10 results on '"Ladhani SN"'
Search Results
2. Increased Incidence of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease among Children after COVID-19 Pandemic, England.
- Author
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Bertran M, Amin-Chowdhury Z, Sheppard CL, Eletu S, Zamarreño DV, Ramsay ME, Litt D, Fry NK, and Ladhani SN
- Subjects
- Child, England epidemiology, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Pandemics, Pneumococcal Vaccines, COVID-19 epidemiology, Pneumococcal Infections epidemiology, Pneumococcal Infections prevention & control
- Abstract
During July-December 2021, after COVID-19 restrictions were removed in England, invasive pneumococcal disease incidence in children <15 years of age was higher (1.96/100,000 children) than during the same period in 2020 (0.7/100,000 children) and in prepandemic years 2017-2019 (1.43/100,000 children). Childhood vaccine coverage should be maintained to protect the population.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Serotype Replacement after Introduction of 10-Valent and 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines in 10 Countries, Europe.
- Author
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Hanquet G, Krizova P, Dalby T, Ladhani SN, Nuorti JP, Danis K, Mereckiene J, Knol MJ, Winje BA, Ciruela P, de Miguel S, Portillo ME, MacDonald L, Morfeldt E, Kozakova J, Valentiner-Branth P, Fry NK, Rinta-Kokko H, Varon E, Corcoran M, van der Ende A, Vestrheim DF, Munoz-Almagro C, Sanz JC, Castilla J, Smith A, Henriques-Normark B, Colzani E, Pastore-Celentano L, and Savulescu C
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Europe epidemiology, Humans, Infant, Middle Aged, Pneumococcal Vaccines, Serogroup, Vaccines, Conjugate, Young Adult, Pneumococcal Infections epidemiology, Pneumococcal Infections prevention & control, Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Abstract
We evaluated invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) during 8 years of infant pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) programs using 10-valent (PCV10) and 13-valent (PCV13) vaccines in 10 countries in Europe. IPD incidence declined during 2011-2014 but increased during 2015-2018 in all age groups. From the 7-valent PCV period to 2018, IPD incidence declined by 42% in children <5 years of age, 32% in persons 5-64 years of age, and 7% in persons >65 years of age; non-PCV13 serotype incidence increased by 111%, 63%, and 84%, respectively, for these groups. Trends were similar in countries using PCV13 or PCV10, despite different serotype distribution. In 2018, serotypes in the 15-valent and 20-valent PCVs represented one third of cases in children <5 years of age and two thirds of cases in persons >65 years of age. Non-PCV13 serotype increases reduced the overall effect of childhood PCV10/PCV13 programs on IPD. New vaccines providing broader serotype protection are needed.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Effect of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines on Pneumococcal Meningitis, England and Wales, July 1, 2000-June 30, 2016.
- Author
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Oligbu G, Collins S, Djennad A, Sheppard CL, Fry NK, Andrews NJ, Borrow R, Ramsay ME, and Ladhani SN
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Child, Child, Preschool, England epidemiology, Female, Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine administration & dosage, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Mass Vaccination, Meningitis, Pneumococcal mortality, Meningitis, Pneumococcal prevention & control, Middle Aged, Vaccines, Conjugate, Wales epidemiology, Young Adult, Meningitis, Pneumococcal epidemiology, Pneumococcal Vaccines administration & dosage, Streptococcus pneumoniae immunology
- Abstract
We describe the effects of the 7-valent (PCV7) and 13-valent (PCV13) pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on pneumococcal meningitis in England and Wales during July 1, 2000-June 30, 2016. Overall, 84,473 laboratory-confirmed invasive pneumococcal disease cases, including 4,160 (4.9%) cases with meningitis, occurred. PCV7 implementation in 2006 did not lower overall pneumococcal meningitis incidence because of replacement with non-PCV7-type meningitis incidence. Replacement with PCV13 in 2010, however, led to a 48% reduction in pneumococcal meningitis incidence by 2015-16. The overall case-fatality rate was 17.5%: 10.7% among patients <5 years of age, 17.3% among patients 5-64 years of age, and 31.9% among patients >65 years of age. Serotype 8 was associated with increased odds of death (adjusted odds ratio 2.9, 95% CI 1.8-4.7). In England and Wales, an effect on pneumococcal meningitis was observed only after PCV13 implementation. Further studies are needed to assess pneumococcal meningitis caused by the replacing serotypes.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Rapid Spread of Pneumococcal Nonvaccine Serotype 7C Previously Associated with Vaccine Serotype 19F, England and Wales.
- Author
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Makwana A, Ladhani SN, Kapatai G, Campion E, Fry NK, and Sheppard C
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Child, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, England epidemiology, Female, Genome, Bacterial, Humans, Male, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Middle Aged, Phylogeny, Pneumococcal Infections epidemiology, Pneumococcal Infections microbiology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Population Surveillance, Serogroup, Streptococcus pneumoniae classification, Streptococcus pneumoniae drug effects, Streptococcus pneumoniae genetics, Wales epidemiology, Whole Genome Sequencing, Pneumococcal Infections prevention & control, Pneumococcal Infections transmission, Pneumococcal Vaccines immunology, Streptococcus pneumoniae immunology, Vaccines, Conjugate immunology
- Abstract
We observed a sudden and rapid increase in rare invasive pneumococcal disease serotype 7C, from an annual average of 3 cases during 2000-01 through 2015-16 to 29 cases in 2016-17. The increase was caused almost entirely by clonal expansion of sequence type 177, previously associated with vaccine serotype 19F.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Meningococcal Group W Disease in Infants and Potential Prevention by Vaccination.
- Author
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Parikh SR, Campbell H, Beebeejaun K, Ribeiro S, Gray SJ, Borrow R, Ramsay ME, and Ladhani SN
- Subjects
- England epidemiology, Humans, Infant, Meningococcal Infections epidemiology, Meningococcal Infections immunology, Neisseria meningitidis immunology, Vaccination, Meningococcal Infections microbiology, Meningococcal Infections prevention & control, Meningococcal Vaccines immunology, Neisseria meningitidis classification
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Effectiveness of Meningococcal B Vaccine against Endemic Hypervirulent Neisseria meningitidis W Strain, England.
- Author
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Ladhani SN, Giuliani MM, Biolchi A, Pizza M, Beebeejaun K, Lucidarme J, Findlow J, Ramsay ME, and Borrow R
- Subjects
- Antibodies, Bacterial blood, Antibodies, Bacterial immunology, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Neisseria meningitidis classification, Neisseria meningitidis genetics, United Kingdom epidemiology, Vaccination, Cross Reactions immunology, Meningitis, Meningococcal prevention & control, Meningococcal Vaccines immunology, Neisseria meningitidis immunology
- Abstract
Serum samples from children immunized with a meningococcal serogroup B vaccine demonstrated potent serum bactericidal antibody activity against the hypervirulent Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W strain circulating in England. The recent introduction of this vaccine into the United Kingdom national immunization program should also help protect infants against this endemic strain.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Invasive pneumococcal disease after routine pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in children, England and Wales.
- Author
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Ladhani SN, Slack MP, Andrews NJ, Waight PA, Borrow R, and Miller E
- Subjects
- Acute Disease, Child, Preschool, Comorbidity, England epidemiology, Female, Heart Defects, Congenital mortality, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Male, Meningitis, Pneumococcal immunology, Meningitis, Pneumococcal mortality, Neoplasms mortality, Pneumonia, Pneumococcal immunology, Pneumonia, Pneumococcal mortality, Risk Factors, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Serotyping, Streptococcus pneumoniae pathogenicity, Survival Analysis, Vaccination, Vaccines, Conjugate, Wales epidemiology, Heart Defects, Congenital epidemiology, Meningitis, Pneumococcal epidemiology, Meningitis, Pneumococcal prevention & control, Neoplasms epidemiology, Pneumococcal Vaccines immunology, Pneumonia, Pneumococcal epidemiology, Pneumonia, Pneumococcal prevention & control, Streptococcus pneumoniae immunology
- Abstract
We assessed known risk factors, clinical presentation, and outcome of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in children 3-59 months of age after introduction of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in England and Wales. During September 2006-March 2010, a total of 1,342 IPD episodes occurred in 1,332 children; 14.9% (198/1,332) had comorbidities. Compared with IPD caused by PCV7 serotypes (44/248; 17.7%), comorbidities were less common for the extra 3 serotypes in the 10-valent vaccine (15/299; 5.0%) but similar to the 3 additional PCV13 serotypes (45/336; 13.4%) and increased for the 11 extra serotypes in 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) (39/186; 21.0%) and non-PPV23 serotypes (38/138; 27.5%). Fifty-two (3.9%) cases resulted from PCV7 failure; 9 (0.7%) case-patients had recurrent IPD. Case-fatality rate was 4.4% (58/1,332) but higher for meningitis (11.0%) and children with comorbidities (9.1%). Thus, comorbidities were more prevalent in children with IPD caused by non-PCV13 serotypes and were associated with increased case fatality.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Invasive Haemophilus influenzae serotype e and f disease, England and Wales.
- Author
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Ladhani SN, Collins S, Vickers A, Litt DJ, Crawford C, Ramsay ME, and Slack MP
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Child, Child, Preschool, England epidemiology, Haemophilus influenzae genetics, Haemophilus influenzae isolation & purification, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Middle Aged, Multilocus Sequence Typing, Serotyping, Wales epidemiology, Young Adult, Haemophilus Infections epidemiology, Haemophilus influenzae classification
- Abstract
Haemophilus influenzae infection causes serious invasive disease, but incidence of the most virulent serotype, Hib, has dropped since introduction of routine Hib vaccination. In England and Wales, the incidence of 2 other serotypes, Hie and Hif, is increasing; during 2001-2010, there was an 11.0% year-on-year increase in Hif and a 7.4% increase in Hie. In 2009-2010, Hif incidence was 0.090/100,000 persons and Hie incidence 0.030/100,000, with higher rates among infants and older adults. Hie had a more severe clinical course; although outcome at 6 months was comparable for the 2 serotypes, case-fatality rate within 7 days of diagnosis was higher for Hie, even after adjustment for age and comorbidities. Multilocus sequence typing revealed a single major circulating clone for both Hif (sequence type 124; 89/99 isolates, 90%) and Hie (sequence type 18; 21/33, 64%), but no association between type and clinical disease or outcome was found.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Invasive meningococcal capsular group Y disease, England and Wales, 2007-2009.
- Author
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Ladhani SN, Lucidarme J, Newbold LS, Gray SJ, Carr AD, Findlow J, Ramsay ME, Kaczmarski EB, and Borrow R
- Subjects
- Acyltransferases genetics, Acyltransferases metabolism, Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Bacterial Proteins genetics, Bacterial Proteins metabolism, Child, Child, Preschool, England epidemiology, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Middle Aged, Mutation, Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup Y classification, Population Surveillance, Time Factors, Wales epidemiology, Young Adult, Meningococcal Infections epidemiology, Meningococcal Infections microbiology, Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup Y isolation & purification
- Abstract
Enhanced national surveillance for invasive meningococcal disease in England and Wales identified an increase in laboratory-confirmed capsular group Y (MenY) disease from 34 cases in 2007 to 44 in 2008 and 65 in 2009. For cases diagnosed in 2009, patient median age at disease onset was 60 years; 39% of patients had underlying medical conditions, and 19% died. MenY isolates causing invasive disease during 2007-2009 belonged mainly to 1 of 4 clonal complexes (cc), cc23 (56% of isolates), cc174 (21%), cc167 (11%), and cc22 (8%). The 2009 increase resulted primarily from sequence type 1655 (cc23) (22 cases in 2009, compared with 4 cases each in 2007 and 2008). cc23 was associated with lpxL1 mutations and meningitis in younger age groups (<25 years); cc174 was associated with nonmeningitis, particularly pneumonia, in older age groups (>65 years). The increase in MenY disease requires careful epidemiologic and molecular monitoring.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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