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The synergistic operation of integrated electricity and natural gas systems (IEGS) in the presence of wind power necessitates a distributed optimization framework that ensures information privacy. However, incorporating wind power penetration leads to distributed optimization problems including uncertainty and unstable distributed algorithm's convergence. With the increasing proportion of wind power in IEGS, fluctuating wind power penetration highly affects the convergence of distributed optimization solutions, resulting in uncontrollable optimization time of the distributed algorithm. Accordingly, this paper investigates the impact of wind fluctuation and uncertainty on distributed IEGS optimization and proposes a novel fast distributed co-optimization framework. Specifically, an adaptive alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is developed to accommodate wind fluctuation. Based on designed rules, the penalty parameter is updated in every step to maximize the gradient of the optimization objective. The experiments are conducted using real wind power generation data sourced from a wind farm in Australia and a classical IEGS framework composed of the IEEE 24-bus electricity system and a 12-node natural gas system. Compared to original ADMM and residual balancing ADMM, the proposed framework achieves an average reduction of 0–91.4% in the number of iterative steps for multiple solution iterations across various scenarios, with a corresponding decrease in the standard deviation by 13.8%–93.0%. • Fast and stable convergence of IEGS distributed optimization problem. • ADMM with an adaptive penalty parameter guarantees the convergence. • Update rate further improves the sensibility of the penalty parameter. • Mean value and standard deviation of running iterations significantly decrease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Australia's east coast gas market has faced transformational shifts in demand with the commencement of three Liquefied Natural Gas facilities in Queensland. Faced with risks of high domestic prices and potential gas shortages, political intervention has been considered as a possible solution. This paper investigates the impact of network interconnectivity on domestic gas prices by employing a long-term planning model underpinned by mathematical optimisation. At optimal system cost, improved network interconnectivity can provide material and sustained price reductions for the gas market with potential flow-on reductions to the electricity market. Increased connectivity is shown to deliver reductions of over $2/GJ in average gas prices across the eastern seaboard, with a subsequent reduction in electricity prices across all mainland National Electricity Market (NEM) regions. The results also highlight the need to unlock new supply as new transmission projects, though having the potential to reduce gas prices through market connectivity, rely on adequate supply to meet long term demand, and sustain market balance. Highlights • Improved network interconnectivity can provide material and sustained price reductions. • Potential reductions of over $2/GJ in average gas prices on the eastern seaboard. • Wallumbilla-Newcastle Gas Pipeline seen to have most value from system and investor perspective. • Flow-on electricity price reductions up to 19% depending on generator bidding behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyse whether the Australian commitment to the Paris Agreement in 2016 and national energy policies will have a visible effect in decreasing the historical dependence of the NEM (National Electricity Market) on fossil fuels by 2030 and consequently decreasing the carbon emissions generated. In this paper, we model the 2030 electricity mix in the NEM in Australia. EnergyPlan , which is the modelling tool adopted for this study, is described and a reference model is conceived and calibrated based on the 2018 electricity situation on the NEM. The simulations are implemented considering three different supply scenarios and three potential electricity demands, to evaluate how different variables can influence the NEM electricity mix by 2030. This study concludes that by 2030 wind and solar power (including rooftop-PV systems) will be the major renewable energy contributors in the NEM, as opposed to 2018 where hydropower represented the main renewable energy source. Nonetheless, the electricity system in 2030 will continue to rely on fossil fuels, which will account for more than 50% of the final energy mix in every scenario, depicting that new efforts will still be needed beyond 2030. • We foresee the electricity mix in Australia by 2030. • We study three generation and three demand scenarios. • Fossil fuels will still account for more than 50% of the final electricity mix. • We expect a visible CO2 emissions reduction, due to the bet in RES in recent years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incentive schemes and policies play an important role in reducing carbon emissions from electricity generation. This paper investigates designing tax and subsidy incentives towards a reliable and low emission electricity market, using Australia's National Electricity Market as a case study. In this work, a novel framework is proposed to design interactive tax/subsidy incentives on both emission reduction and resource adequacy in competitive electricity markets as a game model. In our model, market participants decide on their capacity expansion/retirement strategies considering the impact of designed incentive schemes on their long-term operation such that the desired levels of emission reduction and fast response generation are achieved in the network. The simulation results for Australia's electricity market during 2017–2052, indicate the necessity of incentive policies, in spite of the cost reduction trajectory for renewable technologies, to reach the emission intensity reduction above 45% in the market by 2052. In 80% emission intensity reduction scenario, the designed incentive schemes highly encourage the investment on synchronous renewables, +17 GW, storage technologies, +15.7 GW, and transmission lines, +1.6 GW, to support high additional penetration of Variable Renewable Energy, wind and solar, +39 GW, which paves the way to transition to a green and reliable electricity market. • Our model designs emission abatement and reliability schemes in electricity markets. • The schemes are designed considering the strategic behaviour of market players. • The designed emission policies must be dynamic due to outage of aging generators. • Reliability schemes are taken into account to enable high penetration of renewables. • Emission abatement schemes might lower the average prices at some years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]