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The central and local policies have played an important role in the implementation of rural clean heating, and have also accelerated the improvement of air quality in Northern China. Among these policies, the subsidy policies have the most significant impact on rural clean heating. However, due to some inappropriate subsidy policies, they have also caused many problems, such as the reburning of scattered coal. To effectively solve the current problems and further optimize the subsidy policies, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is selected as the research object in the present paper to evaluate the subsidy policies of rural clean heating, and analyze the insufficiency of central policies as well as the burden of subsidy on local finance. The results show that there is an issue of inequality on the central subsidy policies of rural clean heating, and a huge difference in the central government's subsidy amount per household more than 8 times between different cities. In terms of the local subsidy policies, the ratio of clean heating subsidy to local fiscal expenditure fluctuate more and more from the province, city to county level, and some counties have been at a high fiscal pressure level. Based on the current situation of rural clean heating in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, it is suggested to optimize the subsidy policies systematically from the optimization of work goals, the adjustment of central policies, the improvement of local policies and the enhancement of policy assessment. This study is aimed to provide references for the policy optimization of rural clean heating in Northern China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]