In the early twenty-first century, the Romanian population in Spain showed a spectacular increase. It is now the largest group of foreign population and also the most geographically dispersed. The aim of this paper is to analyze the spatial structure of internal migration by Romanians between 2001 and 2007. Data from the Statistics of Residential Variations produced by the National Institute of Statistics (INE, Instituto Nacional de Estadística) which registers municipal residents was used. The results show the sharp increase of mobility, the predominance of short-distance movements, which take place within the same province and neighbouring provinces, and the role of Madrid and the Mediterranean coast in the redistribution of interprovincial Romanian population in Spain. Geographic mobility is due to the pursuit of better living conditions, which is related to the labour market and housing, as well as social networks and the attitudes of society and local authorities towards foreigners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]