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• POE was carried out to compare the design target and operational effect after use. • A Large Irregular Green Commercial Building was chosen for in-depth analysis. • We recommend the building energy saving and carbon emission reduction strategy. Commercial buildings, especially large irregular commercial buildings with complex space and dense occupation, have high energy consumption and carbon emissions. Moreover, the actual operating performance differs significantly from its design, in terms of energy conservation and carbon emissions. This study selected an irregular large-scale green commercial building in Dalian, a coastal city in the cold zone of China. The running energy consumption and indoor physical environment were investigated and analyzed, and a satisfaction survey was conducted using the Post-occupancy evaluation (POE) methods. The promotion strategies of holistic design were proposed by comparing the operational building performance with the design target. The research shows that the energy consumption of the building was 68.02 kWh/m2, which failed to meet the standard requirements. The carbon emission was 74.76 kgCO 2 /m2. Less than 10 % of humidity in summer fell in the expected range, and the lowest value of PM 2.5 concentration in winter was 28.3 %. The score of indoor environmental quality and service satisfaction was low. This paper identifies the problems and analyzes the differences between the operation stage and design phase. It provides recommendations and guidelines for optimizing the carbon emission and indoor environment based on the performance improvement of building operational conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The temporal and spatial distribution of thermal comfort of four typical block models of a cold-region city was indicated by using PET simulation. • The important microclimate factors affecting the thermal comfort of the blocks were verified through ENVI-met simulation and Pearson correlation analysis. • The improvement strategies of block thermal comfort are proposed based on the visual models. A block is an urban construction of land surrounded by roads and its internal buildings and environment. It is an essential element of modern cities and the most direct way to perceive the urban living environment. The thermal comfort of a block is a crucial indicator for building a healthy and comfortable urban life. This study examined Dalian, a cold-region city in China, to put forward research on thermal comfort improvement strategies. In this paper, four typical blocks were selected to simulate the microclimate by ENVI-met, and the physiological equivalent temperature (PET) was calculated. Through the simplified model, the thermal comfort building strategy suitable for Dalian was explored, and the effectiveness was verified. The results show that direct solar radiation and wind speed are the critical factors for the thermal comfort of the settlements residents. The building orientation, sunshine spacing coefficient, and building layout will affect the thermal environment of the block through these two factors. The outdoor thermal environment in Dalian can be improved by adjusting the orientation of buildings away from the traditional south direction, increasing the sunshine spacing coefficient, dislocating buildings, or adopting a peripheral-type building layout. This study can provide a scientific basis for building healthy and comfortable urban living environments and block development and renovation decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]