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Abstract: A lecture theatre with dimension 16m×8.4m×3.6m located at Roorkee (28.58°N, 77.20°E) in the northern region of India, is selected to calculate the monthly and annual cooling load (kWh) and cooling capacity of air conditioning system by a computer simulation. The paper also presents the results of a study investigating the effect of different glazing systems on windows and the reduction in building cooling load. DesignBuilder software has been used for the computer simulation for calculating the cooling load. The paper aims to investigate the reduction in thermal gains and cooling load requirements by varying the U-values of different glazing types, insulating the ceiling, providing cool roofs, interior and exterior insulation on walls, and replacing the conventional fluorescent tube lamp (FTL) by energy efficient compact fluorescent lamp (CFL). Installation of false ceiling, wall insulation, different glazing types and lighting systems are cost effective with normalized annual saving ranging from 17% to 19.8% from this retrofitting project. Furthermore, the study also highlights the potential of reducing the emission of CO2 and equivalent carbon credit. Retrofitting techniques strongly influence the level of energy saving, although the payback period is generally quite long of order 8years. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper explores the current state-of-the-art in performance indicators and use of probabilistic approaches used in climate change impact studies. It presents a critical review of recent publications in this field, focussing on (1) metrics for energy use for heating and cooling, emissions, overheating and high-level performance aspects, and (2) uptake of uncertainty and risk analysis. This is followed by a case study, which is used to explore some of the contextual issues around the broader uptake of climate change impact studies in practice. The work concludes that probabilistic predictions of the impact of climate change are feasible, but only based on strict and explicitly stated assumptions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The impact of natural ventilation of a roof cavity on improvement of the thermal environment and reduction of cooling load of a factory building is discussed. A computer program was developed with the logic in a companion paper to observe the effect of cavity ventilation on the operative temperature of the occupied zone in the factory. Comparisons were made between factories with a cavity roof and a single roof in the Japanese climate. Results showed that the cavity roof was superior to the single roof in lowering the operative temperature by about 4.4°C. When the factory was air conditioned, the cooling load reduction reached approximately 50% during the summer to maintain an operative temperature of 26°C. Results showed that a naturally ventilated cavity roof has excellent potential for improving the indoor thermal environment and energy savings of factory buildings without complicated cooling installations and life time power consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]