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The paper presents the results of 1-year measurement of indoor environment parameters (temperature, relative humidity, CO 2 concentration) in exhibition rooms of one Polish museum in various periods of the year, and the results of simulation on thermal model of this building. The influence of a temperature control scheme in museum rooms on heating and cooling demand was analysed. The actual state (poor control of internal temperature) and ideal control of internal temperature were analysed – two cases in the winter and two cases in the summer. Simulations were performed by ESP-r program. The multi-zone model of the building was validated based on measurement data. Measurements and simulations revealed significant variations in the temperature in the rooms of the museum. The analysis showed that the maintaining internal temperature at constant level of 20 °C in winter reduces monthly heat demand in most of the exhibition rooms. Obtained effect is 5–16% depending on the premises. Provision the raise of a temperature by 1 K results in the increase of heat consumption by 6%. Maintenance of a desired internal temperature, which does not exceed 24 °C in the summer, requires the provision of coolness to the museum premises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]