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This paper investigates factors associated with variation in daily total (electricity and gas) energy consumption in domestic buildings using linked pre-COVID-19 smart meter, weather, building thermal characteristics, and socio-technical survey data covering appliance ownership, demographics, behaviours, and attitudes for two nested sub-samples of 1418 and 682 British households selected from the Smart Energy Research Laboratory (SERL) Observatory panel. Linear mixed effects modelling resulted in adjusted R2 between 63% and 80% depending on sample size and combinations of contextual data used. Increased daily energy consumption was significantly associated (p -value < 0.05, VIF < 5) with: households living in buildings with more rooms and bedrooms, that are older, more detached, have air-conditioning, and experience colder (more heating degree days) or less sunny weather; households with more adult occupants, more children, older adult occupants, higher heating temperature setpoints, and that do not try to save energy. The results demonstrate the value of smart meter data linked with contextual data for improving understanding of energy demand in British housing. Accredited UK researchers are invited to apply to access the data, which has recently been updated to include over 13,000 households from across Great Britain. This paper provides guidance on appropriate methods to use when analysing the data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In practice, monthly temperature records play a major role calculating the heating and cooling degree-days of the air conditioner management in buildings. Classically, heating and cooling degree calculations are based on the comparison of outdoor temperature measurements with a standard level called the base temperature. Truncating the temperature series at a constant base temperature causes heating (deficits) and cooling (surpluses) degrees. Since outdoor temperature records are of random character, future predictions with probabilistic and statistical methods are convenient means for calculations. All previous methodologies in the literature are based on crisp logic with simple mathematical calculations. This paper proposes a new methodological approach by converting the actual temperature record probability distribution function (PDF) into a probabilistic standardized degree indicator (SDI) in normal (Gaussian) PDF form with zero mean and unit standard deviation. Furthermore, as a new evaluation methodology fuzzy logic inference calculations are provided. SDI is divided into seven classes, three for cooling, heating, and a single class for uncooled-unheated states. Heating and cooling degree changes according to SDI values are presented with crisp and fuzzy sets. The application of the methodology is made for Kadıköy urban area on the Asian side of Istanbul, Turkey. In the case of fuzzy set SDI air conditioned operation, it has been determined that there is cooling energy saving of approximately 25% compared to the crisp set. The same is true for the heating degree-day side. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]