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This article is devoted to discussing the feasibility and the optimal scheme to implement an electric-thermal carbon emissions neutral industrial park and perform a 3E analysis on various scenarios. A carbon emissions neutral framework of electric-thermal hydrogen-based containing MILP energy optimisation model is constructed. Photovoltaic power generation, electrolysis hydrogen production are considered in the model. There is an optimal scheme for realising carbon emissions neutrality in industrial parks, which will cost a relatively high price and the compromise scheme which can implement low carbon emissions is also worth studying. The results of the real-world case show that the present value of the cost of achieving carbon emissions neutrality is $ 8.61 billion (109). The scheme presents a compromise between environment and economy will cost $3.95 billion while bringing a 61 % reduction in emission compared with the baseline, which relies upon on-grid and natural gas. And the scheme is most affordable when hydrogen energy accounts for 95 %. Finally, in order to verify the generalisation of the roadmap, the analysis method has been applied to other industrial park cases of typical cities around the world, and the feasibility of achieving the carbon emissions near-neutral goal in these areas is evaluated. • A roadmap covered schemes of compromised low carbon and carbon emissions neutral was proposed. • A carbon emissions neutral framework of an electric-thermal hydrogen-based system is constructed. • An overall 3E analysis method coupled with an optimisation model is proposed. • Scheme to achieve carbon emissions neutral of an industrial park and various scenarios were studied. • Feasibility analysis of carbon emissions neutral cases along with typical cities worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In coal-dominated regions, hydrogen by-product from refineries can be used to replace coal as heating fuel. This can be a viable method for reducing CO 2 emissions. Given that hydrogen injection into existing natural gas pipeline networks is an economical way to utilise this clean gas, this paper explores its benefits by studying its supply chain optimisation and analysing its reliability. First, a mixed-integer linear programming model is developed to minimise transport and dissatisfaction costs. Material balance, supply and transport of natural gas, operation of pipeline networks, and hydrogen injection are considered as constraints. The operating plans of a regional natural gas supply chain (NGSC), with and without hydrogen injection, are optimised. Then, three types of indicators – economic indices, coal and hydrogen as percentages of total energy consumption, and CO 2 emissions – are applied to compare the performance of the NGSC in different situations. A case verifies the proposed model and shows the influence of utilising hydrogen in an NGSC. The optimal operating plans under one standard and two non-standard conditions are calculated, and the reliability of the supply chain is analysed. Results illustrate that injecting hydrogen in the NGSC is beneficial in reducing CO 2 emissions and operating costs. • Implementing hydrogen by-product to replace the coal reduces CO 2 emissions. • A Framework is proposed to evaluate the economic and environmental benefits. • An MILP model is developed to minimise transport and dissatisfaction costs. • A case is studied to show the influence of utilising hydrogen on an NGSC. • The performance of the NGSC in several conditions are analysed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]