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1. Insights from a Pan India Sero-Epidemiological survey (Phenome-India Cohort) for SARS-CoV2

Author

Salwa Naushin, Viren Sardana, Rajat Ujjainiya, Nitin Bhatheja, Rintu Kutum, Akash Kumar Bhaskar, Shalini Pradhan, Satyartha Prakash, Raju Khan, Birendra Singh Rawat, Karthik Bharadwaj Tallapaka, Mahesh Anumalla, Giriraj Ratan Chandak, Amit Lahiri, Susanta Kar, Shrikant Ramesh Mulay, Madhav Nilakanth Mugale, Mrigank Srivastava, Shaziya Khan, Anjali Srivastava, Bhawana Tomar, Murugan Veerapandian, Ganesh Venkatachalam, Selvamani Raja Vijayakumar, Ajay Agarwal, Dinesh Gupta, Prakash M Halami, Muthukumar Serva Peddha, Gopinath M Sundaram, Ravindra P Veeranna, Anirban Pal, Vinay Kumar Agarwal, Anil Ku Maurya, Ranvijay Kumar Singh, Ashok Kumar Raman, Suresh Kumar Anandasadagopan, Parimala Karuppanan, Subramanian Venkatesan, Harish Kumar Sardana, Anamika Kothari, Rishabh Jain, Anupama Thakur, Devendra Singh Parihar, Anas Saifi, Jasleen Kaur, Virendra Kumar, Avinash Mishra, Iranna Gogeri, Geethavani Rayasam, Praveen Singh, Rahul Chakraborty, Gaura Chaturvedi, Pinreddy Karunakar, Rohit Yadav, Sunanda Singhmar, Dayanidhi Singh, Sharmistha Sarkar, Purbasha Bhattacharya, Sundaram Acharya, Vandana Singh, Shweta Verma, Drishti Soni, Surabhi Seth, Sakshi Vashisht, Sarita Thakran, Firdaus Fatima, Akash Pratap Singh, Akanksha Sharma, Babita Sharma, Manikandan Subramanian, Yogendra S Padwad, Vipin Hallan, Vikram Patial, Damanpreet Singh, Narendra Vijay Tripude, Partha Chakrabarti, Sujay Krishna Maity, Dipyaman Ganguly, Jit Sarkar, Sistla Ramakrishna, Balthu Narender Kumar, Kiran A Kumar, Sumit G Gandhi, Piyush Singh Jamwal, Rekha Chouhan, Vijay Lakshmi Jamwal, Nitika Kapoor, Debashish Ghosh, Ghanshyam Thakkar, Umakanta Subudhi, Pradip Sen, Saumya Ray Chaudhury, Rashmi Kumar, Pawan Gupta, Amit Tuli, Deepak Sharma, Rajesh P Ringe, Amarnarayan D, Mahesh Kulkarni, Dhansekaran Shanmugam, Mahesh S Dharne, Sayed G Dastager, Rakesh Joshi, Amita P Patil, Sachin N Mahajan, Abujunaid Habib Khan, Vasudev Wagh, Rakesh Kumar Yadav, Ajinkya Khilari, Mayuri Bhadange, Arvindkumar H Chaurasiya, Shabda E Kulsange, Krishna Khairnar, Shilpa Paranjape, Jatin Kalita, Narahari G Sastry, Tridip Phukan, Prasenjit Manna, Wahengbam Romi, Pankaj Bharali, Dibyajyoti Ozah, Ravi Kumar Sahu, Elapavalooru VSSK Babu, Rajeev Sukumaran, Aiswarya R Nair, Prajeesh Kooloth Valappil, Anoop Puthiyamadam, Adarsh Velayudhanpillai, Kalpana Chodankar, Samir Damare, Yennapu Madhavi, Ved Varun Aggarwal, Sumit Dahiya, Anurag Agrawal, Debasis Dash, and Shantanu Sengupta

Subjects
SARS-CoV2, antibody stability, sero-prevalence, neutralizing antibody, Medicine, Science, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

To understand the spread of SARS-CoV2, in August and September 2020, the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (India) conducted a serosurvey across its constituent laboratories and centers across India. Of 10,427 volunteers, 1058 (10.14%) tested positive for SARS-CoV2 anti-nucleocapsid (anti-NC) antibodies, 95% of which had surrogate neutralization activity. Three-fourth of these recalled no symptoms. Repeat serology tests at 3 (n = 607) and 6 (n = 175) months showed stable anti-NC antibodies but declining neutralization activity. Local seropositivity was higher in densely populated cities and was inversely correlated with a 30-day change in regional test positivity rates (TPRs). Regional seropositivity above 10% was associated with declining TPR. Personal factors associated with higher odds of seropositivity were high-exposure work (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval, p value: 2.23, 1.92–2.59,

Published
2021
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2. Insights from a Pan India Sero-Epidemiological survey (Phenome-India Cohort) for SARS-CoV2

Author

Rajeev K. Sukumaran, Amarnarayan D, Sujay Krishna Maity, Ravindra P Veeranna, Ganesh Venkatachalam, Dayanidhi Singh, Pinreddy Karunakar, Sundaram Acharya, Pawan Gupta, Narendra Vijay Tirpude, Anoop Puthiyamadam, Giriraj R. Chandak, Nitika Kapoor, Babita Sharma, Mahesh Anumalla, Ajinkya Khilari, Dipyaman Ganguly, Prakash M. Halami, Partha Chakrabarti, Birendra Singh Rawat, Gopinath M Sundaram, Shweta Verma, Rakeshkumar Yadav, Purbasha Bhattacharya, Rintu Kutum, Surabhi Seth, Shilpa Paranjape, Sharmistha Sarkar, Viren Sardana, Sunanda Singhmar, Kalpana Chodankar, Mayuri Bhadange, Ajay Agarwal, Ghanshyam Thakkar, Suresh Kumar Anandasadagopan, Debasis Dash, A. Kiran Kumar, Praveen Singh, Debashish Ghosh, Rekha Chouhan, Rajesh P. Ringe, Drishti Soni, Sumit Dahiya, Rohit Yadav, Deepak Sharma, Jasleen Kaur, Yennapu Madhavi, Dibyajyoti Ozah, Satyartha Prakash, Amit Tuli, Syed G. Dastager, Pradip Sen, Arvindkumar H Chaurasiya, Yogendra Padwad, Vipin Hallan, Jit Sarkar, Akanksha Sharma, Samir Damare, Parimala Karuppanan, Anjali Srivastava, Piyush Singh Jamwal, Pankaj Bharali, Tridip Phukan, Amit Lahiri, Bhawna Tomar, Muthukumar Serva Peddha, Amita P Patil, Selvamani Raja Vijayakumar, Salwa Naushin, Sachin N Mahajan, Mahesh J. Kulkarni, Damanpreet Singh, Anil Ku Maurya, Shabda E Kulsange, Virendra Kumar, Akash Kumar Bhaskar, Ravi Kumar Sahu, Krishna Khairnar, Geethavani Rayasam, Prajeesh Kooloth-Valappil, Rashmi Kumar, Madhav Nilakanth Mugale, Shrikant R. Mulay, Susanta Kar, Balthu Narender Kumar, Umakanta Subudhi, Aiswarya R Nair, Anurag Agrawal, Gaura Chaturvedi, Vikram Patial, Sumit G. Gandhi, Abu Junaid Khan, Adarsh Velayudhanpillai, Anupma Thakur, Anirban Pal, Anamika Kothari, Devendra Singh Parihar, Sarita Thakran, Shantanu Sengupta, Shakshi Vashisht, Nitin Bhatheja, Vasudev Wagh, Firdaus Fatima, Prasenjit Manna, Ashok Kumar Raman, Mahesh S. Dharne, Vijay Lakshmi Jamwal, Vandana Singh, Murugan Veerapandian, G. Narahari Sastry, Manikandan Subramanian, Ran Vijay Kumar Singh, Iranna Gogeri, Harish Kumar Sardana, Mrigank Srivastava, Subramanian Venkatesan, Raju Khan, Dhanasekaran Shanmugam, Rahul Chakraborty, Jatin Kalita, Anas Saifi, Sistla Ramakrishna, Rishabh Jain, Saumya Ray Chaudhury, Shaziya Khan, Rajat Ujjainiya, Karthik Bharadwaj Tallapaka, Elapavalooru V.S.S.K. Babu, Avinash Mishra, Wahengbam Romi, Shalini Pradhan, Ved Varun Aggarwal, Dinesh Gupta, Vinay Kumar Agarwal, Akash Pratap Singh, and Rakesh Joshi

Subjects
Male, Time Factors, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Antibodies, Viral, Serology, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Pandemic, Epidemiology, 030212 general & internal medicine, Longitudinal Studies, Biology (General), General Neuroscience, neutralizing antibody, General Medicine, Universal precautions, Cohort, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Medicine, Female, medicine.medical_specialty, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, QH301-705.5, Science, India, Lower risk, Risk Assessment, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Odds, COVID-19 Serological Testing, 03 medical and health sciences, Predictive Value of Tests, Environmental health, medicine, Humans, Medical history, General Immunology and Microbiology, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, antibody stability, Industrial research, COVID-19, Odds ratio, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Confidence interval, Immunity, Humoral, sero-prevalence, SARS-CoV2, business, Biomarkers, Demography
Abstract

Background: India has been amongst the most affected nations during the SARS CoV2 pandemic, with sparse data on country wide spread of asymptomatic infections and antibody persistence. This longitudinal cohort study was aimed to evaluate SARS CoV2 seropositivity rate as a marker of infection and evaluate temporal persistence of antibodies with neutralization capability and to infer possible risk factors for infection. Methods: Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India (CSIR) with its more than 40 laboratories and centers in urban and semi urban settings spread across the country piloted the pan country surveillance. 10427 adult individuals working in CSIR laboratories and their family members based on voluntary participation were assessed for antibody presence and stability was analyzed over 6 months utilizing qualitative Elecysys SARS CoV2 specific antibody kit and GENScript cPass SARS CoV2 Neutralization Antibody Detection Kit. Along with demographic information, possible risk factors were evaluated through self to be filled online forms with data acquired on blood group type, occupation type, addiction and habits including smoking and alcohol, diet preferences, medical history and transport type utilized. Symptom history and information on possible contact and compliance with COVID 19 universal precautions was also obtained. Findings:1058 individuals (10.14%) had antibodies against SARS CoV2. A follow up on 346 seropositive individuals after three months revealed stable to higher antibody levels against SARS CoV2 but declining plasma activity for neutralizing SARS CoV2 receptor binding domain and ACE2 interaction. A repeat sampling of 35 individuals, at six months, revealed declining antibody levels while the neutralizing activity remained stable compared to three months. Majority of seropositive individuals (75%) did not recall even one of nine symptoms since March 2020. Fever was the most common symptom with one fourth reporting loss of taste or smell. Significantly associated risks for seropositivity (Odds Ratio, 95% CI, p value) were observed with usage of public transport (1.79, 1.43 to 2∙24, 2.81561x10-6), occupational responsibilities such as security, housekeeping personnel etc. (2.23, 1.92 to 2.59, 6.43969x10-26), non smokers (1.52, 1.16 to 1.99, 0.02) and non vegetarianism (1.67, 1.41 to 1.99, 3.03821x10-8). An iterative regression analysis was confirmatory and led to only modest changes to estimates. Predilections for seropositivity was noted with specific ABO blood groups; O was associated with a lower risk. Interpretation: In a first of its kind study from India, we report the seropositivity in a country wide cohort and identify variable susceptible associations for contacting infection. Serology and Neutralizing Antibody response provides much sought for general insights on the immune response to the virus among Indians and will be an important resource for designing vaccination strategies. Funding: Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India (CSIR)

Published
2021

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