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• Oil fume control, thermal comfort and energy of commercial kitchen are explored. • Demand exhaust rate of fume hood is determined on oil control effect. • Conditioned air supply parameters are determined on thermal comfort. • On-demand ventilation reduces ventilation and air conditioning energy by 71.16%. • Airflow optimization reduces airflow by 20% and energy by 50.81%. To analyze the energy-saving potential of commercial kitchen ventilation and air-conditioning (VAC) systems and to create a good kitchen environment, this paper calculates the key influential parameters of the exhaust air volume and air supply temperature through CFD simulation. The former depends on the fume control effect and is closely related to the make-up air method, while the latter is governed by the thermal comfort. The energy consumption under different operational strategies is calculated using EnergyPlus. The following conclusions were obtained: (1) By summing the demand exhaust rate of the cookers with that of the fume hoods during the operation of multiple cookers, the pollution control effect can still be satisfied. Moreover, the airflow can be reduced by 20% through airflow optimization. (2) During summer, the conditioned airflow should constitute 30% of the total make-up air volume, with an air supply temperature of 22 ℃. Conversely, in winter, the conditioned airflow should comprise 40% of the total make-up air volume, with an air supply temperature of 14 ℃. (3) It is advisable to use a personalized conditioned air supply to create a local thermal environment, effectively reducing the energy consumption of ventilation and air conditioning systems. The energy-saving rates achieved through airflow optimization and on-demand ventilation are 51% and 71%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The potential of energy saving by using adaptive setpoint temperatures. • The influence of thermostats according to their accuracy: 0.1, 0.5, and 1 °C. • The analysis of two case studies in the current scenarios, 2050 and 2100. • The 0.5 and 1 °C thermostats achieved energy savings of more than 40%. Building energy performance should be improved to reduce the impact of climate change. The energy saving potential has been recently proved with adaptive setpoint temperatures. However, the accuracy of thermostats hinders the achievement of the energy saving obtained in previous studies. For this reason, this paper studies the influence of three types of thermostats according to their configuration accuracy: 0.1, 0.5, and 1 °C. Two case studies (with and without retrofitting) were analysed in three cities in the current scenario, in 2050, and in 2100. The results showed that the implementation of adaptive setpoint temperatures in thermostats of 0.1 °C virtually obtains the same savings as the direct application of thermal comfort limits. Nevertheless, obtaining considerable energy savings in the other two thermostats depends on the type of energy consumption, climate, and the category of the thermal comfort model. The application of adaptive setpoint temperatures in air conditioning systems obtains energy savings greater than 40%, regardless of the type of thermostat and category, whereas in heating systems, only the category III obtains energy savings with old thermostats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]