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A four-way wideband power divider using hybrid HMSIW and a microstrip line is presented. The input signal through the Wilkinson power divider is, respectively, fed into two wideband HMSIW power dividers to achieve a four-way power divider. Two multimode SIR resonators are loaded at both sides of the input microstrip line to improve the frequency selectivity. The resistive slot on the bottom layer is employed to obtain good output isolation without an increase in circuit size. This four-way power divider is designed, fabricated, and measured. The measured 10 dB return loss range from 3.8 to 6.14 GHz (fractional bandwidth of 47.1%), and the suppression of upper stopband is greater than 16 dB from 6.7 to 9 GHz. All measured results show reasonable agreement with the simulated ones.

Two novel compact quasi-planar four-way high isolation power dividers are presented in this paper. The two-layer coplanar waveguide–microstrip transition structure is used to imply the isolation circuit. The equivalent circuit is given to analyze the proposed power divider. To further improve the isolation performance and output impedance matching, the capacitance compensation technology is analyzed and used to design the power divider. The measured results of the two four-way power dividers (without and with the compensating capacitance) agree with the simulated ones closely. The measured results indicate that the proposed power dividers have a low insertion loss, excellent impedance matching at all ports, good amplitude and phase balance at the output ports, and high isolation among the output ports. Moreover, the power divider with compensating capacitance demonstrates a great improvement of isolation performance and output impedance matching.

A novel four-way X-band slotted-substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) power divider using an identical slot-coupling structure has been proposed in this article. The proposed power divider was realized by using an identical transition between a resonant slotted SIW and output microstrip lines, and four identical rectangular coupling slots were employed to achieve good impedance matching and equal signal transmission. The proposed power divider is designed, fabricated, and measured. The measured results show a reasonable agreement with the simulated ones and the advantages of its low profile, efficient heat sinking, as well as its potential for high power-combining efficiency.

A compact three-layer circuit structure based on the double-sided parallel-strip lines (DSPSLs) is proposed in this article to design an out-of-phase power divider (PD) with miniaturized isolation ...

A planar microstrip circuit is proposed in this article to design a dual-band balanced-to-unbalanced out-of-phase power divider with inherent impedance transformation. This balanced-to-unbalanced power divider, which essentially consists of two pairs of cascaded coupled lines, two dual-band 90° phase shifters, and a grounded resistor, features the dual-band application with inherent impedance transformation, the equal power division with out of phase, high isolation between two outputs, good ports (A, 3, and 4) matching, and high common-mode noise suppression as well as the excellent conversion inhibition between the differential-mode signals and the common-mode noise. The closed-form solutions are obtained by using the traditional odd- and even-mode analytical methods. Finally, a practical microstrip balanced-to-unbalanced power divider, which operates at 0.9 GHz and 1.8 GHz, is designed and fabricated. The simulated and measured results verify the correctness of the circuit and the design theory.

A compact power divider integrated filtering response with high isolation and high frequency selectivity is presented in this article. The four short-circuited-loaded quarter-wavelength resonators are employed to construct the presented compact power divider. The presented divider can be viewed as an integration of a second-order dual-mode bandpass filter and the quasi-Wilkinson power divider. In order to improve the frequency selectivity of passband, the cross-coupling circuits between input port and output ports are used. A power divider with bandpass-filtering response is designed, fabricated, and measured. The operating central frequency of the fabricated power divider is at 2.43 GHz. The measured 3-dB insertion loss bandwidth is about 180 MHz and the measured minimum insertion loss is about 0.85 dB. The measured isolation between the output ports is around 30 dB.

A high-power five-way power divider/combiner utilizing strip-line architecture in the X-band is proposed. In this work, broadband non-uniform strip-line couplers are connected in a tree structure. A power-handling capability of 100 watts is verified by full-wave electromagnetic simulation. The simulation results indicate that the power divider/combiner exhibits a good amplitude, phase balance characteristics, and isolation between output ports, as well as a return loss at input and output ports better than 12 dB, while insertion loss is about 1.1 dB. A prototype of the power divider/combiner is fabricated and also measured. The measured results show very good agreement with those obtained by simulation.

A novel dual-band out-of-phase power divider with inherent impedance transformation and high power-handling capability is presented in this article. This proposed power divider essentially consists of four sections of double-sided parallel striplines for the signal transmission, an inserted middle conductor plane as the common ground, and two resistors to improve the isolation between two outputs. Closed-form design equations are derived based on the conventional even- and odd-mode analytical methods and the transmission-line theory. Finally, a practical three-layer out-of-phase power divider is designed and fabricated. The experimental results show that good ports matching, excellent isolation between two outputs, and out-of-phase performance are simultaneously achieved at both 1 and 2.6 GHz.

By shunting a susceptance at the middle of the branch of a conventional Wilkinson power divider, the size can be reduced and the harmonic components can be suppressed. Further, miniaturization can be achieved by optimal layout of the internal area of the conventional power divider. In this article, simple design methods to implement miniaturized Wilkinson power dividers with harmonic suppressions are presented. To validate the design methodology, two power divider prototypes are optimally designed and examined from electromagnetic simulations and experiments. As compared to conventional types, the circuit sizes of the demonstrators are effectively reduced to 15.6 and 24.98%, respectively, and the spurious suppressions are over 20 dB at the desired harmonic frequencies. Meanwhile, the mechanisms of spurious suppression are studied herein. The achieved performance simply confirms the presented design methodology.

In this article, an ultra-wideband Wilkinson power divider with a controllable notched band has been presented based on the multi-section Wilkinson structure. Analyzed by the even–odd mode method, a triple-stub loaded resonator is embedded in the power divider to introduce a notched band for which the center frequency can be easily adjusted by only one structural parameter. The simulated and measured results show that the return losses of the proposed power divider are better than 10 dB, and its isolation characteristics are larger than 18 dB from 0.1 to 8 GHz regardless of the notched band.

A compact coupled-line circuit is proposed in this article to design a kind of dual-band Gysel power divider (Gysel, 1975). This circuit inherently consists of three pairs of coupled lines, an open stub, two output extension lines, and two grounded isolation resistors. Besides the high power-handling capability, this Gysel power divider features dual-band operating performance, wide frequency ratios, flexible impedance transformation, etc. Using the transmission-line theory and rigorous even- and odd-mode analysis, closed-form solutions for the electrical parameters are obtained. A practical Gysel power divider, which works at 0.92 and 2.45 GHz, simultaneously, is designed and fabricated for radio frequency identification application. Good agreement between the simulated and measured results verify the correctness of the design theory.

In this article, a novel ultra-wideband power divider is presented. To achieve ultra-wideband performance and a sharp roll-off skirt, the parallel coupled lines and a short-circuited line are introduced on each side of the coupled three-line microstrip structure. Through even- and odd-mode analysis, the analytical design equations for this proposed power divider are obtained. A prototype power divider is designed and fabricated to demonstrate the performance of the proposed power divider. The simulated and measured results show that the proposed power divider has achieved the predicted features within the specified 3.1–10.6-GHz ultra-wideband range.

In this article, a new design for an equal and unequal dual-band Gysel power divider with a novel dual-band transformer has been proposed. This transformer is replaced with two conventional quarter-wavelength transmission lines between the isolation resistors. The proposed power divider thus has controllable bandwidth, exactly the same as the conventional Gysel power divider, as well as simple structure, wide frequency band ratio, good isolation and return loss, and high-power handling capability advantages over the Wilkinson power divider.

The purpose of this article is to propose a novel design method for miniaturized tri-band Wilkinson power dividers with independently controllable center frequencies and a simple structure. Different from the traditional circuit of tri-band power dividers using three-section transmission-line transformers, this proposed structure consists of three-section coupled lines and three isolation resistors. Due to flexible even- and odd-mode parameters and inherent small size features of parallel coupled lines, this compact divider not only provides arbitrary tri-band operation but also increases the degrees of freedom in determining isolation performances. Furthermore, the simplified design equations for electrical parameters are obtained, and several ideal examples are demonstrated for initial theoretical verifications. As a remarkable example, a compact microstrip power divider operating at three industrial, scientific, and medical bands, namely, (0.92, 2.45, and 5.8 GHz), is designed, fabricated, and...

This article reports a miniaturized unequal dual-frequency Wilkinson power divider with high suppression and isolation of the intermediate-band signal. To satisfy the requirement of size reduction, arbitrary dual-frequency applications, and unequal power split simultaneously, four compact Pi-structure impedance transformers with symmetric stubs are proposed to replace four conventional quarter-wavelength transmission line transformers employed in the traditional unequal single-band Wilkinson power divider. In addition, the closed-form design equations of all Pi-structure impedance transformers are obtained based on the corresponding analytical solutions, and a single isolation resistor R is used to obtain ideal isolation between two output ports in this proposed miniaturized unequal dual-frequency Wilkinson power divider after rigorous mathematical proof. For verification, simulated and measured results of an unequal (the power-dividing ratio is 3 dB) miniaturized microstrip power divider operati...

A new design method for a dual-band (or dual-frequency) modified Wilkinson power divider with an unequal power dividing ratio is proposed in this article. First, a dual-band transformer with a flexible transmission line stub, which can be fabricated by a shorted-circuit stub or an open-circuit stub, for two arbitrary real impedances is analyzed, and the rigorous design method is obtained. It is necessary to apply the asymmetric structure in all unequal power dividers in order to obtain unequal power dividing; thus, an asymmetric structure, which consists of two equivalent asymmetric dual-band transformers with a parallel transmission line stub in the input matching part, is developed for an unequal dual-band power divider. A resistor is then used in this proposed power divider, as the effective isolation structure to obtain ideal isolation between two output ports while two-section transmission line transformers are applied to match impedances at two output ports. In the synthesis procedure, two ...