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An exact calculation of the minimum required power of a ringing signal generator in a telephone exchange is presented. The problem of power calculation is treated as a traffic problem. As can be seen, the required ringing power is a function of the traffic parameters of subscribers, the electrical characteristics of the telephone lines and sets, and the allowed overload time.

In an alternate-routing system, whenever the direct route becomes idle, on switching a call which has been routed through the alternate route back to the direct route during conversation, more efficient usage of the system is realised. In this paper this scheme is called ‘no-hole-in-the-multiple’ alternate routing and the results of theoretical and experimental evaluations are described.