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Among the oilseed crops, mustard has gained precedence in the human diet due to its superior oil quality. Genotype × environment interactions have a significant effect on plant breeding because it reduces the stability of the genotypes in diverse environments. In order to assess the impact of environments on genotypes and determine the stable genotypes in terms of seed yield and yield attributing characters in the terai agro-climatic zone, seventy-one Indian mustard genotypes were evaluated during two consecutive years,namely, 2017-18 and 2018-19, focusing on nine quantitative characters across six environments. Eberhart and Russell model (1966) of stability analysis revealed that various genotypes exhibited adaptability to favourable and unfavourable environments for different characters, influenced by the different sowing dates over the two years. However, Rohini (SC) and KMR-15-14 to be well adapted in terai agro-climatic zone in respect to seed yield and plant height, while Pusa mustard 27 (EJ 17) were adapted to specifically favorable (rich) environment for the seed yield. In terms of secondary branches per plant and number of siliquae on branches, Pusa mustard 27 (EJ 17) showed adaptability across all types of environments. Therefore, Rohini (SC) and KMR-15-14 were identified as stable genotypes for optimum seed yield across different environmental conditions.

Combining ability and heterosis was investigated in mustard hybrids obtained from 7 × 7 half diallel cross. Twenty one F1s along with seven parents were evaluated in Randomized Complete Block Design. The combined analysis of variance revealed very significant differences among the parents for all morphological variables with the exception of secondary branches and siliqua length, indicating wide diversity among the parental material used in the present study. Significant GCA and SCA variance indicated additive and non-additive gene action across all the characters. The SCA variance components were larger than the GCA variance components for most traits indicating the prevalence of non-additive gene effects. Jawahar mustard × PM-30, showed a significantly positive SCA and better parent heterosis for seed yield per plant whereas five hybrids (Kranti × PM-30, Gujarat Mustard-3 × Pusa Mahak, Jawahar Mustard × PM-30, Jawahar Mustard × Pusa Mahak and PM-30 × Pusa Mahak) exhibited significant positive SCA effect for number of siliqua/ plant. Jawahar Mustard × PM-30, Varuna×Jawahar Mustard, Gujarat Mustard-3 × PM-30, exhibited highly significant heterosis over the mid-parent.

The present investigation was undertaken to study the residual heterosis in F2 and F3 populations of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.]. The study material included eight parents and the 28 crosses of Indian mustard in two generations, namely F2 and F3. The experiment was conducted over two years at Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, during Rabi season 2020-21 and 2021-22. Out of the 28 crosses, three crosses namely, Npj-194 × DRMR-15-16, Npj-194 × RW- 85-59 (Sarma) and Npj-194 × SKJM-05 were found to show significantly positive residual standard heterosis over the standard variety (SKJM-05) for both the characters siliquae per plant and seed yield per plant. This provides us evidence that by improving siliquae per plant, the character seed yield per plant can be improved. The promising cross populations which have shown significant standard heterosis for seed yield in F2 and F3, can be utilized for the development of hybrid varieties, which would be very much beneficial to the marginal farmers of our country as they would be able to use the F2 and F3 seeds of the hybrid varieties without any compromise with seed yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present experiment, 71 Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) genotypes were evaluated in six environments for two successive years (three environments in each year) to identify the influence of environment over the genotypes and to identify the stable, better-performing genotypes in respect to yield in Terai region of West Bengal. Statistical analysis was carried out to evaluate genotype × environment interaction using two different approaches, namely, additive main effect, and their multiplicative interaction model (AMMI) and genotype plus genotype by environment interaction (GGE) biplot for seed yield of mustard genotypes. AMMI ANOVA showed that genotype and environment accounted for 11.46% and 47.50% of the variation respectively, where GEI captured 36.57% of the variation for seed yield. The AMMI model and GGE biplots showed that genotype RGIN-73 was the highest yielding genotype to a specific environment but DRWR-15-9 was found to be well stable with good yielding in all environments.

Twenty-eight diverse mustard (Brassica juncea L.) genotypes were assessed for genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, trait association and genetic diversity based on 14 yield and its attributing traits during the Rabi 2023 at the Post Graduate Research Farm, School of Agriculture, LPU, Punjab. The study revelled significant differences among the mustard genotypes both in their genotypic and phenotypic level. Significant differences were observed in traits such as number of siliquae per plant, number of siliquae on the main stem, and seed yield per plant. Moreover, it is noteworthy to emphasize that a pronounced degree of heritability was founded for all traits except for days to maturity. Significant genetic advancements expressed as a percentage mean was observed for all attributes examined, except for days 50% flowering and maturity. Seed yield per individual plant manifested a substantial and positive genotypic correlation with the number of secondary branches per plant, 1000-seed weight, biological yield per individual plant, and the harvest index. Path analysis further elucidated that biological yield per individual plant and the harvest index exerted the most substantial positive direct effects on seed yield per plant. Based on these findings, the study suggests that choosing mustard genotypes based on these particular traits could lead to a more effective strategy for increasing overall yield. Additionally, genotypes grouped into distinct clusters with higher average values for seed yield and other essential characteristics present an attractive opportunity for inclusion in hybridization efforts aimed at producing superior offspring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eight parents and the 28 crosses of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.) in two segregating generations, viz., F2 and F3 were studied for their genetic variability during the rabi seasons of 2020-21 and 2021-22, respectively. Observations were recorded for six morphological characters such as plant height (cm), primary branches per plant, secondary branches per plant, siliquae per plant, 1000 seed weight (g) and seed yield per plant (g). The PCV was found to be greater than the GCV and the difference between them was high in all the characters in both F2 and F3 generations. Most of the characters revealed a medium range of GCV and PCV. Moderate heritability was expressed by all the characters except primary branches per plant in F3 generation. The Genetic Advance as a percentage of Mean (GAM) was higher in most characters except in plant height. The character plant height was found to be positively correlated with seed yield per plant in both F2 and F3 generations, with secondary branches per plant in the F3 generation and negatively correlated with primary branches per plant in F3 generation. A high direct effect on seed yield per plant was exhibited by plant height and 1000 seed weight in both F2 and F3 generations and by Secondary branches per plant in the F2 generation and Siliquae per plant in the F3 generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, a set of 36 Indian mustard genotypes were evaluated in three replications for twelve agromorphological traits. D² analysis was done to study the diversity pattern which enabled the grouping of genotypes into 11 clusters. Cluster I was the largest (D²=7.53) comprising of 20 genotypes followed by cluster II (D²=7.20) of 7 genotypes, while other 9 clusters contained one genotype each. Estimates of average inter cluster distance revealed that clusters IX and XI were most divergent (D²=118.49) followed by clusters V and XI (D²=88.48). Hence, crossing between genotypes Pusa Agrani × Rohini (cluster IX × cluster XI); PM-28 × Rohini (cluster V × cluster XI) may yields a considerable amount of heterosis in F1 generation. Days to maturity (31.9 %) had the highest contribution, followed by seed yield per plant (25.4 %), days to 50% flowering (13.33 %), beak length (7.30 %) and 1000 seed weight (6.67 %) towards the observed genetic diversity. Selection for divergent parents based on concerned traits could enhance the development of transgressive segregants with increased vigor in Indian mustard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twenty genotypes of Brassica juncea subspecies rugosa were grown in a randomized block design (RBD) for assessment of diversity using Mahalanobis D2 and Principal component statistics. Genetic diversity plays an important role in plant breeding because hybrids between parents of diverse origin generally displayed greater heterosis than those between closely related. Geographical diversity may not be the only factor responsible for causing diversification, thus focus should be laid on selecting the parents based on genetic diversity rather than geographical diversity. The Eigenvalue of the first principal component was accounted for 7.46 of variation. The first six principal components axes explained 88.79 per cent of the variation, suggesting considerable diversity among the genotypes for all the characters on the basis of D² analysis the genotypes were grouped into four clusters. Based on cluster analysis the results revealed maximum inter-cluster distance (41.68) between cluster II and IV followed by cluster I and IV, thereby paving the chance for them to be used in hybridization breeding programs. As per the biplot, the most stable genotypes are IC-399826, IC-338751, IC-338535, and IC-399839. The outcome of the study indicated that the genotypes having greater genetic diversity will be useful for developing segregants by utilizing in crossing programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pollen pistil interaction studies were carried out in six sunnhemp genotypes. Pollen viability percentage of the six genotypes ranged from 0.0 to 93.5% and pollen germination ranged from 0.0 to 84.0% at four different floral stages starting from bud to opening of a flower. The viable pollen grains were present at the later three stages of flower for globose type anthers, while the pollen grains were viable at the later two floral stages for heart shaped anthers. Stigma receptivity was high to very high during S3 and S4 stages. Artificial self-pollination and sib pollination with a mixture of pollen grains were carried out and in vivo pollen tube growth in the style was investigated using fluorescence microscopy. In self-pollinated pistils, eight hours after pollination, callose wall development was seen around the nucellus cell. However, under sib pollinated pistil, eight hours after pollination, pollen tube penetrated into embryo sac of an ovule. The formation of callose in self-fertilized pistil prevented fertilization and seed set. But sib pollinated flowers were fertilized normally and a seed set could be observed. The investigation proved the existence of selfincompatibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetic divergence using D² statistics was assessed for 13 different traits in a collection of 75 exotic and indigenous Indian mustard lines at CCS HAU Hisar. Based on genetic diversity, all were grouped into 15 clusters, of which cluster I had the maximum of 46 genotypes, followed by cluster V (8 genotypes), cluster III (7 genotypes) and cluster XII (3 genotypes). The remaining 11 clusters, i.e., cluster II, cluster IV, cluster VI, cluster VII, cluster VIII, cluster IX, cluster X, cluster XI, cluster XIII, cluster XIV and cluster XV, had only one genotype each. Cluster XII showed the maximum intra-cluster distance (15.51), while the maximum inter-cluster distance between cluster XII and cluster XV was observed (38.15). The maximum contribution to genetic divergence was recorded for the trait 1000-seed weight (33.26%) followed by days to 50 per cent flowering (26.09%), oil content (23.93%), days to maturity (26.09%) and seed yield per plant (% ). The genotypes IC-570302, IC-520747, IC-122427, EC-766480, RH 0749, EC-766040 and IC-470935, were observed promising for most of the important yield traits based upon high cluster means. The use of these genotypes was suggested in the crossing programme for further improvement in Indian mustard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Line × tester analysis was carried out to estimate combining ability of Ogura CMS based hybrids in Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.]. For this, 50 hybrids were developed by crossing five Ogura CMS lines with ten restorers according to the Line x Tester mating design. A total of 65 genotypes including 50 hybrids and 15 parents were evaluated during Rabi, 2017-18. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among lines and crosses for most of the traits. The value of σ2 SCA/σ2 GCA was found less than one, for most of the traits indicating a major role of non-additive gene action in the expression of characters. Line RH 0555-OA and tester IOR-12 were found to be good general combiners possessing highly significant and positive gca effects for seed yield and component traits. The cross RH 0630-OA × IOR-12 had expressed the highly significant and positive sca effects for seed yield per plant. Other crosses such as RH 8812-OA × IOR-3, RH 0749-OA × IOR-6, RH 0749-OA × IOR-22, RH 0749-OA × IOR-18 and RH 0630-OA × IOR-11 had exhibited significant sca effects for different yield related characters in Indian mustard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forty five genotypes of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss] were evaluated for seed yield and quality traits in Randomized Block Design with four replications during the Rabi, 2019-2020. The analysis of variance revealed that the mean sum of squares due to genotypes was significant for all the eighteen characters studied indicating the presence of variability for all the traits among the genotypes under study. Low difference between genotypic and phenotypic variances revealed that the contribution of genotypic variance to total variance was more for all the traits except days to maturity and plant height. The high values of genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation for the number of branches per plant, seed yield per plant, myristic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid which indicated the potential variability available for these traits. The high heritability estimates obtained in conjunction with high genetic advance were observed for the number of branches per plant, the number of siliquae per plant, seeds per siliqua, length of siliqua, 1000-seed weight, seed yield per plant, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and glucosinolate suggesting the predominant role of additive gene action for their expression. Association analysis between seed yield per plant and other seventeen characters revealed significantly positive correlation of seed yield per plant with the number of siliquae per plant, seeds per siliqua, length of siliquam, myristic acid and erucic acid. Path analysis revealed positive direct effects of the number of siliquae per plant and seeds per siliqua towards seed yield per plant while myristic acid, the number of branches per plant had a positive indirect effect on seed yield per plant via the number of siliquae per plant suggesting that the selection for such traits would be more effective for improving seed yield in Indian mustard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heat stress at the seedling stage can increase mortality and has become an increasing threat for Indian mustard cultivation. Indian mustard is being predominantly grown under a rainfed ecosystem. In this context, the selection of heat tolerant genotypes may be one of the panaceas. Hence, this study was planned to evolve, evaluate and identify some of the promising early maturing heat stress tolerant from a pool of advanced breeding lines, to be used as probable donors for transferring heat tolerance. For this purpose, heat stress was imposed on 10 Indian mustard advanced breeding lines at the seedling period. The mean performance of the ten advanced breeding lines of Indian mustard with respect to morphophysiology revealed that the genotype DRMRHT-13-13-5-4 recorded earliest in maturity (117.5 days), high oil content (43.14 %) and seed yield of 3182.82 (kg/ha) which was 19.75 per cent higher seed yield over best check NPJ-112 under heat stress conditions. Similarly, the genotype DRMRHT-13-13-5-6 also recorded early in maturity (118.5 days), oil content (42.18%) and seed yield of 2964.92 (kg/ha) which was 11.55 per cent higher seed yield over the best check NPJ-112. There was a positive correlation between relative water content and membrane stability index (r=0.945) but both of these traits were negatively associated with excised-leaf water loss. Cluster survey classified 10 advanced breeding lines in five divergent groups. The tree diagram revealed abundant diversity between the Indian mustard genotypes for different characters and some magnitude of a consortium between different clusters. Based on the higher membrane stability index, water retention capacity of leaves, relative water content, minimum excised-leaf water loss and seed yield, advanced breeding lines DRMRHT-13-13-5-4 and DRMRHT-13-13-5-6 were identified as early in maturity and heat tolerant at a seedling stage which could be used in breeding programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was conducted to study the genetic relationship between eleven quantitative traits of 95 Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) genotypes. The experiment material was evaluated in paired rows of 4 m length at Research Area of Oilseeds Section, Department of Genetics and plant breeding, CCS HAU, Hisar during Rabi, 2017-18. All the recommended package of practices was followed to raise the healthy crop. Maximum variation was observed for seed yield per plant followed by the number of secondary branches per plant, the number of primary branches per plant, 1000-seed weight and the number of siliqua on main shoot. Correlation studies revealed that seed yield per plant was positively and significantly associated with plant height, the number of primary and secondary branches per plant, and the number of siliqua on main shoot length. Selection based on these traits would ultimately improve seed yield. Four ideal genotypes viz., DRMRIJ-14-261, DRMRIJ-15-52, DRMRIJ-15-148 and M 5 were identified for the traits such as medium maturity, the number of primary branches per plant, the number of seeds per siliqua and 1000-seed weight in this study. These genotypes can be used as source lines in breeding programme for obtaining desirable segregates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was directed to evaluate antioxidant potential of methanolic extract from defatted meal of twenty Exotic collections (EC) of Brassica juncea for selection of desirable breeding germplasm having functional value in term of antioxidative potential. Being antioxidative in nature, B. juncea may be used as an alternative in place of synthetic ones. Total antioxidant activity and phenol content was observed in the range 14.204 to 26.973 mg/g and 5.39 to 7.47 mg/g, respectively. In term of IC50 value Hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide & superoxide radical scavenging was maximum in EC564649 where as DPPH radical scavenging was maximum in EC552583 (YS). Metal chelating activity was maximum in EC564641.

Indian mustard is mostly targeted for commercial cultivation as early sown or late sown crop with the expectation of higher yield. With this objective, genetical analysis (13 heat tolerant line × 4 heat susceptible tester) of yield traits were carried out. Per cent genotypic coefficient of variations for all 12 yield contributing traits in all three environments was low to high with variance ratio less than unity indicating non-additive genes action. The lines namely Urvashi in E1, PR 08-5 in E2 & P, and PRL 08-6 in E3 as well as testers namely RH 0304 in E1, E2 & P, and JMWR 08-3 in E3 exhibited highest GCA for seed yield. These genotypes, in series of crosses, showed high GCA effects in desirable direction for at least four yield contributing traits. For seed yield, five top ranking crosses were found entirely different for each environment indicating that heterosis manifestation was cross and environment specific. The most outstanding heterotic crosses for different environments were Urvashi × RH 0304 in E1, PR 08-5×JMWR 08-3 in E2, PRL 08-6×RH 0304 in E3 and across environments for seed yield along with high heterosis for 4-6 component traits.

Sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) belonging to the family Fabaceae is having wide range of industrial utilization as fibre crop, fodder crop and green manure. Pollination is the key mutualism between two kingdoms of organisms. The ambiguity of whether sunnhemp is self-pollinated or cross-pollinated crop paved the way for our study. The simplest and most efficient approach to investigate the breeding system of C. juncea would be the combination of controlled hand pollination followed by pod set analysis. Floral biology study revealed the protandrous characteristics of sunnhemp flowers. Flowers are zygomorphic and complete with dimorphic anthers. Breeding system study confirmed the prevalence of cross pollination in sunnhemp by higher per cent pod set in crosspollination in comparison with self-pollination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peppery, crispy mustard greens are indeed one of the most nutritious green leafy vegetable available during the winter season. The mustard greens similar to spinach and fenugreek are the storehouse of the number of phytonutrients and have health promotional and disease prevention properties. Five selections from germplasm lines from Uttarakhand hills were evaluated for leaf traits, micronutrient profile and anti-oxidative properties. These lines were very tall, late maturing and slow-growing. The maximum leaf area was found in EEC-1 (590.42 cm2) by virtue of its broadleaf (21.89cm) with high protein (26.68%) and zinc content (2.73mg). EEC-5 showed the highest fresh leaf weight (66.53g) and maximum content of iron (20.23mg). With maximum leaf length (40.72cm), EEC-4 was identified as an excellent source of â-carotene (6480µg) which is precursor of vitamin A. Leafy mustard selection EEC-3 possessed the highest amount of micronutrients like phosphorous (720mg), calcium (240mg) and manganese (6.49mg). Fresh mustard greens were found to be an excellent source of antioxidant like flavonoids (EEC-4, 4.88mg) and also show very high total antioxidative activity (EEC-5, 20.09mg). Therefore, from the above investigation, it was found that green mustard leaves can serve as a healthy alternative to most of the winter season leafy vegetables with their high nutraceutical and disease defensive role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a study carried out with 71 genotypes of Indian mustard under sub-Himalayan condition during rabi 2017-18, it was found that all the genotypes differed significantly for yield and its attributing traits. Both GCV and PCV were found to be higher for height up to first fruiting branch, aphid count and penetration force indicating high variability in the genotypes. High heritability along with high genetic advance was observed for height up to first fruiting branch, primary branches per plant, secondary branches per plant, siliquae per plant and 1000 seed weight. The trait association study revealed that secondary branches per plant and siliquae per plant had positive significant association with seed yield per plant. Path coefficient analysis indicated that penetration force exhibited the highest direct effect on seed yield. Siliquae per plant and secondary branches per plant exhibited high direct positive effect and positive association with seed yield per plant. On the basis of all the eleven traits taken together, the genotype PRD-2013-9 (rank-1) was the best. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A set of 5×5 diallel crosses of Indian mustard along with their parents were evaluated to estimate general and specific combining ability of parents and crosses, respectively during winter season 2017-18. Significant differences were observed for both general combining ability and specific combining ability for all the thirteen traits studied. The high magnitude of general combining ability and specific combining ability effects indicated the presence of both additive and non-additive gene interactions for the inheritance of different studied traits. SCA effects, the high ranking crosses for yield and its component traits were IC-589681× IC-571649, IC-589680× IC-589681. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highest genotypic coefficient of variation was recorded for number of secondary branches per plant. High genetic variation was found in length of siliqua, seed yield per plant, number of siliqua per plant and 1000 seed weight (g). Where number of secondary branches per plant, number of siliqua per plant, length of siliqua, 1000 seed weight (g), oil content and seed yield per plant possessing high G.C.V. and heritability. High estimates of genetic advance were observed for number of siliqua per plant. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance; it was inferred that additive gene action was in operation for control of length of siliqua, seed yield per plant, 1000 seed weight, number of secondary branches per plant and number of siliqua per plant. The genotypic correlation coefficients were higher than phenotypic and environmental correlation coefficients. This indicated that there is strong inherent association between the various characters studied. Number of siliqua per plant and number of seeds per siliqua were the major characters which had highest direct contribution towards yield per plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two cms lines of Moricandia viz., CMSNDRE-4 and CMS Mori were crossed with 30 genotypes to identify restorers and maintainers. Effective restorers for two CMS lines i.e., CMSNDRE-4 and CMS Mori could not be identified through Moricandia CMS system. However, common partial restorers were found in the parents, NPJ-147, NPJ-112, PRE-2007-06, NPJ-135, Divya-33, DRMREJ-2010-01, NPJ-148, DRMREJ-2010-02, Divya-22, R.H-919, RRN-693 and Kranti for both CMS lines. Effects of CMS lines on seed yield and its components traits indicated that seed yield in F1‟s were higher than the parents. The overall performance of F1‟s over both the standard variety viz., Kranti (SV1) and Maya (SV2) in seed yield showed yield depression as a result of negative cytoplasm interaction.

An experiment was conducted using 45 genotypes including local cultivars, advanced lines and notified varieties of Indian mustard for genetic diversity analysis through Mahalanobis's D2 method. The study was conducted in RBD design with 3 replications having plot size of 1.5 × 5 m2 and row spacing of 30 × 10 cm. Data were recorded on 14 different agromorphological characters viz. days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of primary and secondary branches per plant, main shoot length (cm), leaf area index, root width and length ratio, number of siliqua per plant, siliqua length (cm), number of seeds per siliqua, seed yield per plant (g), 1000 seed weight (g) and oil content (%). The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all characters under study. The genotypes were grouped into 7 clusters using Tocher's method, with cluster I containing maximum genotypes (18 genotypes) followed by cluster III (9 genotypes), cluster IV (8 genotypes), cluster II (6 genotypes), cluster VI (2 genotypes) while cluster V and VII with single genotype each. Root width and length ratio, siliqua per plant, main shoot length and 1000 seed weight were the major contributors for genetic diversity among the genotypes with 23%, 21.80%, 21.32% and 20.51% respectively. The cluster IV exhibited maximum intra-cluster distance followed by cluster VI (844.272) while maximum inter-cluster distance was found between cluster V and VII (7273.532). Selection of diverse genotype containing desirable characters from the cluster and utilizing in hybridization programme will likely produce trangressive segregants and heterotic F1s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multivariate analysis was carried out with 20 morphological (including quantitative as well as qualitative) and five oil quality traits in 43 genotypes of Indian mustard. Principal factor analysis led to the identification of nine principal components (PCs) which explained about 77% variability. The first principal component (PC1) explained 16.65% of the total variation. The remaining PC's explained progressively lesser and lesser of the total variation. Varimax Rotation enabled loading of similar type of variables on a common principal factor (PF) permitting to designate them as seed yield and component traits, leaf, oil and its quality factors. Based on PF scores, the genotypes viz., RH(OE)0801, EC597320, EC597341, EC597344, EC592579, EC592584 and JM6014(YS) have been identified superior for seed yield/plant, while the genotypes JM6009, JM6011, EC697334 and ZEM-1were found superior for oil content. Similarly, the genotypes JM6009, NUDBYJ-10, Pusa Mustard-21, RLC-2 and ZEM-2 showed superiority for erucic acid, whereas genotypes JM6004(YS), JM6026 and EC552583 exhibited superiority for glucosinolate content. These genotypes may further be utilized in breeding programmes for evolving mustard varieties having high seed yield and oil content; and with superior oil quality. Hierarchical cluster analysis resulted into eight clusters containing one to 16 genotypes. The results of cluster and principal factor analyses confirmed each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combining ability and nature of gene interaction that contribute to seed yield and its attributing traits in Indian mustard were investigated using 60 hybrids developed by crossing three females (lines) with twenty males (testers) in a Line x Tester mating system. The results revealed that GCA and SCA ratio (s2GCA/s2SCA) was less than unity for all the traits except for days to 50% flowering. This indicated that non-additive components played relatively greater role in the inheritance of all the traits except days to 50% flowering for which greater role of additive components was found. The estimate of GCA effects indicated that the parents GM-2, NRCM-120, PAB-9511 and IC-261670 were identified as good general combiners indicating their ability in transmitting additive genes in the desirable direction to their progenies. The hybrids viz., GM-2 x PYM-7 (10.81), GM-3 x NUDH-45-1 (10.70) and GM-3 x PAB-9511 (8.36) were found to be the best specific crosses for seed yield per plant. Among these hybrids, GM-2 x PTM-7 was also recorded significant sca effects in desired direction for number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant and number of siliquae per plant, while GM-3 x NUDH-45-1 also exhibited significant sca effects for number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, number of siliquae per plant, siliquae length and oil content. Therefore, these hybrids can be further exploited for selection of transgressive segregants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experiment was conducted during winter seasons of 2005-06 and 2006-07 to study the nature and magnitude of gene effects involved in the genetic control of seed yield and yield attributing traits in Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss.] through generation mean analysis. Two crosses namely; RH 0115 x EC 126745 and RH 0120 x EC 126745 were grown in a randomized block design under normal and late sown conditions. In six parameter model additive gene effects were significant for days to maturity, number of primary and secondary branches per plant, number of seeds per siliqua and oil content. Both additive and non-additive gene effects were found to be significant for main raceme length, number of siliquae on main raceme, seed yield per plant and 1000-seed weight. Thus on the basis of above study it is advocated that the breeding methods which exploit both the components of genetic variation may be useful for further genetic amelioration. For the improvement of seed yield and its component characters; reciprocal recurrent selection or diallel selective mating would be helpful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field experiment on Indian mustard consisting thirty two parents (two lines + thirty testers) and their sixty crosses was conducted to estimate general and specific combining ability of parents and crosses, respectively. The variances due to SCA were higher than GCA variances for almost all traits, confirming the presence of non-additive gene action in the inheritance of these characters. Among testers, NDRE-22, EJ-22, RH-919, Divya-22, NDRE-08-04, NPJ-135, PRE-2009-09, NPJ-148 and PRE-2007-06 were found good general combiners for seed yield. The crosses, CMSMori x NPJ-135 (13.17%) and CMSNDRE-4 x PRE-2007-06 (12.83%) showed significant sca effect and heterosis over standard varieties Kranti and Maya, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation entitled "Identification of promising heterotic combinations for yield and yield attributed traits in Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss]" consists analysis of 15×15 half-diallel set of crosses in Indian mustard revealed that non-additive gene effects was found to be predominant for secondary branches per plant, whereas preponderance of additive gene effects for the inheritance of rest of the characters. The evaluation of heterosis revealed that PRB-2004-3-4×PRE-2009-9(-9.627**), Bhaghirathi ×PRE-2009-9 (-16.53**), RGN-145×PR-2006-1(-4.64**) for early maturity, PRB-2008-5× PRB-2004-3-4 (-24.37**), PRB-2008-5×PRE-2009-9 (-24.89**), PRE-2009-9×NDYR-8 (-23.32**) for dwarf plant height, PR-2006-1×NDRE-4 (201.74**), PR-2006-1×NDYR-8 (137.26**), Maya×PRE-2004-3-4 (40.26**) for seed yield, PRE-2009-9×NDYR-8 (15.84**), RGN-74×PRE-2007-6 (2.91**), Maya×NDYR-8 (2.09**) for oil content, most promising were heterotic crosses for mid parent heterosis, better parent and economic heterosis respectively. All three type of heterosis with respect to over mid parent, better parent and standard check were observed significant in desirable direction for all the characters except glucosinolate content. The manifestation of high amount of heterosis for seed yield and component traits by a large number of crosses suggesting need to maintain heterozygosity in the population for maximum expression of traits in desirable direction. Foregoing results and inferences revealed that the presence of wide spectrum of exploitable variability in research material studied with respect to various quantitative traits projecting, thereby, immense scope for genetic improvement in Indian mustard. Therefore, with the help of heterosis studies, the superior cross combination of promising hybrids could be identified for developing high yielding cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combining ability of eight quantitative traits was studied in 12 lines, 4 testers and 48 F1’s in Line x Tester mating design to know the inheritance pattern of yield attributes of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss]. The estimates of gca and sca variances showed the preponderance of non-additive gene action for all the traits studied. Data revealed that variances due Line x Tester effect were significant for seed yield and all the traits studied. Among the lines and testers, good general combining parents BASANTI, CS 54, VARUNA, DURGAMANI, GM 1 and PM 67 exhibited desirable negative and highly significant gca effect for days to 50% flowering and days to maturity and the parents RL-1359, KRISHNA, RH-819 and JM-2 were good general combiners as they showed positive and highly significant gca effect for seed yield plant-1, plant height, primary branches plant-1, secondary branches plant-1, number of seeds siliqua-1, length of siliqua and days to maturity indicating the presence of additive gene action or additive x additive interaction effects. Hybrids RL 1359 x JM 2, KRISHNA x JM 2, GM 2 x JM 2 and CS 54 X LAXMI exhibited significant and positive specific combining ability effects for seed yield plant-1, days to 50 % flowering, secondary branches plant-1 and number of seeds siliqua-1. However, on the basis of per se performance and significant specific combining ability effect for seed yield plant-1 hybrids RL 1359 x JM 2 and KRISHNA x JM 2 were considered to be most promising for further exploitation in breeding programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experimental material consisted of ten parental genotypes and their 45 F1s developed through half diallel mating design, was evaluated in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The magnitude of both the estimates; σ2gca and σ2sca, potent ratio and predictability ratio revealed prominence of additive genetic variance for days to 50% flowering, days to 80% siliquae maturity, test weight and glucosinolate content while non-additive genetic variance preponded for plant height, number of siliquae per plant, seed yield per plant, harvesting index; and erucic acid content.The parents Pusa bold, Bio-902, NUDHYJ-3 and EC-287711 were good general combiners for seed yield and at least for two important yield attributing characters. The F1s Bio-902 x NUDHYJ-3, Pusa Bold x EC-287711, Pusa bold x GM-3,Bio-902 x TM-2 and Bio-902 x JM-3 were good specific combiners for seed yield and represented all the good general combiners parents except JM-3, suggesting major component of pseudo additive gene effect of non-additive gene effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forty eight F1s along with their 12 lines and 4 testers were evaluated during Rabi 2009-10 for nine quantitative traits to estimate relative heterosis (Ha), heterobeltiosis (Hb) and economic heterosis (Hc) for screening of superior cross combinations of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss.]. All the genotypes were grown in Field Experimentation Center, SHIATS, Allahabad in randomized block design (RBD). Analysis of variance showed significant differences among the genotypes for all characters studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genetic study of F2 crosses in mustard was undertaken with a view to identify the potential F2 crosses for their use in individual plants selection. Three F2 crosses were C-I (Varuna X RH-819), C-II (Ashirwad X RH-819) and C-III (ACN-9 X Geeta) raised during rabi 2012-13 and data were recorded on six characters i.e. days to first flower, days to maturity, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of siliqua per plant and seed yield per plant. The correlation studies at genotypic level revealed positive significant association of seed yield per plant with number of siliqua per plant and with number of primary branches per plant in all the crosses studied and with plant height in some cases. The study on path analysis indicated the significance of number of siliqua per plant and number of primary branches per plant as the promising characters to increase seed yield per plant either directly or indirectly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inheritance of Alternaria leaf blight disease in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss) was carried-out using generation mean analysis. Results based on generation mean analysis of per cent disease index (PDI) showed significant estimates of additive [d] and dominance [h] effects as well as all the three types of epistasis in all the three crosses. The opposite signs of [h] and [l] indicated that duplicate epistasis was operative in the inheritance of Alternaria leaf blight in the material studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]