1. 3D model for CAR-mediated cytotoxicity using patient-derived colorectal cancer organoids.
- Author
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Schnalzger TE, de Groot MH, Zhang C, Mosa MH, Michels BE, Röder J, Darvishi T, Wels WS, and Farin HF
- Subjects
- Cells, Cultured, Colorectal Neoplasms genetics, Colorectal Neoplasms immunology, Genetic Therapy methods, HEK293 Cells, Humans, Immunotherapy, Adoptive methods, Primary Cell Culture methods, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell genetics, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell metabolism, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell therapeutic use, Receptors, Chimeric Antigen genetics, Receptors, Chimeric Antigen metabolism, Tissue Scaffolds chemistry, Colorectal Neoplasms pathology, Colorectal Neoplasms therapy, Cytotoxicity, Immunologic drug effects, Cytotoxicity, Immunologic genetics, Models, Biological, Organoids pathology, Receptors, Chimeric Antigen therapeutic use, Tissue Culture Techniques methods
- Abstract
Immunotherapy using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered lymphocytes has shown impressive results in leukemia. However, for solid tumors such as colorectal cancer (CRC), new preclinical models are needed that allow to test CAR-mediated cytotoxicity in a tissue-like environment. Here, we developed a platform to study CAR cell cytotoxicity against 3-dimensional (3D) patient-derived colon organoids. Luciferase-based measurement served as a quantitative read-out for target cell viability. Additionally, we set up a confocal live imaging protocol to monitor effector cell recruitment and cytolytic activity at a single organoid level. As proof of principle, we demonstrated efficient targeting in diverse organoid models using CAR-engineered NK-92 cells directed toward a ubiquitous epithelial antigen (EPCAM). Tumor antigen-specific cytotoxicity was studied with CAR-NK-92 cells targeting organoids expressing EGFRvIII, a neoantigen found in several cancers. Finally, we tested a novel CAR strategy targeting FRIZZLED receptors that show increased expression in a subgroup of CRC tumors. Here, comparative killing assays with normal organoids failed to show tumor-specific activity. Taken together, we report a sensitive in vitro platform to evaluate CAR efficacy and tumor specificity in a personalized manner., (© 2019 The Authors.)
- Published
- 2019
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