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Due to the intermittence and fluctuation of wind resource, the increasing penetration level of wind power will bring huge challenges to maintain the stability of power system. In order to smooth the wind power output, additional controllable power from conventional power plant or energy storage system is required. In current paper, one basic scheme of liquid carbon dioxide storage system is proposed. The parametric analysis is conducted to examine the effect of some key thermodynamic parameters on the performance of this scheme. Subsequently, the basic scheme is improved according to the results. The mathematical models of two improved schemes are developed and the performance analyses are conducted. According to the results, the optimal scheme and configuration are determined. After optimization analysis and comparison analysis, compared to the other energy storage systems, the round trip efficiency of Scheme 3 is acceptable in consideration of the energy generated per unit volume of storage. As a conclusion, the optimal scheme has a good potential for storing wind power in large scale and offers an attractive solution to the challenges of the increasing penetration level of wind power.

Integrating energy storage system into wind system can mitigate the negative effects caused by the intermittent wind. In addition, the spectrum analysis of wind power implies that the hybrid energy storage system may have better performance on smoothing out the wind power fluctuations than the independent energy storage system. The main advantage of the hybrid energy storage system is the multi-response speeds. Also, the hybrid energy storage system often operates in the modes switch, partial load and frequent start/stop conditions. Thus, the dynamic behaviors of each devices and the assembly of hybrid energy storage system are important for the system operation and control system design. The design, off-design analysis and parametric analysis of a wind-hybrid energy storage system consisting an A-CAES (adiabatic compressed air energy storage) system and a FESS (flywheel energy storage system) based on spectrum analysis method are carried out in the previous paper (P Zhao et al., 2014). This paper will conduct a preliminary dynamic behaviors analysis of the proposed wind-hybrid energy storage system based on the dynamic models. The simulation results indicate that the total power of wind-hybrid energy storage system can fit the load requirement well, providing an efficient power management for wind power penetration.