapers. The aim is to update a similar study entitled "Situation of archive services in the daily press of Andalusia" (Aquesolo-Vegas, 1996) in which an analysis of these departments was performed for seven newspapers. This work studies, adapts, and extends the methodology of the above cited study to know how the situation has evolved since 1996. To that end, this field study is based on questionnaires sent to 16 Andalusian newspapers, two per province; 14 of which were completed. Aspects such as tasks, staff, facilities, and equipment are analyzed. The results show a technological restructuring, and also a reduction, or even the disappearance, of these services, due to the economic downturn. Therefore, journalists must now search for documents by themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Newspaper companies have extended their brands through new media. Brand equity is their main competitive advantage. However, most of them do not manage that asset. On the one hand, this article analyses the literature on brand management in media companies. On the other hand, it studies the brand equity of a very reputable newspaper: La vanguardia. We did an extensive survey of nearly 1,200 users. The results show the need for products and corporate behaviour that clearly reflect the editorial principles in order to generate greater brand equity. This article proposes as one of the appropriate means to achieve brand equity the implementation of a comprehensive and strategic communication system. It also encourages the study of other similar cases to verify how newspaper companies manage the value of their brands and to identify methods to help them strengthen it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

User-generated content management poses a challenge to the media. It requires professional handling in order to facilitate user engagement and avoid verbal aggression. To illustrate this point, the article examines the comments posted to the online edition of Marca, the major Spanish sports newspaper. Empirical assessments of the data alongside interviews with the people in charge of the service were utilized. The analysis of the automatic filters, the Moderation Technology Platform (MTP), as well as the human filters comprehensively shows the itinerary through the system of every posted message. The study reflects on the best strategies to improve the quality of the online discussion. Results: The user history and the vocabulary blacklist seem to be the fundamental tools for moderating user comments. Marca removes 40% of the comments received. In practice, it has been observed that the percentage of inappropriate posts increases with the total number of posts sent by each reader: for 2 posts the rejection rate may be 14%, but for 9 it can reach 33%. One key issue to improve the quality of comments is the involvement of journalists in the conversations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article begins by providing an overview of the use of external digital information resources in press documentation centres. Secondly, the results of a survey concerning the external commercial digital resources available to the principal Spanish media are presented and discussed. Finally each information resource is briefly analysed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]