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Start Over Topic greenhouse gases Language undetermined Journal energy
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1. Operation method study based on the energy balance of an independent microgrid using solar-powered water electrolyzer and an electric heat pump

Author

Shin'ya Obara, Balaji Rengarajan, and Seizi Watanabe

Subjects
Back-up systems, Central systems, Cold regions, Distributed power systems, Distributed systems, Electric heat, Electrolyzers, Energy needs, Energy supplies, Energy utilization efficiency, Exhaust heat, Green energy, Heat balance, Heat pumps, Microgrid, Operation methods, Partial load, Photovoltaic, Photovoltaics, Solar-powered, Alternative fuels, Electrolytic cells, Energy utilization, Gas emissions, Genetic algorithms, Global warming, Greenhouse gases, Heat pump systems, Photovoltaic effects, Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), Pumps, Solar energy, distribution system, energy flow, experimental study, genetic algorithm, greenhouse gas, heat balance, photovoltaic system, pumping, solar power, Engineering, Distributed power system, Energy balance, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Automotive engineering, law.invention, law, Solar cell, Energy supply, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Water electrolyzer, Civil and Structural Engineering, Waste management, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Photovoltaic system, Building and Construction, Pollution, Renewable energy, General Energy, Genetic algorithm, business, Heat pump
Abstract

A completely energy-independent microgrid (green microgrid) was examined in this work with the aims of abating greenhouse gas emissions by spreading the use of green energy, providing energy backup systems for disaster, and increasing the energy utilization efficiency with the use of exhaust heat. This paper analyzed the energy supply to six houses in a cold region. The green microgrid consisted of photovoltaics, water electrolyzers, proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEFCs), and heat pumps. To investigate the operation method and the capacity of each piece of equipment in the arrangement, a distributed system with two or more sets of equipment and a central system with one set of equipment were analyzed by a genetic algorithm. By introducing the prior energy need pattern of a cold region into the proposed system, the operation method and equipment capacity based on the power and heat balance were clarified. By introducing the partial load performance of a water electrolyzer and a PEFC into the analysis program, the operation method of each system was investigated. It was found that the area of a solar cell of a distributed system could be reduced by 12% as compared to a central system. � 2011 Elsevier Ltd.

Published
2011

2. The role of technology development in greenhouse gas emissions reduction: The case of Finland

Author

Ilkka Savolainen, Antti Lehtilä, and Sanna Syri

Subjects
CLIMTECH, Natural resource economics, Greenhouse, Climate change, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, greenhouse gases, SDG 13 - Climate Action, SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, renewable energy sources, Greenhouse effect, Civil and Structural Engineering, Wind power, carbon dioxide capture, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Environmental engineering, carbon dioxide, greenhouse effect, Building and Construction, Pollution, Renewable energy, Offshore wind power, climate change, General Energy, Biofuel, Greenhouse gas, Environmental science, business
Abstract

This paper presents results from a total of 27 projects from the Finnish CLIMTECH technology program. These were used to investigate the prospects of greenhouse gas-mitigation technologies under Finnish conditions, including all emissions sources and all Kyoto gases. The estimated impacts of climate change on the energy system were also taken into account in the analysis. Systematic investments in technology development were found to yield substantial benefits in the long term by decreasing emissions reduction costs and by facilitating more ambitious reduction targets. Advanced biofuel production and utilization technologies, as well as offshore wind power, have proved to have the largest potential by the 2030s. Results also indicated a clear relationship between technological development and national emissions-trading patterns.

Published
2005