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• Protective relaying scheme for long transmission line. • Fault detection using positive sequence admittance of two-ends of the line. • Segregation of internal and external fault. • Localization of internal fault using positive sequence fault components. In this paper, a novel integrated approach of protective relaying methodology has been adopted for detecting faults and its location estimation in long transmission line. First, the detection algorithm has been formulated using positive sequence admittance. Subsequently, fault location algorithm has been developed using positive sequence voltage and current phasors. The proposed algorithms have been implemented on a 50 Hz, 400 kV single-circuit transmission line in MATLAB environment. A wide range of diversified and challenging cases have been simulated to test the reliability of this scheme. The results confirm the preciseness of the algorithm, as it can produce accurate results under stressed conditions, viz. high impedance fault (HIF), current transformer (CT) saturation/ capacitive voltage transformer (CVT) transient, close-in faults, swing condition, source strength variation, etc. Moreover, this scheme has also been successfully tested in series-compensated and double-circuit transmission line, which brings out the superiority of this scheme. The comparative analysis with recent protective relaying techniques institutes the potentiality and robustness of the scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]