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A country report for Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) is presented from publisher Fitch Solutions, with topics including political risk index, political outlook, and economic outlook.

The report on the political and macroeconomic risks, and other key sectors of Europe in December 2016 is presented from publisher BMI Research.

A country report for Russia and former Soviet republics is presented from publisher BMI Research, with topics including country risks, foreign exchanges and economic forecasts.

The article reports on political risk and macroeconomic prospects of several European regions including Armenia, Ukraine and Kazakhastan. Topics discussed include Armenia joining customs union of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan in 2014, decline in Ukrainian hryvnia in the wake of the anti-government protests in the capital Kiev and attacks on the Russian city of Volgograd before beginning of the Winter Olympics games in Sochi, Russia.

The article discusses several topics related to political risk and macroeconomic policies in the emerging European Countries. It mentions that the forecast for the real gross domestic product (GDP) growth for Russia has been reduced from 2.6 percent to 2.3 percent in 2013 whereas for 2014 it has been reduced to 3.5 percent from 3.8 percent. It states that the real GDP growth in Kazakhstan is forecasted to expand by 5.4 percent in 2013 and also discusses political risks in Russia.

A report on the political risk and macroeconomic prospects of Russia and of the CIS countries in 2012 is presented. It predicts the insufficiency of the increased oil prices in strengthening the real gross domestic product (GDP) growth of Russia in 2012 and 2013. It is believed that the country's accession to World Trade Organization (WTO) will reinforce its medium- to long-term investment. It predicts reversal of inflation trend, specifically on consumer prices, in Ukraine.

The article reports on the political, economic and business environment risks of several countries including Russia, Ukraine and Mongolia. It notes that Russia's Federal Security Bureau (FSB) arrested insurgent leader Ali Taziyev on June 9, 2010. An International Monetary Fund (IMF) delegation arrived in the Ukraine on June 21, 2010 to discuss developments in fiscal targets. In Mongolia, consumer price inflation continued to rise in May, growing by 11.6% year-on-year.

The article discusses the impact of weak demand and fiscal cuts on the economic growth of the gross domestic product (GDP) in Ukraine. It mentions that consumption growth would slow down due to the cuts, and the uptick in exports would be unsustainable. However, the authors had remained optimistic on the growth because political risk would boost the foreign investor confidence.

The article forecasts the short- and long-term economic and political risk in Kyrgyzstan despite the successful referendum in June 2009. It mentions the possible risk on the failure of the opposition parties to unite on key issues and the long-run challenges in the country's transition towards parliamentary democracy. It also explains that political crisis, violence, and uncertain future of the country will keep investors wary and massive fiscal spending in the government emptied its coffers.

The article presents a political outlook by the research firm Business Monitor International Ltd. on Ukraine. It puts emphasis on the important role to be played by the 2010 election on the country's economic stability. However, it also anticipates that the 2010 election will undermine risk to the country's political condition following the mass protest during the 2004 election.

The article presents views by the research firm Business Monitor International Ltd. on macroeconomic trends and political risk in Russia. It expects that the decision of Turkmenistan and Russia leaders to resume gas flows in 2010 will drive the latter to remain the largest purchaser of Turkmenistan gas. It anticipates rivalry between China and Russia with relevance to economic importance to Turkmenistan in the long term. Meanwhile, geo-political dynamics within Turkmenistan was seen.

The article focuses on the economic outlook pertaining to the impact of the external and internal factors that would delay the economic recovery in Ukraine. It has been projected that the potential gas conflict and delay of International Monetary Fund's disbursement in emergency financing are some external factors considered for the delay in economic recovery. Moreover, the presidential election on January 17, 2010 has been projected put the country's risk profile in an indefinite condition.

The article presents an economic outlook for Russia. Regardless of who will replace Vladimir Putin as president, political risks will be limited and a consensus towards market reforms are likely to continue shaping policy in the country. Within the domestic sphere, there is enough opportunity for investment growth and at the same time private wealth is increasing.

The article discusses the key risks involved in foreign investments in Uzbekistan as assessed by Business Monitor International (BMI). BMI cautions that investments in the country can be influenced by political interference. The business environment in the country is described as restrictive, with state-owned companies still in control of major industries. According to BMI, there are also restrictions in trade and financial markets.

The article focuses on foreign direct investments (FDI) in Kazakhstan, assessed by the Business Monitoring International (BMI). The country is attracting large inflows of FDI due to its vast deposits of energy resources, but structural reform remains crucial for sustainable growth, particularly in the non-oil sector. BMI give Kazakhstan a score and rank 75th out of 167 countries respectively. The ratings consider infrastructure, institutions and market orientation.

The article presents the summary of the political, economic, and business environment risks in Ukraine.

The article offers information on the economic and political risks faced by Turkmenistan.

The article offers information on the political and economic risks faced by Uzbekistan in terms of its relation with Pakistan, energy efficiency initiatives, and business environment.

The article presents updates on the political and economic risk, as well as the business environment in Belarus, including the weakening of its relations with the European Union (EU), the issuance of a seven-year eurobond, and a signed legislation for a reform on business development and entrepreneurship.

The article presents updates on the political and economic risks, as well as the business environment in Mongolia, including the start of a uranium exploration, the recovery of the industrial production, and a joint venture agreement between Minco Gold of Canada, and a subsidiary of the China National Nuclear Corp.

The article presents updates on the political and economic risk, as well as the business environment in Tajikistan, including the development of the political and economic relations between the country and China, the initiative of the aluminum company TALCO to invest for machinery repairs and staff training, and the road construction from Dushanbe to the border of Uzbekistan.

The article presents updates on the political and economic risk, as well as the business environment in Kyrgyzstan, including the death of suspected Islamic militants, the expected economic development in 2011, and the improvement of the business relations between Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan.

The article presents updates on the political and economic risk, as well as the business environment in Armenia, including the population disputes in the Nagorno-Karabakh region, the growth of the industrial output, and the meeting of the Union of Armenian Medicine Producers and Importers (UAMPI).

The article presents updates on the political and economic risk, as well as the business environment in Ukraine, including the denial of a state visit for former Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko in Brussels, Belgium, the agreement signed to boost economic relations between Ukraine and Turkey, and the government aid for five strategic sectors of the economy in 2011.

The article presents updates on the political and economic risk, as well as the business environment in Russia, including the suspect behind the bombing at the Domodedovo airport, the rise of unemployment, and an arbitration over a petroleum company.

The article presents updates on the political and economic risk, as well as the business environment in Kazakhstan, including the establishment of a joint regional air defence shield with Russia, the funding of new industrial and financial investments, and the change of stock exchange regulations for domestic firms.

The article focuses on the summary of the short term risk ratings of Mongolia from the forecast of Business Monitor Ltd. (BMI) in various areas such as political risk which acquired 74.0, economic risk has gained 42.1, and business environment with 47.0 risk ratings.

The article focuses on the summary of the short term risk ratings of Moldova from the forecast of Business Monitor Ltd. (BMI) in various areas such as political risk which acquired 40.8, economic risk has gained 30.4, and business environment with 44.0 risk ratings.

The article reports on the political and economic risks in Mongolia which include the survey showing the 35% of Mongolians believe that the country is going in the wrong direction, the decline in inflation, and the recovery in asset and loan growth in the banking sector.

The article reports on the political and economic risks in Belarus which include the expectation of President Alexander Lukashenko that he retains the presidency at elections on December 19, 2010, the country's high current account deficit, and the country's success in combating perceived levels of corruption in the economy.

The article reports on the political and economic risks in Tajikistan including the country's improve cooperation with Afghan counterparts, the visit of Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao, and the 1.7 million U.S. dollars investment of European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) in FG Vavilon.

The article reports on the political and economic risks in Kyrgyzstan which include the death of protesters killed after government forces opened fire during the April 2010 uprisings, the increase in the inflationary pressures, and the announcement made by European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) concerning the revolving credit facility for Canada-based Centerra Gold Inc.

The article reports on the political and economic risks in Armenia including the decision of State Oil Co. of Azerbaijan Republic to acquire a stake in the North-South gas pipeline that runs from Russia to Armenia via Georgia, the economic development in the second quarter of 2010, and the launch Long- Term Evolution services by local mobile operator K-Telecom.

The article reports on the political and economic risks in Kazakhstan which include the announcement made by opposition party leader Vladimir Kozlov that he would be running for presidency in 2012, the country's agreement between Russia and Belarus, and the aim of Kazakh Alliance Bank to focus on growth prospects within the retail sector.

The article reports on the political and economic risks in Russia, indicating that the country is unlikely to benefit from the World Trade Organization (WTO) accession as well as a slowdown in economic activity.

The article reports on the political and economic risks in Ukraine which include the announcement that President Viktor Yanukovich will not attend the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) summit in Lisbon, Portugal on November 19-20, 2010, the approval of the next tranche of the country's Stand-By Arrangement, and the outlook for the country's credit ratings.

The article presents the economic, political, and business environment risk in Belarus which signed up to the customs code of a long-planned customs union with Russia and Kazakhstan on July 5, 2009.

The article presents the political, economic, and business environment risk in Tajikistan in which significant improvement in industrial production indicates strong bounce in economic growth.

The article presents the economic, political, and business environment risk summary in Mongolia which expects a pace of export growth to decline.

The article presents the political, economic, and business environment risk in Armenia in which domestic pressure on the Nagorno-Karabakh dispute continues.

The article presents the political, economic, and business environment risk summary in Kyrgyzstan in which banks and firms associated with trade oriented industries have suffered due to border closures with Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan following the political crisis.

The article presents the short- and long-term political outlook in Ukraine from 2010. It predicts that the country's political risk profile would deteriorate due to the move of President Viktor Yanukovich's allies to win power for the presidency from parliament through the constitutional court. It also views that the attempt of Yanukovich's allies would undermine parliament's credibility which may lead to protests within and outside the parliament.

The article presents the political, economic, and business environment risk summary in Kazakhstan which signed more than 30 separate agreements with Germany.

The article presents the political, economic, and business environment risk summary in Russia in which government revenues rose by 26.2% year-on-year over the first six months of 2010.

The article presents the economic outlook in Russia for 2011. It mentions the ongoing risk on the country's corporate, local, and foreign debt markets and the impact on the expected slowdown in China to the commodity prices and investors sentiment in the country. It also notes that the default on a Eurobond's due by the International Industrial Bank (IIB) in the country will cause investors risk aversion towards Russian fixed income.

The article offers information on the risk summary of Mongolia including its political risk rating as regional outperformer but has weak in social stability, an appeal of its trade union to Mongolian government of not sending workers abroad to South Korea, and the Mongolian State Property Committee (SPC) will begin privatisation of stock exchange.

The article reports that the elevated risk of parliamentary deadlock is expected to continue despite the appointment of a new Alliance for European Integration (AEI) in Moldova. It states that political risks is predicted to mitigate due to the vacancy of the president's position. It emphasizes that the weak policy direction is expected to pose key risks to macroeconomic stability.

The article offers information on the political and economic risks in Ukraine. It states that the campaign for the presidential election is underway, with opposition leader Viktor Yanukovych is ahead of his rival candidates. Moreover, Kiev is planning to privatise Nadra Bank, the country's largest lending institution in 2010. Meanwhile, the National Commission on Communications Regulation (NCCR) is planning to launch a tender for a single universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS) license.

The article highlights the political and economic risks in Russia. It states that the complaints from the opposition parties have influenced President Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev to consider revising the election law. Moreover, the data from the Central Bank of Russia (CRB) ending October 9, 2009 indicates that the Russian foreign exchange reserves has increased to 418.7 billion U.S. dollars. Meanwhile, a protest has been conducted by the workers in Kaliningrad due to the unpaid wages.

The article presents a summary of the political, economic, and business risks in Kazakhstan. Deputy Economy Minister Timur Suleimenov states that his government plans to increase the minerals extraction tax in 2013. The country's inflation rate has fell down to 6.2% in August 2009 from 6.9% in July and 20.1% over the same period in 2008. The BTA Bank JSC has signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) to restructure its debt of 10 billion U.S. dollars to several foreign investors.