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In recent years, China has increasingly emphasized green development. Therefore, it is of theoretical and practical significance to study the green economic effect and carbon reduction effect of tourism development for the transformation of economic development. Using the superefficient EBM to measure the green economic efficiency of 280 cities from 2007–2019, we rely on the spatial Durbin model to explore the spatial spillover utility and nonlinear characteristic relationship of tourism development on green economic efficiency and carbon emission intensity and test the mediating effect of carbon emission intensity. The findings are as follows: (1) Under the exogenous shock test of the "low-carbon city" pilot policy, the spatial spillover effect of tourism development on urban green economic efficiency and carbon emission intensity is robust to spatial heterogeneity. (2) The spatial spillover effects of tourism development on the green economic efficiency and carbon emission intensity of cities show a nonlinear characteristic relationship of "U" and "M" shapes. After tourism development reaches a certain high level, the green economy effect and carbon emission reduction effect are significantly increased. (3) Carbon emission intensity has a significant mediating effect on the impact of tourism development on urban green economic efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CCUS-EOR is a crucial technology for reducing carbon emissions and enhancing reservoir recovery. It enables the achievement of dual objectives: improving economic efficiency and protecting the environment. To explore a set of CCUS-EOR reservoir screening criteria suitable for continental reservoirs in China, this study investigated and compared the CCUS-EOR reservoir screening criteria outside and in China, sorted out the main reservoir parameters that affect CO2 flooding, and optimized the indices and scope of CCUS-EOR reservoir screening criteria in China. The weights of parameters with respect to their influences on CCUS-EOR were determined through principal component analysis. The results show that there are 14 key parameters affecting CO2 flooding, which can be categorized into four levels. For the first level, the crude oil-CO2 miscibility index holds the greatest weight of 0.479. It encompasses seven parameters: initial formation pressure, current formation pressure, temperature, depth, C2–C15 molar content, residual oil saturation, and minimum miscibility pressure. The second level consists of the crude oil mobility index, which has a weight of 0.249. This index includes four parameters: porosity, permeability, density, and viscosity. The third level pertains to the index of reservoir tectonic characteristics, with a weight of 0.141. It comprises two parameters: permeability variation coefficient and average effective thickness. Lastly, the fourth level focuses on the index of reservoir property change, with a weight of 0.131, which solely considers the pressure maintenance level. Based on the CCUS-EOR reservoir screening criteria and index weights established in this study, comprehensive scores for CCUS-EOR were calculated for six blocks in China. Among these, five blocks are deemed suitable for CCUS-EOR. Based on the comprehensive scoring results, a planning for field application of CCUS-EOR is proposed. The study provides a rational method to evaluate the CCUS-EOR reservoir screening and field application in continental reservoirs in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China has committed to ambitious targets to reduce its carbon emissions in the next decades, in order to combat climate change and improve the environment. The realization of the targets depends on the fair and effective mitigation plans of all provinces. However, with varying ecological and environmental conditions and social-economic development, it is a critical issue to quantify the provinces' efforts equally. This paper proposed a comprehensive fE index in coordinating ecology, equity and economy, by accounting for carbon emissions and sinks to characterize provincial carbon emission status in China, from 2000 to 2017, which shows a spatial pattern of "boundary high, central low". The provinces with higher fE value (>1.5) in boundary areas can be seen as "relative equality" provinces with good ecology circulation, equity and economic efficiency. The provinces with lower fE value (<0.7) in central areas around Bohai Bay are regarded as "severe inequality" provinces, and are identified as the hot-spot provinces, which have emitted more CO2 than their equity share by occupying the carbon emission space of other provinces in recent decades. These results could provide a reference for a provincial guide for carbon reduction and sustainable development of the low-carbon economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the countries with the most rapid development of new energy, China has been committed to exploring countermeasures to the challenges of new energy consumption. After more than ten years of consideration and consultation, the "renewable portfolio standard"(RPS) for "renewable energy power consumption responsibility weighting" has landed in China. However, in the official affirmation issued by the National Energy Administration, theoretical support for the basis of the initial quota allocation is still lacking. In this study, we examine the efficiency of the weight allocation scheme for renewable energy power consumption responsibilities, which was announced by the National Energy Administration in 2018 and which is based on the BCC-DEA efficiency model. The results indicate that most provinces have low allocation efficiency under this allocation scheme. Therefore, we propose an optimal allocation scheme for a renewable energy consumption quota, based on the ZSG-DEA model. With the achievement of its target, this study's allocation scheme would ensure 100% efficiency in all provinces, improve provincial economic efficiency, and simultaneously bring economic growth. After analyzing the fairness before and after adjustment of the RPS, our findings suggest that the adjusted RPS allocation scheme can promote equity in per capita renewable electricity consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Measuring changes in energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions of various large economies is fundamental for analyzing the impact and effectiveness of various policies in this direction. This study analyzes intertemporal changes in energy and CO2 emissions efficiency of economies by applying a network data envelopment analysis approach that takes into consideration the internal structure of the analysis units. We have applied two divisional network data envelopment analysis models for analysis of the economic and distributive efficiency of economies from 2001 to 2011. The results are very useful in analyzing the situation; we found that none of the economies was efficient in both aspects in the sample period, implying that none of the countries in the analysis was efficient in the production and distribution of economic outputs simultaneously. Brazil, Canada, China and Germany showed improvement in economic efficiency but the distribution efficiency of the most of the economies is low because of the increase in population and high-income class. Most of the countries had an increase in the high-income class but China performed better in the second division because it has managed to improve its middle-income class in the recent past by moving more people from low-income class to middle income class. It is suggested that countries should emphasize on economic restructuring and expansion of the middle-income class to improve their performance in the production and distribution of economic outputs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]