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This article investigates the required modifications to droop control design for optimum operation of Multi-Terminal High-Voltage Direct Current (MTHVDC) systems during line and converter outages. A typical 6-bus MTHVDC system is used in this study. Different scenarios are considered during the design process such as different outage types, violation of power ratings of system components, and variability of wind power injected into the system. A variable droop control gains technique is proposed to ensure minimum power loss and maximum annual energy collection. The study is extended to investigate the effect of employing constant droop control gains calculated during rated conditions on the system performance. Moreover, the results of the constant and the proposed variable droop gain schemes are compared. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed techniques for designing optimum droop gains during abnormal conditions. Additionally, general guidelines are presented for the implementation of the proposed techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper a Four-Arm Three-Phase MMC (4A-TPMMC)-based DC–AC converter is proposed. The proposed converter generates a three-phase output voltage using a lower number of components, which reduces the converter complexity and cost. The concept of the proposed approach is presented in this paper. A comparison between the conventional Six-Arm Three-Phase MMC (6A-TPMMC) and the proposed 4A-TPMMC is conducted. Two simulation models are built, one for the 6A-TPMMC, and the other for the proposed 4A-TPMMC. The simulations are carried out for the same number of submodules per arm and the same AC output voltage magnitude. Moreover, a case study using the proposed 4A-TPMMC, as a three-phase medium voltage motor drive, is considered. Finally, an experimental validation for the proposed 4A-TPMMC is presented to prove the viability of the claimed contributions. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]