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The Wind Farms (WFs) are located far away from the load centres, with the resultant equivalent reactance being more than near the load. It results in a weak grid due to high power transferred in the transmission lines that affect the low frequency of oscillations, and the system exists with undamped functions. The transmission line has to be compensated to transmit wind power effectively. The Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) connects WF and the load centre. This work demonstrates a Power Oscillation Damper (POD) to WFs and SSSC for transmission lines and their combination. The eigenvalue of the damping ratio and frequency of oscillations are considered objective functions for particle swarm optimization and formulated based on stability to optimize the controller parameter for improving stability. The coordination between the POD and SSSC has been conducted using a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) to further enhance system performance. The small signal and transient stability examinations use eigenvalue analysis and time-domain simulation. It is analysed by varying the length (km) of the transmission line between the WF and the load centre, along with variation in wind penetration. The study observed that small signal stability damped the oscillatory modes most effectively. It is also revealed that the controller's combination with FLC intensifies the capability under extreme disturbances and detects an improvement in the system's transient stability. The proposed approaches' effectiveness is evaluated on an IEEE-11 bus two-area test system with optimized controller gain parameters and controller coordinated FLC through a Real-Time Digital Simulator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a wind farm, the grounding circuit is a complex electrical system made up of several interconnected groundings. Its role is very important for the protection of the electrical equipment during a direct lightning strike. To contribute to the optimization of the conception of this complex grounding system in his real configuration (wind turbine towers, grounding grids, and several hundred meters of buried conductor wires ...), we propose in this paper a realistic modeling. Realistic because, to model in all rigors using an electromagnetic field formalism a problem of propagation of electromagnetic transients in electrical device of large geometrical dimensions where the main environment (soil) is not homogeneous does not bring an appreciable advantage and consumes a very high calculation time. Also, the ideal for the engineer is to have a model that is easy to understand, accessible in its theory and obviously preserving the accuracy of the results and with very low computation time. In this work, to study the lightning surges in a wind farm, mainly to know the Ground Potential Rise and the distribution of the currents in the conductors, we use a modeling based on the transmission line equations. Our modeling is carried out by considering the effect of the frequency on the electrical characteristics (resistivity and dielectric permittivity) of the soil; the results we obtain are without loss of precision and with a very short calculation time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]